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The Case Study of Vanitas Manga Online

The case study of vanitas.

There once lived a vampire known as Vanitas, hated by his own kind for being born under a full blue moon, as most arise on the night of a crimson one. Afraid and alone, he created the “Book of Vanitas,” a cursed grimoire that would one day take his vengeance on all vampires; this is how the story goes, at least.

Vanitas no Karte follows Noé Archiviste, a young man who is traveling aboard an airship in 19th century Paris with one goal in mind: to find the Book of Vanitas. A sudden vampire attack leads him to meet the enigmatic Vanitas, a doctor who specializes in vampires and, much to Noé’s surprise, an entirely ordinary human. The mysterious doctor has inherited both the name and the infamous text from the Vanitas of legend, using the grimoire to heal his patients. But behind his kind demeanor lies something a bit more sinister…

All Chapters

• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 63
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 62.5
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 62
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 61.5
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 61
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 60
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 59
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 58
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 57
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 56
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 55
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 54
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 53
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 52
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 51.5
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 51
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 50
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 49
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 48
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 47
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 46
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 45
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 44
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 43
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 42
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 41
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 40
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 39
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 38
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 37
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 36
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 35
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 34
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 33
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 32
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 31
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 30
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 29
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 28
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 27
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 26
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 25
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 24
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 23
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 22
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 21
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 20
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 19
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 18
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 17
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 16
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 15
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 14
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 13
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 12
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 11
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 10
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 9
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 8
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 7
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 6
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 5
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 4
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 3
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 2
• The Case Study of Vanitas, Chapter 1

The Case Study of Vanitas

Alt title: Vanitas no Carte

Rumors revolving around The Book of Vanitas, a clockwork grimoire of dubious reputation, draw Noé, a young vampire in search of a friend's salvation, to Paris. What awaits him in the City of Flowers, however, is not long hours treading the pavement or rifling through dusty bookshops in search of the tome. Instead, his quarry comes to him...in the arms of a man claiming to be a vampire doctor! Thrust into a conflict that threatens the peace between humans and vampires, will Noé cast in his lot with the curious and slightly unbalanced Vanitas and his quest to save vampirekind?

Source: Yen Press

• 19th Century
• Human Experimentation
• Non-Human Protagonists
• Supernatural
• Based on a Manga

Content Warning

• Explicit Violence

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Oh where to begin. My simple review is: It was made for people who haven't read the manga. The story was lacking. In the best way, it was too soft. Vanitas' issues were downplayed. Especially during the ball and he was reduced to "Silly looking Vani wants to play doctor." It's supposed to be bread crumbs. A slow fall. Important things were dropped. Things in the catacombs were dropped. Foreshadowing is a key player here. Animation was good. It kept the pretty boy style and didn't rob Jeanne of her shape. I really have nothing to say about sound. Characters, characters, characters. Yes I love the characters but not as much here. Vanitas went from angry at him self to sad boi. Domi had more to her character. Her obsession with Jeanne was not simply to dance and make Noe upset. Olivier... I won't start on him. Characters had corners chisseled off. They were ironed out. They were watered down. It's disappointing. What saves this and gives it a better review? Animation and sound. But a note to everyone getting upset about the ending being given away in the beginning: It's a history. That's why episodes and chapters are called memiors. Adding on as RIPAnime suggests: I find the characters watered down because there wasn't enough time to explain the issues they have. Parts that could help were skipped. Vanitas has issues with his past and he has those issues today. Dominique isn't upset simply because of Noe not returning her feelings. She likes and cares for Jeanne genuinely, but the affection isn't there enough. Character development does happen later, but it seems like it will be harder without these starting pieces. While we don't get to the bottom of their past at the beginning, we haven't gotten far from the surface when we should be digging a hole.

this shit is fucking amazing. good job bones for doing the manga justice.

Vampires in Paris, The City of Flowers, beware, something evil lurks, hunting for your true name. Child or elder, it matters not. Parade of Charlatan will twist you, make you a monster. You're own family will be your feast.   Your only salvation is the infamous clockwork grimoire, The Book of Vanitas or death. Noé Archiviste searches for the book, only to have it come to him via a charismatic, unhinged young man calling himself Vanitas, a vampire doctor. Whitty, bloody, and sexy (but not ecchi); it's quite the fun ride. As the series progresses we learn more about the characters' dark, blood splattered pasts all with beautiful art and comedy mixed in.  If you like this series, I recommend reading the manga of the same title to get deeper into these characters. The anime is nearly all canon, but there are a few things that are glossed over.   I rate it 16+. A child is beheaded right in front of their friend. Lots of blood and thoughts of suicide. 

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The Case Study of Vanitas: Part II

• 2022-01-14 - 2022-04-02

Related manga

• 2015-12-22 - - ?
• Vol: 11 - Ch: 63+

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• Cast & crew
• User reviews

The Case Study of Vanitas

A human wields a magic book that can cure vampires of their bloodlust, and sets out to find vampires to cure with the book. A human wields a magic book that can cure vampires of their bloodlust, and sets out to find vampires to cure with the book. A human wields a magic book that can cure vampires of their bloodlust, and sets out to find vampires to cure with the book.

• Zeno Robinson
• Alexis Tipton
• 10 User reviews
• 3 Critic reviews
• 3 wins & 18 nominations

Episodes 24

• Noe Archiviste …

• Dominique de Sade

• Noé Archiviste

• Roland Fortis …
• Veronica de Sade

• All cast & crew
• Production, box office & more at IMDbPro

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Did you know

• Trivia "Vanitas" is a term that refers to a work of art associated with the transience of life; the trademark of such a work is to contrast symbols of wealth and prosperity with symbols of death. A fitting title for a vampire story protagonist.

User reviews 10

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• Apr 18, 2022
• How many seasons does The Case Study of Vanitas have? Powered by Alexa
• July 2, 2021 (Japan)
• Official Site
• Memoir of Vanitas
• Contents Seed
• See more company credits at IMDbPro

Technical specs

• Runtime 23 minutes

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The Case Study of Vanitas (Official)

The Case Study of Vanitas, Vol. 5

• 4.7 • 15 Ratings

Publisher Description

The Beast of Gévaudan, which once plunged France into terror, has risen again in the nineteenth century. As Vanitas and the others investigate the relationship between the Beast and the vampires, they find their way barred by the paladin Astolfo and Jeanne, the Hellfire Witch. Who is it that laughs in a world blanketed white...?

More Books Like This

More books by jun mochizuki, bianca pistillo & taylor engel, customers also bought, other books in this series.

Vanitas No Carte Manga Online

Vanitas no carte.

The Case Study of Vanitas Manga  (Japanese: ヴァニタスの手記カルテ, Hepburn: Vanitasu no Karute) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Jun Mochizuki. It has been serialized in Square Enix’s shōnen manga magazine Monthly Gangan Joker since December 2015. In North America, the manga is published in English by Yen Press.

At the end of the 19th century. The capital city of France – Paris – is in turmoil following repeated attacks by vampires. However, the golden rule of their community is not to attack humans! A mysterious evil seems to be eating away at these immortal creatures… It is in this troubled period that Noah arrives in the capital. Born a bloodsucker, he follows the trail of the grimoire de Vanitas, a legendary artifact feared by all vampires. It is said that it allows its holder to interfere with what is most sacred to them: the true name, the very symbol of their life. Altering it can drive them mad, or even destroy them… Onboard the huge floating ship on which he has embarked, Noah meets Amelia. As he helps her recover from a breakdown, everything goes haywire: she loses her mind and reveals her vampire nature to the passengers! That’s when a mysterious assailant enters the scene, introducing himself as… Vanitas! In front of a stunned Noah, he draws the famous grimoire and soothes the young woman’s madness. So the artifact is not just a deadly weapon?

