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Virtual presentation framework: Your guide to presenting online

Get your team on prezi – watch this on demand video.

Michael Lee March 01, 2021

By now, virtual presentations are a staple in the way many organizations conduct business. But just because most people are used to presenting online doesn’t mean they’re any good at it. The best virtual presentations require more than just appearing on screen or sharing content. To really connect with your audience, you need to follow the virtual presentation framework : Establish credibility, build trust, and appeal to your audience’s emotions.

This presentation framework serves as an online presentation guide to help you make sense of the most common elements of successful online interactions. As you get more comfortable with all the elements, you’ll be able to use the presentation framework as a digital toolbox of sorts, calling on the right skills at the right time.

It’s important to note that these segments are not mutually exclusive, but should work together. After all, you can be credible without earning trust, and you can be informative without eliciting any emotion. The best online presenters and speakers will apply the presentation framework as a whole to both their content and delivery. Read on for a more detailed look at each segment in the virtual presentation framework. 

Presentation framework: Establish credibility 

Credibility is a measure of how qualified you are (or at least, how qualified you seem) to speak on your topic. Basically, do you look like you know what you’re doing? On virtual presentations, you’ll need to consider:

How you set up your space

It may seem like a minor detail next to everything else you have to do for your presentation, but your home studio setup can greatly impact audience perceptions. If your face is dimly lit or your audience can’t hear you, it’ll make your entire presentation feel less professional. 

Position your light source in front of you (whether it’s a window or a lamp). Also, test out different microphones to find the one with the best audio quality. You’ll also want to avoid distracting your audience with busy backgrounds. Though, don’t be afraid to show more personality than a blank white wall! Even small, inexpensive adjustments can make a big difference. 

Get more tips from Jessica Chen , the founder, and CEO of Soulcast Media and an Emmy Award-winning journalist:

How you present yourself 

Any online presentation guide will tell you that to deliver an engaging presentation, you’ll need to practice. While one of the benefits of virtual presentations is the ability to include presenter notes , you also don’t want to look like you’re reading the entire time. Practice speaking with confidence, paying particular attention to your pacing and volume. Also, try cutting out filler words like “um” and “like.” Lorraine Lee , the Managing Editor here at Prezi, shares how standing while you present and projecting your voice can help:

How well do you know your material?

It can sometimes be painfully obvious when someone speaks on a topic they don’t actually know much about. If you’re giving a virtual presentation, it means you’ve had the time to prepare and pick your topic. Make sure you’re speaking to your subject matter expertise, whether it’s for a keynote, webinar, sales pitch, or just an internal presentation. 

Richard Mulholland , a global speaker and founder of presentation agency Missing Link , highlights the benefits of finding your “area of authority” and then focusing the vast majority of your attention on that subject: 

Presentation framework: Build trust

While trust may seem very similar to credibility, there’s a key difference. Credibility determines if your audience finds you qualified to speak about your topic. However, trust determines whether they’ll actually believe what you say. To build trust with your audience on virtual presentations, you should: 

Appear on the screen 

Body language and facial cues are crucial in conveying meaning, which is why it’s necessary to appear on-screen if you want your audience to trust what you’re saying. This also applies to screen sharing. If your camera’s on, but nobody can see you, then you’re going to lose out on opportunities to connect with your audience. 

Vanessa Van Edwards , a keynote speaker and Lead Investigator at Science of People , explains that hands act as “trust indicators.” That’s why you should use tools like Prezi Video to bring your content on-screen with you, so that you can show your content while still using hand gestures to keep your audience engaged . Watch Vanessa’s video to learn more and to see these principles in action: 

Back up your claims

With enough practice, you can say anything with confidence, but empty promises and hyperbole will only erode your audience’s trust. Make sure you use trusted sources while researching, and present facts and data as necessary. 

For example, see how Brian Xu , a Senior Data Scientist at LinkedIn , uses data to analyze the economic impacts of COVID-19: 

Respect your audience

Don’t forget that while you’re the one presenting, your audience is also investing their time and attention into your content. Make sure your content is tailored and relevant, and be mindful of sticking to your allotted time. 

You may also want to consider employing a more conversational approach to your virtual presentation. In a remote sales pitch , for instance, you don’t have to go through all of your content from start to finish. Instead, find out what your buyers are most interested in and only focus on those topics.

Presentation framework: Appeal to emotions 

Even if your content is well-researched and expertly presented, it ultimately won’t matter if your audience can’t remember any of it. Part of what makes content impactful and memorable is having it resonate on an emotional level. Be sure to include these elements in your virtual presentations: 

Displaying a wall of text on the screen is only going to result in glazed eyes. Use visual communication to help your message resonate with your audience — whenever possible, replace text with images, videos, and charts. 

In this webinar with Tiffani Bova , the Global Growth and Innovation Evangelist at Salesforce , she uses both photos and designed graphics, and clever placement of her visuals, to support her message. When illustrating the divide between sellers and buyers, she puts photos on either side of her screen. This creates a more visceral and memorable message than a bullet point:

Interactivity

Because you’re working with limited screen real estate on virtual presentations, you’ll need to work harder to keep your audience invested and engaged. That means you should avoid becoming a static talking head or hiding behind your screen share. Take advantage of Prezi Video to add some interactivity to your presentation. With Prezi Video, you can point at graphics you want to focus on or emphasize your message with gestures. 

Plus, there are currently a wealth of tools that can help you better connect with your audience. Take advantage of the chat, poll, and Q&A functions on your video conferencing tools, or use third-party apps like Slido to create impactful conversations . 