All Chapters

• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 64
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 63
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 62.2
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 62.1
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 62
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 61
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 60
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 59
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 58
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 57
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 56
• Vanitas No Carte Chapter 55.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 55
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 54.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 54
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 53
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 52
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 51.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 51
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 50
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 49
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 48
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 47
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 46.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 46
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 45
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 44
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 43
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 42
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 41
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 40
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 39
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 38
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 37
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 36
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 35
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 34.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 34
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 33
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 32
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 31
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 30
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 29
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 28
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 27
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 26
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 25
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 24
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 23
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 22
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 21
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 20
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 19
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 18
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 17
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 16
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 15.5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 15
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 14
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 13
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 12
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 11
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 10
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 9
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 8
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 7
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 6
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 5
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 4
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 3
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 2
• Vanitas No Carte – Chapter 1

Main Characters

Vanitas is one of the main protagonists of The Case Study Of Vanitas. He presents himself as an “average human being” using the power of the Book of Vanitas to cure vampires of the Blue Moon curse. Vanitas was named after the vampire, Vanitas, from the original Blue Moon tale.

Noé Archivist is a young man who is on board the airship La Baleine accompanied by his cat Murr. He has been living in the forests of Averoigne for many years. He has his first flight in an airship when he helps a young woman, Amelia, who has just fainted because of her anemia.

Jeanne is a female vampire who supports her master Luca, who is her knight, wherever he may go. … She is also known as the executioner of Sire Ruthven, and her legend tells that she alone killed more than a thousand vampires who had joined the humans during the great war.

Lucius ‘Luca’ Oriflamme, better known as Grand Duke Oriflamme, is a young vampire noble and advisor to the queen.

The Case Study of Vanitas (Official)

Chapters (77)

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• Clan of the Blue Moon

Vanitas (ヴァニタス, Vanitasu ) is a protagonist and the titular character of Jun Mochizuki 's The Case Study of Vanitas . Contrary to the legend of Vanitas of the Blue Moon , Vanitas claims to be "an average human being" who happened to inherit the Book of Vanitas . It is his stated intention to save the Vampire race by any means possible, using the Book of Vanitas not to spread Malnomen but to cure it. As such, he refers to himself as a doctor who specializes in Vampires. He commissions the help of Noé Archiviste , a Vampire sent by his teacher to research the Book of Vanitas and the series' narrator, in finding cases of Malnomen and curing them. [1]

Originally the child of a former doctor and a performer, Vanitas's biological mother died in childbirth, leaving him to be raised by his father and the traveling players he worked with. Their party was eventually attacked by Vampires, leaving Vanitas as the only survivor. Subsequently, he was picked up by the Catholic Church , and trained to be a Chasseur . However, his death was faked by Doctor Moreau , [2] and he was kept as a test subject, renamed No. 69. [3] There he would meet Mikhail , known as No. 71, and come to regard him as a younger brother. The two were subjected to inhumane experimentation in hopes of turning them into Vampires, all to no avail. Eventually, it was revealed they had received the blood of the Vampire of the Blue Moon, being the only human subjects not to reject it. This gave them abilities somewhat beyond normal human capacity, allowing them to heal slightly faster. The two were to be forcibly linked to the Books of Vanitas in a procedure which would destroy their minds, but were rescued by Vanitas of the Blue Moon. [4]

Desperate, Vanitas and Mikhail went along with Vanitas of the Blue Moon, and were taken as their adoptive children. While Mikhail quickly warmed up to his new guardian, Vanitas remained distrustful, despite taking an active role in supporting them and Mikhail. After some time had passed, Vanitas of the Blue Moon confessed that Vanitas and Mikhail would likely soon die due to the strain the Moreau's experiments had put on their bodies. They said that, lacking any other options, the two could be saved by becoming the Vampire's Kin . While Mikhail, whose body had begun to break down, quickly accepted, Vanitas vehemently refused. He killed the Vampire of the Blue Moon after being Marked , in an event he believed to have killed Mikhail, thus leading him to believe he was the only legitimate Kin of the Blue Moon. [2]

• 1 Appearance
• 2 Personality
• 3 Powers and Abilities
• 5 Appearances
• 7 References
• 8 Navigation

Appearance [ ]

Vanitas is a slender, androgynous young man of average height. He has pale skin, large, expressive eyes, a round face, and a small chin. So blue are his eyes that they are used as an immediately identifiable trait, compared to the color of copper sulfate . An upper left canine tooth is especially pronounced, giving the appearance of fangs when his teeth were visible, though they are not as pronounced as vampires' fangs. His hair is long, black, and irregularly cut, his bangs falling into the center of his face. On either side of his face, his hair is straight cut, the left side to one level and the right side to two. Though he at times appears to wear a ponytail, his hair usually sits freely, the hair on either side of his head cut shorter than that down the middle. One cowlick sticks up from the right side of his head. Both of his ears are pierced, a simple stud worn in his right ear, while his left ear is pierced with a silver (gold, in the anime) hourglass-shaped earring that he inherited from Luna, and two rings through the helix.

Vanitas's reference sheet from volume 2.

While Vanitas wore several outfits over the course of the series, he usually wears a white shirt over black pants, a dark blue striped vest, a large blue bow tie, and an oversized black coat. As accessories, he wears a long, wide ribbon tied into a bow as a belt, short boots with white spats, and black gloves with claws embedded at the fingertips. His coat is long, with a wide collar and a single button, large enough to frequently fall over one shoulder. At its hem, it takes a baloon-like form, and is joked to float "through some mysterious power." Its sleeves are someone based on those of a furisode kimono . To his belt, he straps the Book of Vanitas, two knives, and two tool cases. His outfit is called "the outfit nobody understands." [5]

As a child, he looked much the same, though his hair was less cleanly cut. He was thin and physically diminutive, despite his active training as a chasseur. Prior to being Marked by Vanitas of the Blue Moon, his eyes were a darker shade of blue.

Personality [ ]

Vanitas seems to take nothing seriously, and almost always has a playful grin on his face. He acts impulsively most of the time, and his plans are normally reckless. Vanitas carries a mischievous air around him. He finds utmost amusement in Noé's abnormal reactions to things. However, he is capable of showing seriousness when the situation called for it, as well as anger. He is very flirtatious, as seen in the way he behaves around Jeanne.

Beneath his flippant attitude, Vanitas is a broken man who despises both humans and vampires, but hates himself more than either. Vanitas hates being vulnerable around people, refusing to go to sleep around anyone he doesn’t trust. He likes high places and is often seen hanging around rooftops.

Powers and Abilities [ ]

General: As a mere human, Vanitas is more often than not significantly less powerful than those around him who are Vampires , at least physically so. While he is demonstrably fit, athletic, and spry, his strength, speed, and endurance are only that of an average human being and no more. The exception is the rate at which he heals from injuries, which is accelerated due to Doctor Moreau 's experimentation. [4] To compensate for his generally inferior physical strength, Vanitas is extremely sharp, clever, and resourceful in battle. He can analyze situations and come up with appropriate solutions and counterattacks very fast, even in the middle of a dangerous battle. He makes use of every resource available to him and is not afraid to use underhanded tactics, to the dismay of those around him. [6]

Weapons: Vanitas's main weapons are a pair of knives whose hilts are rigged with wires. In addition, stored in some pockets on his belt are various "cheaters' implements" which he uses both in and out of battle. He has a tendency to try and keep his weapons and tools hidden, to allow himself the additional element of surprise should he need it, adding to his devious trickster-like fighting style. [5] He is also skilled in gathering information about his enemies and putting that to use in battle against them. [7] He favors being prepared and constantly having the upper hand against his enemies.

Chasseur Training: Vanitas's proficiency in combat seems to have originated from his training as a Chasseur. In addition to his combat abilities and weapons training, his brief time with the Chasseurs taught him in great detail the methods of fighting a Vampire. He knows that, as their eyes are the conduit with which they can access and rewrite the World Formula , the first step is to aim for a Vampire's eyes. [8] He has utilized this knowledge not only against Vampires he's attacked [2] but also against Chasseurs who have attacked him. [9] He also, through unknown means, has access to the drugs Chasseurs use to boost their physical abilities. He only uses them in the rare scenario where he has no choice but to fight a Vampire to the death. [10]

The Book of Vanitas : The main source of Vanitas's power is the Book of Vanitas and his control over it. The main method in which he uses the Book is in healing curse-bearers with what he calls an "Inverse Operation" ( 逆 ( ぎゃく ) 演 ( えん ) 算 ( ざん ) , Gyaku Enzan ). Contrary to Vampires' common belief and fears about the curse of the Blue Moon and the related Book, Vanitas uses the Book to interfere with True Names and heal them, extracting the Maladies that warp them into Malnomen . [1] He can also, before doing so, use the Book to identify exactly what Malnomen it is, though just as often Vanitas can name said Malnomen at the top of his head. This inverse operation requires a high amount of proficiency from the user, as the only other to own a Book of Vanitas cannot interfere with True Names on such a level. [11] On rare occasions the Malnomen will be too strong for him to heal on his own, and he will require the curse-bearer in question to reject it of their own volition and call upon the power of his Mark of Possession to complete the operation. [12]

Vanitas does not only use the Book for saving however, it is also his main weapon in battle. As the Book of Vanitas is able to rewrite the World Formula at will, he can use it to a variety of purposes. He can stun Vampires and render them immobile for a short period of time, [13] though a Vampire strong enough may be able to gain mobility sooner. [6] He can also interfere with Astermite , which allows him to manipulate automatons to do his bidding, go haywire, [14] even explode at his will. [15]

Menial: Aside from combat, Vanitas also has a number of skills in other areas of expertise. Despite his status as a doctor being largely self-proclaimed, Vanitas has had clear medical training and experience, likely from being raised by his doctor of a father. [2] He knows how to perform first aid, how to treat poisons, [16] and carries various medicines around with him. [5] He also knows a number of other practical skills, including how to cook, how to clean, [2] and has various knowledge about French history and culture, [17] even minor trivia such as different apple desserts. [18] He is familiar with the Latin language, likely the result of both his upbringing in the Church and his medical knowledge.

• “—Non! I am a doctor. One who specializes in Vampires. I came… to heal her!” [1]
• “I am Vanitas. I inherited this Book and the name from the Vampire of the Blue Moon, and I am… an average human being ! Lend me your strength, Noé!” [1]
• “I’ll do as I please… use methods I choose… and, no matter what you people want… I will save you without fail!!” [1]
• “You gave yourself something to protect. That’s why you’re weak.” [6]
• “But rest assured. There’s nothing to fear. You are truly fortunate! I—! I, who am Kin to the Blue Moon!! I tell you I will use the Book of Vanitas not to slaughter but to save you!! All you have to do… is tremble with humiliation and be saved!!” [19]
• “…No real reason. Right now… you could say I don’t much care what happens.” [20]
• “I have absolutely no interest in the sort of person who would fall for me.” [21]
• “Listen! I never act against my own wishes. The fact that I’m with the Vampires, that I infiltrated this place, that I just hurt you—I did it all of my own free will!” [9]
• “…If you ask me… there’s not much difference between humans and Vampires. They’re all terribly ugly, endlessly selfish creatures.” [14]
• “I… am a doctor. I am here to save Vampires!” [22]
• “Once there were no more curse-bearers, I stopped caring.” [22]
• “If that time comes, I’ll kill you. I promise… I’ll kill you. I love you. I’m the one who’ll make your wishes come true. It has to be me. So, Jeanne… there’s nothing to worry about.” [17]
• “I’m going. If there’s a chance I might find a curse-bearer, I’ll go anywhere.” [23]
• “‘Archiviste.’ I’m only going to say this once, so listen up. If you so much as try to drink my blood… I’ll kill you. Is that clear?” [23]
• “I came here to save Vampires. Are you here for some other reason?” [7]
• “‘Revenge is pointless, so don’t attempt it. It won’t make anyone happy.’ Is that what you’re getting at?” [24]
• “I’m telling you I’ll act on the assumption that you’re going to convince me . If you want them treated… make me feel like treating them.” [24]
• “I love you. I’m the one who’ll make your wishes come true. It has to be me. So spit it out. Tell me what you really want. No matter how trivial it is. Whether it’s an ugly emotion… or even a curse… I’ll accept it for you!” [25]
• “I know that face . It’s self-satisfaction… and self-absorption. The face of someone who’s made an arbitrary decision to die alone. It makes me sick!” [26]
• “Chloé d’Apchier!! Either vanish with this world… or live on in humiliation! Choose however you like!! Even if you survive, you’ll never regain your honor. The Church will never admit to the truth of the past, and you’ll continue to be hounded as the Beast. It’ll be hell either way! Even so—you make the choice!!” [12]
• “Don’t hesitate, Noé. Don’t think about whether Astolfo’s hate is justified or not. Both humans and Vampires act on their own concepts of justice. One’s just can be someone else’s evil. ‘Being right’… is ‘power.’ It can easily turn into violence that’s much harder to deal with than malice. Don’t brandish it. Keep it inside. Justice should merely be the light that illuminates the path ahead of you.” [12]
• “This isn’t about what’s ‘right.’ Base what you do on what you can’t concede. At any rate… in your case, that will work.” [12]
• “It’s revolting! The thought of someone falling for a person like me…” [27]
• “I’ll never become your Kin. No matter what. Even if I knew I’d die tomorrow… I want to stay human until the end.” [2]
• “Bring them… back to life? Don’t even joke about that. I’ve been working to erase their existence entirely. Do you have any idea… how much I’ve—!!” [10]
• “Enough of that. You’ve gotten the wrong idea about something. You and I were only working together because our interests happened to align. We’re strangers. If the other stops being useful, cut him loose. If he gets in the way, kill him. That’s all we are, and you know it.” [10]
• “‘If anyone tries to take my memories… no matter who they are… kill them. Kill them. Kill them. Without fail. Kill… Noé. Kill that Vampire !!’” [10]
• “…Why… can’t I… kill… Why!? Wh… why…?” [28]
• “I’ll never forgive Luna. I’ll erase every last fragment of the Vampire of the Blue Moon’s existence. I’ll consign them to oblivion. That… is my ‘revenge.’” [29]
• “If I— …get to choose how I die… If I can… wish, then… If I’m going to be killed I want Noé to do it.” [29]
• “As for the rest… nothing will change. I am a doctor. I’ll keep on treating curse-bearers. I’ll do as I please. I’ll save the Vampires, for the sake of my revenge.” [29]
• “He acts as if he prefers to resolve problems by talking them out… but he gets violent first thing. He marches right into others’ personal space with his muddy boots. He’s much too stubborn. What can I do but back down!?” [30]
• “The world’s brimming over with discrimination. Some think that’s how things naturally should be. Others aren’t aware that they discriminate. The targets of discrimination often discriminate against others, too.” [31]
• “When you interact with someone… you look straight at that ‘individual.’ Their race and social position don’t matter. You look and talk to them for yourself, and accept what you’ve felt just as it is. Most people aren’t like that, though. They focus on the person’s ‘category,’ not the individual. Are they a man or a woman? An adult or a child? How do they dress? Are they human? Vampire? Dham? In and of itself, that isn’t a bad thing. In order to decide whether the person you’re facing is a threat, you need that information.” [31]