Storytelling

Stories are still one of the best ways to connect with your audience. They can take complex ideas and recontextualize them in a way that feels relevant and evokes emotions. And, our brains are already wired for stories (which is why they make up two-thirds of our daily conversations). 

Try starting your virtual presentation with a story or anecdote to capture your audience’s attention quickly. Elena Valentine , the CEO, and co-founder of workplace media company Skill Scout Films , explains how stories and anecdotes can make you seem more human instead of just “the expert,” and why that works in your favor:

Using the virtual presentation framework

This virtual presentation framework is by no means comprehensive. However, it can serve as a useful guide to online presentations. As you start putting content together for your next presentation, refer to the framework to pinpoint areas that you’re still missing and start incorporating them. You can also get even more advice and insights from our Virtual Presentation Innovators .

If you’re speaking at an upcoming virtual conference or event , drop us a line at [email protected] for a chance to work together on a virtual presentation that your audience won’t forget.

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How mckinsey consultants make powerpoint presentations.

Table of contents

Section 1: frontpage, section 2: executive summary, section 3: body of slides, section 4: conclusion/recommendation, section 5: appendix.

This article covers the structure of a McKinsey presentation, its key elements, and formatting tips and tricks. The principles are nearly identical to those found at BCG, Bain, or other top consultancies, although there are differences in terms of design and style.

As a note, the type of presentations we are covering in this post are what you would call ‘corporate’ or ‘management consulting’ presentations. These types of presentations are typically longer, data-heavy slide decks that serve as the foundation for complex decisions and recommendations. We are not referring to decks for keynotes, college projects, or design presentations.

The structure of a McKinsey presentation

A complete consulting presentation typically contains the following five overall sections: 

• Executive summary 
• Body of slides
• Recommendation / Next steps

Let's dive into each section one by one.

The front page consists of a few simple elements: a title, a sub-headline, name of company, date and time . The title is usually less than 8 words long. A sub-headline is an optional second description line, used for further elaboration.

In consulting the 'name of company' and the template theme typically depends on whether the client wants to position the work as internal or external. If the client wants to position the work as external, then the front page will have McKinsey’s name and use its signature design template and color scheme. Vice versa, if positioned as internal work, the slides will be branded with the client organization's logo and design.

The executive summary, sometimes called 'At A Glance', is the presentation's first slide and usually the single slide that takes the most time to write and perfect. 

The executive summary summarizes the key arguments, storyline, and supporting evidence of the body slides. This helps the reader get a quick overview of the presentation and take away the most important insights and recommendations.

Executive summaries written by McKinsey, Bain, and BCG usually follow the Situation-Complication-Resolution (SCR) Framework , which is a straightforward and effective approach to communicating the complete storyline of your slide deck .

See our post on How to Write an Effective Executive Summary for tips and tricks.

This is the central section of the presentation. This section often contains 50+ slides filled with quantitative and qualitative content. To avoid 'death-by-powerpoint', it is crucial to structure both the overall storyline and individual slides in a clear and engaging way. 

Let’s start by taking a look at the way McKinsey consultants create individual slides.

The anatomy of a slide  

At its most basic form, each slide must consist of 3 main parts:

(a) Action title - a sentence that articulates the key implication or insight    (b) Subheadings - what data are you using to prove the insight?   (c) Slide body - the actual data used to prove the insight (text, numbers, visuals, footer).

As a rule of thumb, there should be nothing in the action title that's not in the slide body, and nothing in the slide body that is irrelevant to the action title.

a) Action title

When you become a management consultant, one of the first things you are taught is that the title of a slide should always be an 'action title' that articulates the key takeaway or 'so-what' of the slide.

Often presentations are read by busy executives. Action titles make your slides easier to understand because your reader doesn't have to dive into the detail of the slide body to understand the key takeaway of that slide.

As an example, imagine you are creating a slide showing yearly development in revenue and costs for a business unit.

A passive title for that slide could be:  "Historical development in Revenue and Costs".  As a reader, you need to study the chart to deduct the 'so-what' of the slide.

An action title would be:  "Over the last 5 years, costs have grown 10% per year, which is double revenue growth" As a reader, you immediately understand the message of the slide. You can now choose to look at the data on the slide more closely, if you want the details.

See our blog post on Action Titles for a more comprehensive guide.

(b) Subheadings

Subheadings are meant to give a clear summary of the data used to prove the insight in the action title, or alternatively add some nuance to the main takeaway. Keep it crisp and short.

Here are a few examples:

• Sales of personal luxury goods, US Market, $ billions
• Forecasted evolution of battery cell costs by 2030 ($/kWh)

(c) Slide body

A clear and concise slide body is essential for effectively communicating insights to an audience. The slide's main insight, articulated in the action title, should be supported by all relevant information presented in the simplest possible way.  You have likely done a lot of research, and it is tempting to include all the interesting data you have found. Avoid this. Instead, try and remove all facts and figures not directly supporting your key insight stated in the title.  

Here is an example: 

In this case, the title is clear, and the content of the slide only serves to prove and support the slide's main insight.  

When building your slide, you may only sometimes start with the title and then fill in the data to support it. Often it is more of an iterative process where you try out different titles to capture the data you have collected and the flow of the overall storyline.

Now that we have covered the building blocks of individual slides, let’s move on to how McKinsey, BCG, and Bain consultants construct a storyline.