Appearances [ ]

• Mémoire 1: Vanitas — In the Event of Rusty Hopes (First Appearance)
• Mémoire 2: Noé — In the City of Flowers
• Mémoire 3: Jeanne — The Hellfire Witch
• Mémoire 4: Femme Fatale — Love
• Mémoire 5: Archiviste — Fangs That Reveal Blood
• Mémoire 6: Altus — Other World
• Mémoire 7: Bal Masqué — Night of Sneering Masks
• Mémoire 8: Louis — Sinking in a Pool of Blood
• Mémoire 10: Salvatio — Uncertainty
• Mémoire 11: Deux Ombres — Point of Departure
• Mémoire 12: Pause 𝄻
• Mémoire 13: Glissando — Glissando
• Mémoire 14: Catacombes — Where the Dead Sleep
• Memoire 15: Chasseur — Those Who Hunt Crimson
• Entracte: Chambre d'enfants — A Dream of the Sound of Rain
• Mémoire 16: Galop — At the End of the Riot
• Mémoire 17: Cicatrice — No. 69
• Mémoire 18: Dos à Dos — The Shape of Salvation
• Mémoire 19: Serment — Spell-bound
• Mémoire 20: Serment — Promise (Part One)
• Mémoire 21: Serment — Promise (Part Two)
• Mémoire 22: Hurler — A Calling Voice
• Mémoire 23: Au Pas Camarade — Pace
• Mémoire 24: Forêt d'argent — Chance Encounter
• Mémoire 25: Endroit Approprié — Melee
• Mémoire 26: Dissonance — Creaking Laughter
• Mémoire 27: Cage de Neige — Dregs
• Mémoire 28: Dal Segno — Question Mark
• Mémoire 29: Chateau de Sorcière — The Witch and the Youth
• Mémoire 30: Strascinando — Tremolo
• Mémoire 33: Cauchemar — Rumble
• Mémoire 34: Jean-Jacques — The Vampire of the Chastels (Part One)
• Mémoire 34.5: Jean-Jacques — The Vampire of the Chastels (Part Two)
• Mémoire 35: Louisette — Pillar of Justice
• Mémoire 37: Vengeance — Hands That Touch a Nightmare
• Mémoire 38: Naenia — She Who Harbors Death (Part One)
• Mémoire 38.5: Naenia — She Who Harbors Death (Part Two)
• Mémoire 39: Poupée Fissurée — The Essence of the Witch
• Mémoire 40: Avec Toi — Alone Together
• Mémoire 41: Canorus — Snow Flower
• Mémoire 42: Encore une Fois — Love
• Mémoire 43: Encens Restant — Lingering Scent of the Dream
• Mémoire 44: Mal d'Amour — The Incurable Illness (Part One)
• Mémoire 45: Mal d'Amour — The Incurable Illness (Part Two)
• Mémoire 46: Un Autre — Scar
• Entracte: Jours Bruyants — Tales of Lost Children
• Mémoire 47: Hétérogène — Sneering Laughter*
• Mémoire 48: Rencontre — Blue Night*
• Mémoire 49: Douleur — Kind Child
• Mémoire 50: Petrichor — The Thread That Reels in the Past
• Mémoire 51: Tempest — A Silent Scream
• Extra: The Case Study of Vanitash!!!! —Expanded Edition— (Non-Canon)
• Mémoire 52: Sens Unique — Fall
• Mémoire 53: Pleuvoir — Rain Which Doesn't Know the Sky
• Mémoire 54: La nuit sans lune — Dark Night (Part One)
• Mémoire 54.5: La nuit sans lune — Dark Night (Part Two)
• Mémoire 55: Après la pluie — His Wish (Part One)
• Mémoire 55.5: Après la pluie — His Wish (Part Two)
• Mémoire 56: Faire un gâteau — Bittersweet
• Mémoire 57: Au Revoir — Again, Someday
• Mémoire 58: Observation — The Darkness in Between
• Mémoire 60: Bonne journée — Sweets, Complaints, and Reconciliation
• Entracte: Couche — On Clothing
• Mémoire 61: Jeu de paume — Court Tennis (Part One)
• Mémoire 61.5: Jeu de paume — Court Tennis (Part Two)
• Mémoire 62: Bourdonnement — Wingbeats of Scattered Thought (Part One)
• Mémoire 62.5: Bourdonnement — Wingbeats of Scattered Thought (Part Two)
• Mémoire 1: Vanitas -In the Event of Rusty Hopes- (First Appearance)
• Mémoire 2: Noé -In the City of Flowers-
• Mémoire 3: Archiviste -Fangs That Lay Bare Blood-
• Mémoire 4: Bal Masqué -Night of Mocking Masks-
• Mémoire 5: Réminiscence -Friends-
• Mémoire 6: Salvatio -Questions-
• Mémoire 7: Femme Fatale -Love-
• Mémoire 8: Catacombes -Where Death Slumbers-
• Mémoire 9: Chasseur -Those Who Hunt Crimson-
• Mémoire 10: Cicatrice -No.69-
• Mémoire 11: Serment -Promises-
• Mémoire 12: Deux Ombres -Point of Departure-
• Mémoire 13: Forêt d'argent -Chance Encounter-
• Mémoire 14: Château de Sorcière -The Witch and the Young Man-
• Mémoire 15: Oiseau et ciel -The d'Apchiers' Vampire-
• Mémoire 16: Chasse aux Vampires -The Beast-
• Mémoire 17: Vengeance -Hands Upon a Nightmare-
• Mémoire 18: Avec Toi -Just the Two of Us-
• Mémoire 19: Canorus -Snow Flower-
• Mémoire 20: Mal d'amour -The Incurable Disease-
• Mémoire 21: Un Autre -Scars-
• Mémoire 22: Rencontre -Blue Night-
• Mémoire 23: Pleuvoir -Tears like Rain-
• Mémoire 24: Après la pluie -His Wish-

(*) - Denotes that the character did not appear physically, but as a part of another character's memories.

• "Vanitas" is an artistic term referring to a symbolic work of art showing the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death, often contrasting symbols of wealth and symbols of ephemerality and death. It derives from the Latin word "vānitās" which can translate to "emptiness," "nothingness," "falsity," or "vanity" in English. [32]
• Vanitas shares a character song with Noé, Le Formidable! , sung by their Japanese voice actors and composed by Sasanomaly.
• Around the Chasseurs, Vanitas uses the French name "Vincent" (in Japanese, ヴァンサン, Vansan ) as an alias. This is likely a reference to Vincent Nightray (using the English pronunciation, in Japanese, ヴィンセント, Vinsento ), a recurring antagonist from Mochizuki's previous series, Pandora Hearts .
• That said, oysters seem to be a favorite food of his. [33]
• When The Case Study of Vanitas was being first conceived, Vanitas was a vampire who took on the role of Holmes and Noé was a human who took on the role of Watson, inspired by Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes [34] novels. Mochizuki received criticism that this narrative setup was too standard and boring. Upon hearing the suggestion that she switch their races, she was captivated by the idea of a human Holmes and vampire Watson, resulting in the current story. The visible fangs in Vanitas's current design are an element that remained from the original idea for his race. [35]
• In the earliest drafts of Vanitas's design when he was still a vampire, he was supposed to look a bit older than his current version, and he smoked a pipe that he always carried attached to a chain and hung around his neck. He also carried around a fancy parasol, presumably to protect himself from the sun. Even after Mochizuki changed his race to human, she had him keep his parasol and pipe. [36]
• When coming up with Vanitas's personality, Mochizuki described him as "an unusual vampire with a bewitching smile, but a moron who falls in love with an idiot." [36]