Horizontal flow: The structure of a storyline

‘Storyline’ refers to the way the slide deck is built up or in other words the ‘flow’ of slides. The exact storyline created by McKinsey, Bain, and BCG consultants is typically tailored to that specific use case. But in general consulting storylines follow an SCR (situation-complication-resolution) framework.

The SCR framework is a way of structuring your findings in a clear and concise way that is engaging and intuitive. Here is what each part of the framework means:

• Situation: The situation is the starting point or context of the problem or issue you're addressing. It might include information about the current state of affairs, the background of the problem, or any other relevant details that help set the stage. The situation can also focus more narrowly on a specific opportunity or threat.  
• Complication: The complication is the specific challenge or problem that has arisen within the situation. It might be a roadblock, an unexpected development, or a major hurdle that needs to be overcome. It can also refer to gaps in capabilities needed to capture an opportunity.  
• Resolution: The resolution is the proposed solution to the complication or problem. It should be a clear and actionable plan for moving forward and overcoming the challenge. This might involve specific steps to be taken, resources needed, or other details that help ensure success. We cover this in more detail in the next section.

Your storyline should be clear at the slide title level, which is why action titles are so important. Your audience should be able to read only your action titles all the way through the presentation and a) understand what the main conclusions are and b) understand how you got to those main conclusions through analysis. In other words, your action titles should flow like a story and be readable on their own.

In practice, when starting a new deck it can be helpful to sketch out your overarching sections on paper. Then follow them up with empty slides using just action titles (or fill in the slides with rough notes on which analysis or sub-conclusion goes on that slide). Print out your slides and lay them on a table or put your slides in ‘Slide Sorter’ mode in PowerPoint and see if the flow of slides makes sense.

You can also choose to write your entire storyline in a word document focusing first on the action titles of each slide and then supplementing the action titles with underlying bullets describing the data or information that will go on the slide to support that action title.

McKinsey consultants have a library of old cases to use, which helps create a skeleton or inspire a new deck and allows them to make better presentations in much less time. Build your own library by saving excellent presentations you come across in grouped categories and creating an ongoing general PowerPoint where you collect good slides to reuse.

Take a look at our templates to find specific storylines to match your needs , complete with multiple real client examples.

A crucial part of any consulting presentation is the conclusion/recommendation section. These slides outline the actions or responses required to address the situation and complication you've covered earlier in your slide deck. They often also include a suggested implementation plan and immediate next steps.

While there is generally flexibility in how you lay out your conclusion/recommendation slides, the following three guidelines will help you create effective recommendations that are easy to understand and follow:

• Groups: Group your recommendations into categories to make your reader's understanding easier.  
• Labeling: Label or number your groups and/or individual recommendations to help your reader follow the structure when you discuss your recommendations across multiple slides.  
• Active voice: Write your recommendations in active voice starting with 'action words' (verbs), such as "Grow...", "Minimize…", "Improve…", "Increase…", "Target…", "Increase…", etc.

Here are a few examples of recommendation slides from McKinsey, BCG, and Bain:

It is not uncommon for the appendix, also called backup pages, to be significantly longer than the main deck. The main deck tells the story, and the appendix contains details and all supporting evidence that might be relevant but is beyond the scope of the main storyline.

In other words, keep the storyline of the main deck as crisp and clear as possible and move all supporting documentation and details to the appendix. Here they will be out of the way but available for reference. 

Formatting tips

Presentations from top consulting firms like McKinsey, Bain, and BCG tend to feel very different and convincing compared to other corporate presentations. A part of this is the ability to effectively structure both individual slides and the full deck, which we have talked about in this post. But another part is the rigorous training in slide design and formatting details that ensure the output is of the highest quality.

Below we have gathered some common formatting tips for designing compelling and consistent slides:

Color: Color matters. Keep the color pallet simple and use bright colors selectively to draw attention to key data or insights. Create a color hierarchy and apply it consistently across your deck.  

Fonts: Pick one (or two) font types and stick to it. BCG only uses the font 'Trebuchet MS'. McKinsey’s new 2020 template uses 'Arial' for slide body content and 'Georgia' for titles and select visual elements.

Margins: Never go outside of the slide margins. Use 'Powerpoint Guides' to clearly view margins when in design view.

Titles: All titles throughout the presentation should be two lines or less and use the same font size.

Lists: Only used numbered lists if the numbers themselves are relevant (e.g. if you are ranking items). In most cases, use bullets instead of numbers.

Icons: Icons are simple but can completely transform a boring text slide when used correctly. Replace bullets with icons that represent the bullet item if your slide is otherwise relatively simple. Ideally, use icons in places where the icons ‘have meaning’ and can be used later in the presentation when referring back to or going into detail around a certain topic. Use icons in the same style and boldness. Buy access to a large premium icon set like Streamline Light or Streamline Regular if you can. https://www.streamlinehq.com/icons/streamline-light .

Align, align, align: Content on all slides should be aligned. Titles and subheadings should have the same exact position across all slides. When you flip through your slides, the position of the headline should not move, and the font size should not change. This also goes for other common repeated elements (logo, source, page number etc.), as well as similar items on a slide (column headers, graphs etc.) Using a well-designed master template is the easiest way to keep alignment accuracy.

Animations: Refrain from using fancy graphics and animations in the slides.

Slide number and source: Each slide should also have a slide number and a source in the bottom section that provides the source of the data used.

Text: Review the text on each slide to ensure that it is clear, concise, and well-structured. Eliminate unnecessary words and sentences. Keep it as simple and short as possible.

Visuals: Ensure that visuals in the form of graphs, charts, diagrams, tables, and images are high quality and add value. Add call-outs, highlights or similar wherever it makes sense to make the so-what of that visual more clear. Colors, fonts, and layout should be consistent with the rest of the presentation.

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3 Great Examples of Slide Structure from McKinsey, Bain, and BCG

By Paul Moss

Consulting firms all around the world consistently rely on the pyramid principle to build high-quality presentations with proper slide structure..

Consulting firms like McKinsey, Bain, and BCG rely on proper slide structure to communicate insights to their clients. In this post, I’ll show you exactly how they use the Pyramid Principle to structure their slides, and why it makes such a big difference in the clarity of their presentations.  

If you’re new to this blog, make sure you check out our other  consulting slide breakdowns . And when you’re ready, take a look at our advanced PowerPoint and presentation building  courses  where you can learn to create presentations like a top-tier consultant. 

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Table of Contents

What is the Pyramid Principle?

Put simply, the Pyramid Principle is just a structured way of communicating your ideas where you  start with your main point and then work your way through the supporting details of that main point.  It is represented pretty well with a pyramid because you start right at the top of the Pyramid and then move down to the bottom with more supporting details and data.

Let’s say I am trying to communicate the idea that LeBron James is my favorite player. I would first start with the main point, and then provide my three key arguments for why he is my favorite player. Then below that, I could provide supporting details for each key argument. 

In this visualization,  each idea is meant to summarize all the ideas below it.  For example, the idea that Lebron James scores a lot of points summarizes the two supporting details about his career average of 27 points per game, and him being the 3rd highest all-time scorer. 

This style of top-down communication works really well in a variety of settings, including email, face-to-face communication, and of course, PowerPoint presentations — which is what I’m going to focus on here. 

BCG Example

The first example on our list is BCG . The slide is an excellent example of the Pyramid Principle because it is well-structured and clear. The slide title says “Melbourne seen as a cultural and creative city”, which is the main point the slide creator is trying to communicate (which is why it sits at the top of the slide in bold green letters).

Then they’ve split the main point into two key arguments: “Melbourne perceived by Australians as the country’s leading cultural city” and, “International travelers also perceive Melbourne as a creative city”. Then below each subtitle, there are four supporting points that are meant to provide support. 

“Melbourne as a Global Cultural Destination” BCG

In this example the Pyramid Principle is quite easy to see. The title of the slide is the main point, the subtitles of the slide represent the key arguments, and the bullet points below that make up the supporting details and data. Each aspect of the slide fits into one of these three layers, and  everything on the slide has a purpose.

By structuring the information in this way,  BCG makes it easy for the audience to process the contents of the slide quickly and easily.  There’s no question about what they’re trying to say, or why they’re trying to say it.

With data-heavy slides like this, it can be easy for the audience to get lost — especially if they’re trying to listen to a live speaker, read the words on the slide, and think critically about the slide’s message. Even for a smart person, this can be cognitive overload.  Organizing the slide into digestible bites significantly reduces the mental load on the audience. 

McKinsey Example 

The next slide from McKinsey is also reasonably straightforward. It’s from a deck about high-growth emerging economies, which they refer to as “outperforming economies”.

The title of the slide says “A pro growth agenda of productivity, income, and demand propelled the outperforming economies”, and the slide itself shows the three areas that have propelled the growth for these emerging economies: productivity, growth, and demand. 

“Outperformers: High-growth emerging economies and the companies that propel them” McKinsey, October 2018

There’s a few data points on the slide and a nice visual in the middle to break down the three main categories, making it pretty easy to spot the different layers in the Pyramid. So obviously, just like in our last slide, the main point will be represented by the title. That is what they want us to understand and take away from the slide first.

Then next the key argument level is also pretty clear with “higher productivity”, “boosting demand”, and “strong and inclusive growth” shown in bold text within each bracket (and also mentioned in the title). Then lastly, the bottom layer of the pyramid is represented by the various bullet points within each bracket (below the key arguments).

Altogether, it makes for  a well structured slide with a clear message and clear supporting points.  Despite not be organized visually in the same way as the BCG slide, the slide is very well structured and easy to understand. 

Bain Example

Then lastly, we have a slide from Bain , and this one is slightly more complicated than the first two. The title says “Greater than 60% of growth in 2011 continues to come from new customers. However, share from existing customers improved.” The slide is all about the luxury goods market in China, and more specifically, they’re trying to show where the growth in the market is coming from.

 “China Luxury Market Study” Bain & Company, December 2011

The BCG slide was organized neatly into the left and right sections of the slide, and in the McKinsey slide they were bolded with bullet points underneath. What’s tricky about this slide however, is that  the Pyramid Principle is not clearly visible at first glance. 

The title of the slide still represents the main point, and the key arguments are not emphasized visually, but logically they’re still present. The first key argument is that growth is coming from new customers, and the second key argument is that growth is coming from existing customers. Then if you look through the body of the slide,  you’ll notice that everything falls into one of these two categories. 

In the waterfall chart for example, notice how it is split into these two categories: new customers (as represented by the red columns), and then existing customers (as represented by the dark grey columns). Then on the right hand side of the slide, each of the bullet points can fit into one of the two categories. 

For example, the first bullet says “China market is still supply driven; new store openings create new demand.” This clearly fits into the key argument about growth coming (in part) from new customers. Combined with the key argument about growth coming from existing customers,  these two provide solid logical support for the main point. 

So despite not having an easy visual layout like the previous two examples, this slide is well organized logically, and provides a nice structure that helps the audience clearly understand the main message, as well as the support for that main message. 