References [ ]

• ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Mémoire 1: Vanitas
• ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Mémoire 49: Douleur
• ↑ Mémoire 47: Hétérogène
• ↑ 4.0 4.1 Mémoire 48: Rencontre
• ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Volume 2 Additional Content: Vanitas reference sheet
• ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Mémoire 4: Femme Fatale
• ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mémoire 25: Endroit Approprié
• ↑ Mémoire 14: Catacombes
• ↑ 9.0 9.1 Mémoire 15: Chasseur
• ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Mémoire 50: Petrichor
• ↑ Mémoire 54: La nuit sans lune (Part One)
• ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Mémoire 41: Canorus
• ↑ Mémoire 3: Jeanne
• ↑ 14.0 14.1 Mémoire 16: Galop
• ↑ Mémoire 51: Tempest
• ↑ Mémoire 27: Cage de Neige
• ↑ 17.0 17.1 Mémoire 21: Serment (Part Two)
• ↑ 18.0 18.1 Volume 3 Omake: "Apple desserts"
• ↑ Mémoire 7: Bal Masqué
• ↑ Mémoire 8: Louis
• ↑ Mémoire 12: Pause
• ↑ 22.0 22.1 Mémoire 18: Dos à Dos
• ↑ 23.0 23.1 Mémoire 23: Au Pas Camarade
• ↑ 24.0 24.1 Mémoire 34.5: Jean-Jacques (Part Two)
• ↑ Mémoire 39: Poupée Fissurée
• ↑ Mémoire 40: Avec Toi
• ↑ Mémoire 44: Mal d’Amour (Part One)
• ↑ Mémoire 53: Pleuvoir
• ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 Mémoire 55.5: Après la pluie (Part Two)
• ↑ Mémoire 60: Bonne journée
• ↑ 31.0 31.1 Mémoire 62: Bourdonnement (Part One)
• ↑ Wikipedia: Vanitas
• ↑ Volume 5 Omake: "What Mademoiselle Amelia saw!"
• ↑ Wikipedia: Sherlock Holmes
• ↑ Anime da Vinci Interview
• ↑ 36.0 36.1 Volume 11 Special Edition Booklet

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The Case Study Of Vanitas 5 Paperback – July 2, 2019

• Part of Series The Case Study Of Vanitas
• Language German
• Publisher Carlsen Verlag GmbH
• Publication date July 2, 2019
• Dimensions 4.92 x 0.59 x 7.09 inches
• ISBN-10 3551725675
• ISBN-13 978-3551725677
• See all details

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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Carlsen Verlag GmbH (July 2, 2019)
• Language ‏ : ‎ German
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3551725675
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3551725677
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 6.3 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 4.92 x 0.59 x 7.09 inches
• #8,996 in Fantasy Graphic Novels (Books)

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• Open access
• Published: 17 July 2024

A holistic platform for accelerating sorbent-based carbon capture

• Charithea Charalambous   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-6534 1   na1 ,
• Elias Moubarak   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8271-6800 2   na1 ,
• Johannes Schilling   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-5439 3   na1 ,
• Eva Sanchez Fernandez 4 ,
• Jin-Yu Wang   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-4139 1 ,
• Laura Herraiz 1 ,
• Fergus Mcilwaine   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-7941 1 ,
• Shing Bo Peh 1 ,
• Matthew Garvin 1 ,
• Kevin Maik Jablonka   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-4660 2 ,
• Seyed Mohamad Moosavi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0357-5729 2 ,
• Joren Van Herck 2 ,
• Aysu Yurdusen Ozturk   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6958-2323 5 ,
• Alireza Pourghaderi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7606-6864 6 , 7 ,
• Ah-Young Song   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7931-0148 6 , 7 ,
• Georges Mouchaham   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-9733 5 ,
• Christian Serre   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3040-2564 5 ,
• Jeffrey A. Reimer   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-3725 6 , 7 ,
• André Bardow   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3831-0691 3 ,
• Berend Smit   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4653-8562 2 &
• Susana Garcia   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-3713-311X 1  

Nature ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

• Carbon capture and storage
• Chemical engineering
• Materials for energy and catalysis
• Metal–organic frameworks

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions urgently requires the large-scale deployment of carbon-capture technologies. These technologies must separate CO 2 from various sources and deliver it to different sinks 1 , 2 . The quest for optimal solutions for specific source–sink pairs is a complex, multi-objective challenge involving multiple stakeholders and depends on social, economic and regional contexts. Currently, research follows a sequential approach: chemists focus on materials design 3 and engineers on optimizing processes 4 , 5 , which are then operated at a scale that impacts the economy and the environment. Assessing these impacts, such as the greenhouse gas emissions over the plant’s lifetime, is typically one of the final steps 6 . Here we introduce the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which integrates materials, process design, techno-economics and life-cycle assessment. We compare more than 60 case studies capturing CO 2 from various sources in 5 global regions using different technologies. The platform simultaneously informs various stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of technologies, process configurations and locations, reveals the molecular characteristics of the top-performing sorbents, and provides insights on environmental impacts, co-benefits and trade-offs. By uniting stakeholders at an early research stage, PrISMa accelerates carbon-capture technology development during this critical period as we aim for a net-zero world.

Solid adsorbent-based carbon capture can leverage modern reticular chemistry to synthesize millions of possible adsorbents 7 , including around 100,000 metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) 8 , 9 . To fully explore this potential, we must move beyond the conventional sequential, time-consuming trial-and-error approach. Computational groups have initiated material genomics to accelerate discovery, generating materials in silico and predicting their adsorption properties through molecular simulations 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 . Although these predictions are promising, their impact has been limited because they often assume that a few basic adsorption properties (for example, Henry selectivity or carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capacity) suffice to evaluate material’s performance. The optimal material depends on specific process requirements, scale-up, location and life-cycle assessment (LCA) 4 , 5 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 . The lack of system-level contextualization has hindered stakeholder engagement in materials discovery. A holistic approach is needed to link material properties with process design and techno-economic analysis (TEA). An LCA further evaluates environmental impacts beyond climate change, ensuring that the carbon-capture plant’s construction and operation do not result in higher CO 2 -equivalent (CO 2 e) emissions than it mitigates over its lifetime 21 .

The PrISMa platform for carbon capture

The PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform (Fig. 1 ) allows for the interrogation and screening of materials for a given case study, which is defined by the CO 2 source, the destination of the CO 2 (sink), the capture technology, the available utilities and the geographical region (Extended Data Table 1 ). In the materials layer, we use experimental data or crystal structures to predict the adsorption thermodynamics of flue gas components (CO 2 , nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 O)) through molecular simulations. These thermodynamic data and process and equipment data serve as input for the process layer, where we compute parameters such as purity, recovery, productivity and energy requirements. In the TEA layer, we assess the economic and technical viability. The LCA layer then evaluates the environmental impacts over the plant’s lifetime.

The data flowchart of the four layers of the platform. The figure illustrates the links between the LCA, the TEA, process evaluation and material characterization. On the basis of the crystal structure of a sorbent material, we evaluate its performance for a specific carbon-capture process, connecting a CO 2 source with a CO 2 sink in a region of the world, using a total of 50 KPIs. The platform integrates databases on material properties, process design parameters, utilities data, economic data, life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) data and life-cycle inventory (LCI) data. A detailed description of the methods used in each layer can be found in Supplementary Information Section  3 . Our interactive visualization tool provides access to all KPIs for all case studies and more than 1,200 materials 25 .

Following this holistic approach, the platform identifies top-performing materials for further study. These materials can then undergo more detailed process modelling and investigation (for example, sorbent durability and manufacturing) to advance the technology to pilot and demonstration scales.

Informing stakeholders’ perspectives

The PrISMa platform’s modular structure allows us to consider various stakeholders’ perspectives. For any combination of source, sink, technology, utilities and region, we compute a list of 50 key performance indicators (KPIs; Supplementary Table 5 ). A Spearman analysis (Extended Data Fig. 1 ) helped us identify six reference KPIs that capture the most important trends (Extended Data Table 2 ).

Let us first focus on one case study: capturing CO 2 using a temperature vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) process (with a vacuum pressure of 0.6 bar) from a cement plant located in the UK. The captured CO 2 is compressed and sent for geological storage. In Fig. 2 , we compare the performance of the materials with the monoethanolamine (MEA) benchmark 22 (Supplementary Information Section  4 ); many materials outperform the benchmark for the different process, TEA and LCA KPIs.

a , The nCAC versus recovery, with colour coding the specific electrical energy consumption. b , The nCAC versus purity, with colour coding the specific thermal energy consumption. c , Specific thermal energy consumption for heating versus productivity, with colour coding the recovery. d , MR:MM versus climate change, with colour coding the nCAC. Sbe, antimony equivalent. Our visualization tool 25 gives an interactive version of this graph. The dotted lines in a , c and d show the MEA benchmark (Supplementary Information Section 4 ). In b , the vertical orange dotted line gives the purity required for geological storage (>96%) and in a , the blue shaded area gives the uncertainty. Each dot represents the corresponding KPI of a material.

The net carbon avoidance cost (nCAC) is the KPI that quantifies the cost of avoiding CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere over the plant’s life cycle. The nCAC is not the only criterion, and evaluating materials across all KPIs and from all stakeholders’ perspectives is important. Figure 3 highlights the top-performing materials for a given KPI and their ranking on the other KPIs across the platform. The comparison of the material rankings in Fig. 3 illustrates the complexity of selecting an optimal material; the top ten for a given KPI do not necessarily perform well for the other KPIs.

Rankings according to Henry selectivity (S), purity (Pu), productivity (P), nCAC, climate change (CC) and MR:MM for a TVSA carbon-capture process added to a cement plant in the UK. In these graphs, the top-performing material is ranked number one. Coloured lines represent the top ten performers for the six reference KPIs. The same colour is used to highlight the KPI of interest. Every line illustrates how the ranking of a specific material ( y axis) changes across all other KPIs ( x axis). Our visualization tool 25 gives an interactive version of this graph.

From an engineering perspective, we are interested in identifying the best technology. Figure 4a compares the nCAC of the 20 top-performing materials for the 3 process configurations and 3 CO 2 sources. For all three technologies, we find materials that outperform the benchmark for coal and cement. For cases with a low CO 2 concentration in the feed stream (for example, natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants), the vacuum step in the process configuration reduces the cost, but no materials are identified with a lower nCAC than the MEA benchmark.

This analysis of the stakeholders’ perspectives focuses on the 20 materials with the lowest nCAC. In these violin plots, the white circle gives the median, which we use as a (conservative) estimate of the performance. The bottom of the violin represents a few materials with an even better performance. The width indicates the number of structures with a particular y value and the thick black bar contains 50% of the structures. a , The nCAC jointly with the MEA benchmark (black dashed lines). b , The purity for three CO 2 sources depending on the technologies (TSA and TVSA with two vacuum levels 0.2 bar and 0.6 bar) jointly with the required purity of the CO 2 sink (red dashed line). c , d , The climate change ( c ) and effective recovery ( d ) for the five regions. e , f , The CCC ( e ) and the nCAC ( f ) for the five regions. CN-GD, China Guangdong region; CN-SD, China Shandong region; CH, Switzerland. See Supplementary Information Section  8 for the data.

The vacuum step increases the purity of the product stream. This increase is achieved by rapidly purging the weakly adsorbed components from the column’s gas phase after the adsorption step but at the expense of a lower recovery than a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) process. Figure 4b shows that with the vacuum step, most materials exceed 96% purity, whereas for TSA, only a few materials meet this requirement for geological storage. Therefore, we focus on operating TVSA with 0.6 bar for the cement and coal and the TVSA with 0.2 bar for the NGCC.

After optimization, many more materials meet the purity requirement (Supplementary Information Section  10.3.3 ). Optimization lowers the nCAC by about €7 tCO 2 −1 (about 12%) for a TVSA process (cement in the UK) and about €9 tCO 2 −1 (about 14%) for a TSA process and reduces the differences between the various process configurations. Importantly, we see that the ranking of the top-performing materials has not been impacted significantly.

Running a carbon-capture plant inherently produces emissions of CO 2 and other greenhouse gases owing to an increased demand for energy and materials. The environmental manager’s perspective focuses on maximizing the captured CO 2 while simultaneously minimizing these associated CO 2 e emissions and other possible environmental impacts.

The effective recovery (Fig. 4d ) adjusts the process recovery for the CO 2 e emissions associated with building and operating the carbon-capture plant, using the climate change KPI (Fig. 4c ). For some materials, we find that the climate change KPI is >1 kgCO 2 e per kgCO 2 captured (Extended Data Fig. 2a ). This indicates that the capture process with these materials emits more CO 2 e over the plant’s lifetime than the total amount of CO 2 captured. Several factors can contribute to this result. For example, some materials have a very low CO 2 working capacity, resulting in high material and energy demands. Some others, with relatively good working capacities and moderate heat demands, contain metals such as gold or rhodium. The climate change impact of synthesizing such materials is so significant that it leads to a climate change KPI >1 kgCO 2 e per kgCO 2 captured. An important environmental KPI is the material resources:metals/minerals (MR:MM), which relates to the use of minerals and metals resources. In Extended Data Fig. 3 , we compare the ranking of materials based on their constituent metals, focusing on some abundant metals (magnesium, zinc and manganese) and rare metals (copper, lutetium and silver). The MR:MM ranking will be poorer if a greater amount of the corresponding MOF is required to remove a unit of CO 2 or if the total energy demand is higher. The abundant metals rank better, whereas the rank drops for the rather rare metals. If a MOF scores poorly on MR:MM, it may inspire chemists to explore similar structures with more abundant metals.

Another important factor in MOF synthesis is solvent selection. The PrISMa platform identifies the greenest solvent from a list of frequently used ones. Supplementary Information Section  8.2.3 pinpoints anticipated environmental hotspots related to solvent selection.

The platform provides additional KPIs related to the process’s environmental impacts (Extended Data Fig. 2b ), for example, impact on ecosystem quality, human health and the use of resources (land, water, materials and non-renewable energy), and allows us to flag materials that impact the environment.

The CO 2 -producer perspective seeks the most cost-effective capture technology. For instance, a cement producer can select different utilities based on their impact on the plant’s environmental footprint and cost. In Switzerland, CO 2 e emissions can be reduced using electric boilers instead of natural-gas-fired ones. This change significantly lowers the climate change KPI owing to the low carbon intensity of Switzerland’s electricity grid, resulting in nearly 100% effective recovery. However, this improvement comes with a cost increase of approximately €16 tCO 2 −1 (about 20%) owing to the high operating costs in Switzerland (Supplementary Information Section  8.2.2 ).