You can watch a video version of this article on YouTube .

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Structure Your Presentation Like a Story

• Nancy Duarte

To win people over, create tension between the status quo and a better way.

After studying hundreds of speeches, I’ve found that the most effective presenters use the same techniques as great storytellers: By reminding people of the status quo and then revealing the path to a better way, they set up a conflict that needs to be resolved.

• ND Nancy Duarte is a best-selling author with thirty years of CEO-ing under her belt. She’s driven her firm, Duarte, Inc., to be the global leader behind some of the most influential messages and visuals in business and culture. Duarte, Inc., is the largest design firm in Silicon Valley, as well as one of the top woman-owned businesses in the area. Nancy has written six best-selling books, four have won awards, and her new book, DataStory: Explain Data and Inspire Action Through Story , is available now. Follow Duarte on Twitter: @nancyduarte or LinkedIn .

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Everything You Need to Know about the People, Process, Technology Framework

By Becky Simon | June 14, 2019 (updated July 19, 2021)

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The people, process, technology (PPT) framework is changing and evolving for today’s business needs. In this article, learn how organizational change experts use this framework.

Included on this page, you'll find details on what the PPT Framework is , the best practices when implementing PPT , steps on how to use PPT to transform your organization , and a comparison of PPT and Six Sigma .

What Is the People, Process, Technology Framework?

As standalone components, people, process, and technology are necessary for organizational transformation and management. To achieve organizational efficiency, you need to balance the three and maintain good relationships among them.

As a term, people, process, and technology (PPT) refers to the methodology in which the balance of people, process, and technology drives action: People perform a specific type of work for an organization using processes (and often, technology) to streamline and improve these processes. This framework can help you achieve harmony within an organization and is most often used when deciding whether to purchase or implement new technologies. While many organizations use the PPT framework, it often applies to information technology management.

There are many ways to visualize the balance between the three elements. Some people refer to it as the golden triangle , with three equal sides. Others prefer a Venn diagram. In some models, the word tools replaces technology .

You can also think of it as a three-legged stool. If one leg is out of balance, the stool wobbles.

Some project managers use the term triple constraint to explain how the movement of one element impacts the others: If one shifts, the other two must also respond to maintain balance. No matter what you call it or how you visualize it, the key is in the balance of elements.

PPT and Business Intelligence (BI)

It is common for organizations to implement the PPT framework in the world of information security and business intelligence.

Because business intelligence (BI) involves more than just software and technology, it is important for the three elements (people, processes, and technology) to be in alignment. If proper processes are not in place, people can be ineffective and the technology could fail.

Technology is expensive and does not always offer a high return on investment, so it’s important to ensure it runs smoothly. Make sure that employees know how to use the technology you purchase — if they don’t or if the technology doesn’t integrate well with your other processes, your company won’t create value from its original investment in technology.

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The History of the People, Process, Technology Framework

The PPT framework has been around since the early 1960s, when business management expert Harold Leavitt came up with his model for creating change in an organization in a paper called “Applied Organization Change in Industry.”

This original diamond model considered four elements — people, structure, tasks, and technology — but not the interactions between them. In Leavitt’s model, people represents the workers, structure represents how a group of people is organized, tasks refer to what those people do, and technology covers the tools that people use.

Since the paper was published, some people have turned the diamond into a triangle, combining structure and tasks to create processes.

The framework went through a renaissance of sorts when computer security and privacy specialist Bruce Schneier helped make people, process, technology a near-mantra of the information security industry in the 1990s. In papers and on his radio show, he discussed the framework and its role within the information and technology field.

Best Practices for the PPT Framework

In order for the PPT framework work effectively, look at it as a guide, find your weaknesses as an organization, and start fixing them.

In an ideal situation, you want three outcomes from any project or initiative: You want to increase speed, increase efficiency, and meet or exceed expectations. Technology often makes it possible for people to do more innovative work at a quicker pace.

If you’ve already implemented the PPT framework and your organization is still not satisfied with the pace of work (or you aren’t seeing results fast enough), the problem might lie in your automation efforts. If efficiency is your problem, you might not be scaling enough with the interaction of people and the processes they complete. If you are not generating enough new value, more innovation might help.

“What I believe in is people, process, technology, but what I see is the implementation in reverse,” says Rick Morris, an experienced project manager, public speaker, best-selling author, and owner of R2 Consulting . “[I always ask clients], ‘Are you picking your projects based on what your people can achieve, or are you picking your projects based on what you can spend?’” Many companies attempt to address technology before processes, and then people — which, according to Morris, is backward

Keep in mind that there are many variations to the people, process, technology framework. Some organizations group people and process as one element, calling it people and process management . Others agree with Morris and say focus on people first, processes second, and technology last in order to ensure you have the appropriate resources in place before implementing technology.

As much as people generally understand that there needs to be a balance between the three elements they often ignore the people part in practice.

“We pay lip service to say it’s important, but on many projects, it’s the first thing that will get cut,” Schnepf explains. “As humans, we are adverse to change. We fear the unknown. It’s important to get people to understand what is expected of them and how they can be successful.”

Breaking Down the People, Process, Technology Framework

In this section, we’ll examine each of the three elements in the PPT framework.

The People Part of the Golden Triangle

The people are those who do the work — some say this is the most important part of the triangle. Without people, nothing can happen.