If one needs to perform large-scale carbon capture tomorrow, the default choice is often the well-established MEA technology. However, from an investor’s perspective, our platform shows that solid-sorbent-based capture processes can outperform the MEA benchmark. The cost reductions increase with CO 2 concentration; for cement, the nCAC is about a factor of two lower than the benchmark (Fig. 4a ). Investors are also interested in understanding the economics of deploying carbon-capture plants in different parts of the globe. The large cost differences and electricity grid characteristics will make specific regions economically more beneficial than others. Figure 4e highlights this region’s dependence on the carbon-capture cost (CCC). For the cement case, electricity and natural-gas costs are low in the USA, which makes it favourable in CCC, whereas it is highest in Switzerland. The region dependency of coal costs is rather small, whereas for natural gas, it is more substantial.

However, the CCC does not account for the CO 2 e emissions associated with operating the carbon-capture plant and the product loss (for example, electricity). The nCAC corrects the system-based CCC by the climate change KPI (Fig. 4f ). The largest impact is observed in the NGCC case. The high CO 2 e emissions of the electricity grid owing to the many coal power plants in China, particularly in Shandong province, lead to the highest nCAC. In contrast, Switzerland has the lowest because its grid is dominated by hydroelectricity. The low energy cost and CO 2 e emissions of the electricity grid mix make the USA beneficial for coal and cement.

The route from the first synthesis of a new material to its implementation into a commercial process can take many years. It is, therefore, important, from a chemist’s perspective, to provide some guidance on how molecular characteristics impact the material’s performance at the very early material’s design stage. An interesting practical question is whether one can synthesize materials that work well for any CO 2 source. Extended Data Fig. 4a compares the nCAC ranking for NGCC, coal-fired power plants and cement plants. We observe a significant change in ranking when we go from the NGCC to coal. The changes are smaller but still considerable when we move from coal to cement. This indicates the need for tailored materials for different capture applications (see Supplementary Information Section  8.5.1 for more details).

Extended Data Fig. 4b shows the increase in nCAC with wet versus dry flue gases. As the value of α , indicating water penetration in the bed, increases, costs rise substantially, following exponential trends after a certain threshold. For cement, the increase in nCAC is at least €5.0 tCO 2 −1 (8%), and €26.7 tCO 2 −1 (22%) for NGCC. This underscores the necessity of managing moisture at lower feed-CO 2 partial pressures to maintain cost competitiveness. In Supplementary Information Section  9 , we discuss the limits of our (ideal) model. Under non-ideal mass-transfer conditions, about 60–70% of the materials remain top performers. However, for materials with high water affinity (for example, zeolite 13X), moisture slippage into the dry part of the bed can significantly undermine their capacity and shift their ranking.

Screening more than a thousand materials enables us to use data-driven methods to identify the molecular characteristics of the top-performing materials. For cement, we demonstrate that by retaining the descriptor related to pore geometry (that is, persistence images), we can accurately predict whether a material has a lower nCAC than the MEA benchmark (Supplementary Information Section  8.5.3 ). These persistence images also rank the importance of each atom in these predictions, with the collection of these atoms characterizing the molecular features that define the adsorbaphore 23 . A common feature among materials outperforming MEA is a geometrical rod of metal atoms (highlighted in Extended Data Fig. 5 ). These features are often associated with stacked delocalized systems (aromatic rings) separated by 6 Å to 11 Å (see also Supplementary Fig. 62 ).

Extending the chemical design space

Identifying more top-performing materials increases the likelihood of advancing some to the next technological readiness level. We use density functional theory and molecular simulations to predict material properties. Although these predictions are accurate and applicable across case studies, they require substantial central-processing-unit resources and do not scale to millions of materials. To address this, we leverage platform outcomes and implement a machine-learning feedback loop to screen a much larger chemical design space.

Our machine-learning model uses the crystal structure to predict whether a material yields an nCAC above or below a given threshold. We have limited top-performing materials, so we perform the training in steps. We start using an nCAC threshold corresponding to the MEA benchmark and use this model to screen a larger database. The most promising materials are added to the platform (round 1, in Extended Data Fig. 6a ). We now have more top-performing materials, which allows us to retrain the model with a lower threshold and perform the next round. Extended Data Fig. 6a,c shows that in each round, we decrease the average nCAC. Extended Data Fig. 6d–f shows the evolution of the predictions of our machine-learning model in the chemical design space. Interestingly, there is not one single cluster of top-performing materials but several clusters of chemically different materials. This model needs to be trained for each case study. Indeed, Extended Data Fig. 6b shows that the added top-performing materials for cement do not similarly reduce the nCAC for the NGCC case.

Experimental testing

The impact of our in silico screening is limited if it cannot reflect the experimental performance of the material. As an example, we uploaded the crystal structure of a new material, MIP-212 (Extended Data Fig. 7a ). Extended Data Fig. 8 shows this is a promising material, and we studied the performance in detail (Supplementary Information Section  12.1 ). The experimental breakthrough curves (Extended Data Fig. 7b ) show the separation between the column’s predicted wet and dry fronts. The significant lapse between the breakthrough times of CO 2 and H 2 O indicates moisture penetration below 5% of the bed length, which is in good agreement with our predictions (Supplementary Information Section  12.1.3 ).

We also ranked CALF-20 in Extended Data Fig. 8 , which gives an nCAC of €72 tCO 2 −1 .

CALF-20 is being commercialized, and the estimated CO 2 capture cost for the Svante process is €50 tCO 2 −1 (ref. 24 ). A head-to-head comparison is, however, difficult as the two processes fundamentally differ.

The PrISMa platform’s holistic approach identifies promising sorbent materials for carbon-capture applications. This modular platform extends beyond carbon capture, allowing for additional modules, for example, other gas separations and hydrogen or methane storage. Bridging fundamental research and large-scale deployment accelerates the successful implementation of innovations.

Data availability

All the results obtained by the platform for all case studies presented in this work have been deposited on Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11244258 (ref. 26 ). On this website, one can also find the crystal structure (cif files) of all materials studied in this work, together with the simulated isotherms, values of the heat capacity and the data that characterize the materials. The results of this work can also be accessed through our visualization tool on the Materials Cloud at https://prisma.materialscloud.io/ (ref. 25 ). This tool allows users to inspect all case studies and all KPIs. In addition, the Materials Cloud provides interactive versions of the graphs presented in this work. Updates and new case studies will be made available through the Materials Cloud. This tool also allows the crystal structure of materials to be uploaded and analysed across various case studies.

Code availability

The code for the analysis of the persistence images and the interactive visualization tool can be found at https://github.com/kjappelbaum/prisma-adosorbaphore and https://github.com/ElMouba/PrISMa_VisTool , respectively. The software to run the different layers of the platform can be obtained from the corresponding authors upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Pougin, S. Majumdar, E. García-Díez, V. Kulakova, B. Winter and F. de Meyer for contributing to this work; and H. Celik, R. Giovine and UC Berkeley’s NMR facility in the College of Chemistry (CoC-NMR) for spectroscopic assistance. We also thank I. Dovgaliuk for helping us in solving the structure of MIP-212. This work is part of the PrISMa Project (299659), funded through the ACT Programme (Accelerating CCS Technologies, Horizon 2020 Project 294766). Financial contributions from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), together with extra funding from the NERC and EPSRC research councils, United Kingdom, the Research Council of Norway (RCN), the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE), and the US Department of Energy are gratefully acknowledged. Additional financial support from TOTAL and Equinor is also gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge funding from the USorb-DAC Project, supported by a grant from The Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment to RMI’s climate tech accelerator programme, Third Derivative. C.C., J.-Y.W., L.H. and S.G. are also supported by the UKRI ISCF Industrial Challenge within the UK Industrial Decarbonisation Research and Innovation Centre (IDRIC) award number EP/V027050/1. The NMR instrument used in this work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number 2018784. We also gratefully acknowledge Solverlo Ltd’s contribution to developing the TEA module.