People are always busy, Morris says, and when working for a new client, he always asks for employee time studies. Many workers will lie on those studies, but those are usually the lowest performing percentage of employees, he explains. Instead, you should focus on the highest performing workers — the people you can’t live without. Once you know their availability, you can proceed to the process portion of the triangle.

“When you’re in a resource war, you can either wait, acquire, or redirect,” Morris says. That means either waiting for a project until the right people are available, hiring new people or consultants to do the work, or redirecting people from other projects. It’s imperative to know which one is a possibility for the project, he explains.

Morris uses an example of working at a company where the CEO came to him with a pet technology project and asked Morris when his team could complete it. Morris gave him a date range in the distant future. The CEO questioned why it would take so long. Morris replied that the people necessary were busy with five other projects, and asked the CEO which of those projects could be sacrificed for the new one. This helped the CEO understand the importance of the people and process components of the framework.

Morris says it is often necessary to stand up to leadership and question projects and deadlines. Otherwise, the top people in an organization will burn out from too much work.

Finding people with the right experience, qualifications, and attitude is a necessary step in implementing any kind of change. If you want change, tell your people what you expect and get their buy-in. Without their buy-in, it might be impossible to make an impact. Also, make sure the information flows between the right people.

“If we don’t get buy-in along the journey and we don’t consider [people’s] needs or their fears for change, you won’t get the ROI you expected,” Schnepf says. He adds that people need to see and understand how the changes will make their life easier.

If you have the right people in place, you should be able to trust them to make the right decisions for themselves and their work while following guiding principles of your company.

The Process Part of the Golden Triangle

A process is a series of actions or steps that need to happen in order to achieve a particular goal. People are ineffective without processes in place to support their decisions.

Some steps to take when you implement processes:

• Make sure people know how they fit into the workflow.
• Identify the key steps.
• Make sure the people doing the work receive proper training on the new processes.
• Provide proper instructions.
• Have a system for review in place before beginning any new process.
• Consider how you will measure the success of a process.

“What most companies don’t do when they implement a new technology is look at processes that could go away,” Morris says. Most of his clients run at about 30-40 percent waste, and eliminating unnecessary processes can reduce that percentage and therefore, increase efficiency. “In order to create a new process, we need to find two processes that can go away.”

Automation can increase consistency, but someone still needs to oversee the effort.

Morris says that arbitrary deadlines can negatively impact processes and cause people to panic about an impending deadline rather than concentrating on the work that needs to be accomplished. Often, managers pick deadlines randomly, without knowing how long processes will take. Morris says that when he asks managers why they picked certain deadlines, they often say they simply picked a date on the calendar, such as the end of a month, quarter, or budget term. That can be a mistake and put unnecessary stress on workers.

To help managers understand the value of a deadline range, Morris uses an example of a commute to work. He asked a manager how long it took him to get to work, and the answer was about 20 minutes. Morris asked if it takes exactly 20 minutes every time. The manager said the time could vary, and the shortest it ever takes is 15 minutes, while the longest about two hours because of an accident.

Morris then asked how far into the commute the manager knew what to expect for the day. The manger said he knew when he was about halfway into the drive. That’s when the manager understood that you don’t actually know how much time you’ll need until you have an understanding of all the contributing factors.

The Technology Part of the Golden Triangle

Despite its abilities, technology alone does not solve problems. Technology will not make existing problems go away without the people and processes around to support it.

Too often, companies make an investment in technology and try to retrofit the people and processes, but that is backward logic.

“I’ve seen a lot of companies spend a lot of money on technology, and then don’t use it or don’t use it correctly,” Schnepf says. She notes that when that happens, there is little or no ROI for the technology.

It’s easy to become enamored with the latest and greatest technology and the vendors who sell it, only to discover too late it does not fit your organization’s changing needs. The real value in any technology is getting the buy-in and backing to make the most of it.

Schnepf says that “technology people” need to explain how the technology will work and improve the process. “Some company cultures are better at supporting change than others,” she says. “If you make a drastic change to the technology, think of what it means to the process and the people.”

Also, don’t overcomplicate the technology. Get the systems you need up and running, and then expand from there. Doing too much at a time can overwhelm people and compromise the technology’s utility.

How to Transform Your Organization with People, Process, Technology

Many business transformation strategies concentrate on technology and processes, while almost ignoring the people involved. This is not a good strategy if you want to implement real change.

Get the buy-in you need by involving people outside of management in the decision-making processes and working toward continuous improvement. Many change efforts do not sustain themselves because they focus on short-term change instead of longer-term impacts.

Take a look both at the framework and what you need to change, and then ask yourself what is your organization’s biggest problem. Below are some examples:

• If you are not completing tasks quickly enough: Pay attention to the interaction of process and technology, and attempt to automate more.
• If you are not efficient enough: Look at the interaction of people and processes, and see what you might be failing to scale.
• If you are not creating new value: See where people and technology interact, and find out where you are failing to innovate.

Also, take a critical look at the technology you already have and make sure you are using it to its fullest potential. You might discover that your existing solutions provide utility that you haven’t even tapped into yet.

And, don’t forget your company’s culture. Take a critical look at how you communicate decisions and changes within your organization. If training is necessary, train people to be successful and to communicate.

Keep in mind how the three components of PPT interact: The people do the work; technology often helps them innovate. Strong processes can help people increase efficiency; technology can help automate these processes.

Schnepf uses an example of requesting time off at a company. If employees (people) simply messaged their bosses requesting time off and their bosses approved it, that is a process. Technology could improve and automate this process, for instance, if you invest in software that takes a leave request from an employee, checks it against current schedules and available leave balance, and automatically approves it. You can further innovate on the process by tweaking the technology to add any approved leave requests to a master employee calendar.