Author information

These authors contributed equally: Charithea Charalambous, Elias Moubarak, Johannes Schilling

Authors and Affiliations

The Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK

Charithea Charalambous, Jin-Yu Wang, Laura Herraiz, Fergus Mcilwaine, Shing Bo Peh, Matthew Garvin & Susana Garcia

Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Sion, Switzerland

Elias Moubarak, Kevin Maik Jablonka, Seyed Mohamad Moosavi, Joren Van Herck & Berend Smit

Laboratory of Energy and Process Systems Engineering (EPSE), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Johannes Schilling & André Bardow

Solverlo Ltd, Dunbar, UK

Eva Sanchez Fernandez

Institut des Matériaux Poreux de Paris, Ecole Normale Supérieure, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL University, Paris, France

Aysu Yurdusen Ozturk, Georges Mouchaham & Christian Serre

Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

Alireza Pourghaderi, Ah-Young Song & Jeffrey A. Reimer

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

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Contributions

E.M., S.M.M., K.M.J., J.V.H. and B.S. developed the materials layer. C.C., J.-Y.W., F.M., S.B.P. and S.G. developed the process layer. E.S.F., C.C., L.H. and S.G. developed the techno-economic analysis layer. J.S. and A.B. developed the life-cycle assessment layer and optimization framework. F.M. and K.M.J. developed the machine-learning methods. E.M. and J.V.H. developed the visualization software. The MIP-212 MOF was synthesized and characterized by G.M., C.S., A.Y.O., A.P., A.-Y.S. and J.A.R., and breakthrough curves were conducted and analysed by M.G., F.M., S.B.P. and S.G. All authors contributed to analysing the data and writing the paper.

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Correspondence to Berend Smit or Susana Garcia .

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Extended data figures and tables

Extended data fig. 1 spearman’s rank correlation matrix for the cement case in the uk with tvsa process at 0.6 bar..

Spearman’s rank correlation matrix of the rankings considering one material KPI, eight process KPIs, eight TEA KPIs, and 16 LCA KPIs. Dark blue represents very strong correlations, while dark red represents lower correlations. The size of the circle is proportional to the absolute value of the correlation. The diagonal circles in the matrix have, by definition, a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 1. A more detailed description can be found in Supplementary Information Section  7 .

Extended Data Fig. 2 Materials ranking for LCA-KPIs for cement in the UK with TVSA process at 0.6 bar.

(a) The materials that are colored red have a Climate Change KPI larger than 1, which implies that the total CO 2 -eq. emissions of the capture plant using this material are larger than the amount of CO 2 that is captured. Note that we changed nCAC to the Carbon Capture Cost (CCC) (see Supplementary Information Section  6.3.6 ) because the nCAC is not defined for these materials. (b) Material ranking for all 16 main LCA KPIs: Climate Change (CC), Water Use (WU), Energy Resources: Non-Renewable (ER:NR), Material Resources: Metals/Minerals (MR:MM), Land Use (LU), Acidification (A), Ecotoxicity: Freshwater (EcoT:F), Eutrophication: Freshwater (Eut:F), Eutrophication: Marine (Eut:M), Eutrophication: Terrestrial (Eut:T), Human Toxicity: Carcinogenic (HT:C), Human Toxicity: Non-Carcinogenic (HT:NC), Particulate Matter Formation (PMF), Ozone Depletion (OD), Photochemical Ozone Formation: Human Health (POF:HH), and Ionising Radiation: Human Health (IR:HH). The blue lines show the top 20 materials for the nCAC; the one material showing significant environmental hotspots in 10/16 impact categories contains silver).

Extended Data Fig. 3 Ranking of the two classes of metals for the cement case in the UK with TVSA process at 0.6 bar.

Top: abundant metals (Mg, Zn, Mn), and Bottom: more rare metals (Cu, Lu, Ag). Some MOFs contain more than one type of metal. All these metals are considered in the KPI MR:MM and can lower the ranks significantly. A combination of two or three metals is, for example, contained in the worst-performing Manganese (Mn) materials, leading to their bad performance in MR:MM compared to the other materials containing the same metal.

Extended Data Fig. 4 Ranking of materials and comparison between wet and dry flue gasses.

(a) Ranking of materials for NGCC power plant (TVSA at 0.2 bar), coal power plant (TVSA at 0.6 bar), and cement plant (TVSA at 0.6 bar). The materials are ranked using the preferred technology according to the Net Carbon Avoidance Cost (nCAC). The color coding of the lines shows the number of ranks a material change ranking. (b) Scatter plots of the increase in nCAC from dry to wet conditions as a function of the fraction of bed that is moisture-loaded. (top) Cement plant (TVSA at 0.6 bar), (middle) coal power plant (TVSA at 0.6 bar), (bottom) NGCC power plant (TVSA at 0.2 bar).

Extended Data Fig. 5 Identifying the adsorbaphore for the cement Case Study (TVSA, 0.6 bar) in the UK.

The top figures illustrate the methodology; the crystal structure is converted into a persistence image. We extract the most relevant pixels of the persistence images from a model trained to predict whether the nCAC is lower than the MEA-based benchmark. We then identify representative cycles, which are collections of atoms that generate a corresponding topological feature (i.e., birth/persistence pair). The bottom figure shows examples of the top-performing structures’ recurring molecular features (adsorbaphores). Supplementary Information Section  8.5.3 provides more examples of these top-performing structures, and it gives the details of the methods that are used.

Extended Data Fig. 6 Iterative material discovery.

The PrISMa platform was used to train a series of ML models to predict an nCAC below a set of thresholds (105, 80, and 70 €t −1 CO2 ) for the cement Case Study in the UK (TVSA, 0.6 bar). (a) shows the nCAC versus purity for the different rounds. (b) shows how these materials perform for the other Case Studies. (c) shows the distribution of the nCAC per round. (d)–(f) visualize the screening of the chemical space through dimensionality reduction (UMAP embedding, see Supplementary Information Section  11 ). Each data point corresponds to one MOF. In (d)-(f), the colored dots are MOFs with an nCAC better than the threshold and the 30,000 grey dots are from the large database.

Extended Data Fig. 7 MIP-212.

Panel (a) shows the structure of MIP-212. MIP-212 has 1D channels constructed from an alternation of chains of Al hydroxy-carboxylates and Cu pyrazolates. Panel (b) shows the breakthrough curve under a dry and wet flue gas and conditions corresponding to the cement Case Study.

Extended Data Fig. 8 Materials performance for a TVSA carbon capture process at 0.6 bar added to a cement plant in the UK using experimental data.

The dotted lines in (a), (c), and (d) show the MEA benchmark, in (b), the vertical orange dotted line gives the purity required for geological storage (> 96 %), and in (a), the blue-shaded area gives the uncertainty. Each dot represents the corresponding KPI of a material. The triangles are the structures for which experimental property data is used directly in the platform (see Supplementary Information Section  12 ). (a) Net Carbon Avoidance Cost (nCAC) versus recovery (R) with color coding the specific electrical energy consumption, (b) nCAC versus purity (Pu) with color coding the specific thermal energy consumption, (c) Specific thermal energy consumption for heating versus productivity (P) with color coding the recovery, and (d) Material Resources: Metals/Minerals (MR:MM) versus Climate Change (CC) with color coding the nCAC.

Supplementary information

Supplementary text and data, including Supplemenatry Figs. 1–91, Tables 1–11 and refs. 1–241. See contents for details.

Peer Review file

Data isotherms supplementary figs. 8–26.

Experimental and computational data of CO 2 , N 2 and H 2 O adsorption isotherms in different MOFs.

Breakthrough data

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Charalambous, C., Moubarak, E., Schilling, J. et al. A holistic platform for accelerating sorbent-based carbon capture. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07683-8

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07683-8

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