Some people make the mistake of concentrating too much on the processes and ignoring the people. One person using strong processes can be as effective as a dozen people using bad and inefficient processes.

“If we focus on just the process, for example, we may end up with a really good theoretical process without the people or the technology to support it,” Schnepf says.

Changes in the People, Process, Technology Framework

The people, process, technology framework has been around since the mid-1960s, but some people think this approach to organizational change is no longer useful. The digital age and the rise in the importance of technology in our lives seems to be tipping the triangle.

“It’s something I have always done, but it definitely has to be coupled with more in-depth and detailed components,” Friedenberg says. For the people portion, she uses the Prosci ADKAR (awareness, desire, knowledge, ability, and reinforcement) model. For processes, Friedenberg utilizes Lean Six Sigma , and for technology, her go-to is Agile .

As PPT has evolved over time, people are reconsidering the interactions between — and balance of — people, process, and technology. The sweet spot may no longer be an equal balance between the three.

“I don’t think it’s dead. I think it is very evergreen. No matter what else you do, you always come back to having people, process, and technology,” Schnepf says. “I think it is still relevant as a framework. It would be really hard for anyone running a successful business to not think about those three elements.”

Some suggest the PPT triangle can be a diamond once again by adding data to the mix. Data can help you determine what steps to take and how you define success or failure.

Television and online personality and billionaire business owner Marcus Lemonis has his own variation of the framework for business success. He calls it the 3 Ps ; people product, and process. Sometimes he includes a fourth P : passion.

“[People, process, technology] still fits. It just doesn’t have the depth you need to truly implement a project or change; it can’t stand alone,” Friedenberg explains.

When doing a Google search for “models for organizational change” and “frameworks for organizational change,” PPT does not even rank in the top six as a standalone model, but the components of the framework are still important. To learn more about change management, read “8 Elements of an Effective Change Management Process.”

“People, process, technology is a mindset to think through,” Morris says. He adds that it is a basis for implementing other organizational change models to projects.

How People, Process, Technology Relates to ITIL AND ITSM

Since the beginnings of Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and Information Technology Service Management (ISTM), people, process, technology has been a mantra.

The framework is very important in information security, mostly thanks to Bruce Schneier, who began talking about it in the late 1990s and continues to do so in his blog, Schneier on Security. His thoughts have changed a bit. For information security, he now says we should focus more on technology since people and processes are often unreliable.

Below is some advice about how to utilize people, process, technology in a security organization:

• Make the framework a part of your company culture.
• Train everyone on the importance of data security as it relates to their job description. This will help keep the people motivated.
• Keep information flowing throughout your organization to increase process efficiency.
• Automate security alerts to best utilize technology.

People, Process, Technology in Knowledge Management

Knowledge management is the efficient handling of information and resources within an organization. You can apply the people, process, technology framework to it.

Schnepf says PPT is very relevant to successful knowledge management. “We need the technology to ‘manage the knowledge,’ we need the people to actually use the technology [and] proactively [use] it to store and access knowledge, and we need the processes that can enable it.”

When building your knowledge management program, keep the PPT components in mind. People hold the knowledge, and they need to share it with others, especially those who make decisions. Processes should include a step document the knowledge and record information, and the technology can help store and disseminate that knowledge.

Accomplishing those pieces can create a synergy and help you find best practices that work for your organization.

How Does People Process Technology Compare to the Six Sigma 3P Approach to Quality?

Six Sigma is a bit different from the people, process, technology framework in that it emphasizes people, process, and product — the finished product takes precedence. However, Six Sigma is similar to PPT in that both emphasize the importance of training and education for every employee. In both methods, it’s also important to pick the right people.

The process part of Six Sigma calls for more intensive monitoring using a set of managerial methods that are mostly empirical and statistical. Typically, Six Sigma-certified experts within an organization implement the framework.

In the Six Sigma approach, the third pillar (product) can be a service or a manufactured good. As a general concept, Six Sigma strives toward continuous improvement in the production of products or services. Ultimately, Six Sigma aims to reduce errors in business processes by identifying the causes of these errors and creating methods to eliminate them.

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Land your dream job, use this framework for your best presentations yet.

Deborah Swerdlow

Think about the best presentations, workshops, or trainings you’ve attended—the ones that gave you new ideas, made you feel empowered or inspired, or pushed you to implement something new in the office.

None of that happened by accident. The person leading the session probably thought carefully about their goals and desired outcomes for the session. They decided what they wanted you to take away from it and then planned the content and format to achieve those outcomes.

A few years ago, a co-worker suggested the “know, feel, do” framework—a helpful approach for setting desired outcomes. As the name implies, it boils down to laying out what you want participants to know, feel, and do as a result of attending your session. I now use it for every meeting, presentation, or training that I plan.

Read on to learn what it looks like in practice, and to get some helpful tips to guide you in using this framework.

When you’re planning a presentation or training, you’ll probably have at least one (if not more) “know” statements in your desired outcomes. That’s because your expertise is the reason why you’re leading the session. For example: 

• For a presentation at your organization’s board meeting, a desired outcome could be: “I want the board members to know what we learned from the community survey and how we’re adjusting our programs in response to the feedback.”
• If you’re leading a fundraising workshop, one of your desired outcomes could be: “I want attendees to know how to craft an end-of-year fundraising strategy.”
• If you’re training volunteers on how to staff a caller hotline, a desired outcome could be: “I want participants to know the hotline protocol and understand why it’s important.”

Achieving your "know" outcomes

Many people default to giving a slide presentation when they have knowledge to share—and that’s not always bad! But you don’t want to give a slide presentation that puts people to sleep or bombards them with information they won’t remember.

To make your slide presentations more engaging, try one of these ideas:

• Incorporate interactivity, which helps people stay engaged and retain the information. For example, you can use an online tool like Kahoot! to set up a quiz or Poll Everywhere (which has a free option and four pricing levels) to set up a live poll. Pro Tip: Polls are a great way to add interactivity to virtual presentations like webinars!
• Do a PechaKucha , a timed presentation where you show 20 images, each for 20 seconds, and the slides advance automatically. This format challenges you to keep your content short (6 minutes and 40 seconds total), and it challenges your audience to pay attention as things move quickly.
• Supplement your presentation with role-playing scenarios or a worksheet to help attendees apply the information and reinforce what they learn.

The renowned poet Maya Angelou said, “I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.” 

This saying applies to interpersonal interactions and larger settings like presentations, workshops, and trainings. No matter how well you structure your session, some of the knowledge you share will eventually fade. But the feelings people experienced in your session—positive or negative—will remain vivid.

If you’re intentional about your desired outcomes and how you run the session, you can avoid instilling feelings of boredom or exasperation. Using the same three examples from above you could aspire to one of these positive “feel” outcomes:

• Board presentation: “I want board members to feel committed to the program changes we are making as a result of the community survey.”  
• Fundraising workshop: “I want attendees to feel excited about end-of-year fundraising instead of dreading it.”
• Volunteer training: “I want volunteers to feel empowered to staff the hotline during their shifts and judge how to handle each situation.”

Achieving your "feel" outcomes

If you want people to feel empowered, role-playing scenarios will also do the trick here. Part of empowerment is feeling confident in your ability to do something, so a role-play gives you a chance to do it! 

People can also feel empowered by listening to success stories from their peers. This is often more convincing than hearing a workshop leader tell them they can do something.

For other “feel” outcomes, like feeling excited or inspired, think about what makes you feel that way in a presentation or workshop. Is it hearing new ideas? Brainstorming how you’ll implement these ideas back home? Connecting with other people in the room and discussing what you’ve learned? You can also ask friends and colleagues these questions to inform how you structure your session.

In some ways, this is the entire point of your session. Ultimately, you want people to do something—whether that’s doing something new or doing something differently.

These desired outcomes don’t always include the word “do,” but they are action-oriented. For example:

• Board presentation: “I want board members to act as ambassadors in the community for the program changes we are making.”  
• Fundraising workshop: “I want attendees to revise and share their end-of-year fundraising plans with each other to receive feedback.”
• Volunteer training: “I want volunteers to complete three shifts in the next six months .

Achieving your “do” outcomes

One way to get people to do something as a result of your session is to ask them to make a commitment at the end. Writing down their commitment increases the likelihood that they’ll follow through. You can also ask people to share their commitment with someone next to them or with the full group, so others can hold them accountable to following through.

Another way to achieve these desired outcomes is to incorporate the action itself (not just the commitment) into the end of your session. For example, you can set aside a portion of the fundraising workshop for people to revise their end-of-year fundraising plan and get real-time feedback from their peers.

Make sure the content you cover—and how it's delivered—will help achieve your desired "know, feel, do" outcomes. We've got a few final tips to get you started:

• Your desired outcomes need to match the time you have—meaning that if you only have 30 minutes, you probably can’t accomplish five outcomes. If you feel like you’re trying to pack too much into the time, consider whether to de-prioritize one or more of the outcomes.
• Prepare people for the session so they know what to expect. If you have a way to communicate with attendees beforehand, you can share the desired outcomes—they don’t have to be a secret! People like knowing what they can expect from a session. This means you’ll get people in the room who want to be there and are committed to those outcomes.
• If you’re going to survey people afterward to get feedback and inform your debrief of the session , structure your evaluation to measure the desired outcomes. For example, you can ask people to rate how much they agree with one of your “know, feel, and do” statements, such as “I felt empowered about…” or “I learned…”

How will you use this framework the next time you plan a presentation, workshop, or training? Tweet at us to share your experience. 

As a nonprofit advocacy professional living in Washington, D.C., Deborah works with groups across the country to educate their communities and lawmakers about public policies that can help low-income residents make ends meet. She is passionate about helping people connect their interests to a cause they believe in and empowering them to take action.

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What Are Effective Presentation Skills (and How to Improve Them)

Presentation skills are essential for your personal and professional life. Learn about effective presentations and how to boost your presenting techniques.

At least seven out of 10 Americans agree that presentation skills are essential for a successful career [ 1 ]. Although it might be tempting to think that these are skills reserved for people interested in public speaking roles, they're critical in a diverse range of jobs. For example, you might need to brief your supervisor on research results.

Presentation skills are also essential in other scenarios, including working with a team and explaining your thought process, walking clients through project ideas and timelines, and highlighting your strengths and achievements to your manager during performance reviews.

Whatever the scenario, you have very little time to capture your audience’s attention and get your point across when presenting information—about three seconds, according to research [ 2 ]. Effective presentation skills help you get your point across and connect with the people you’re communicating with, which is why nearly every employer requires them.

Understanding what presentation skills are is only half the battle. Honing your presenting techniques is essential for mastering presentations of all kinds and in all settings.

What are presentation skills?

Presentation skills are the abilities and qualities necessary for creating and delivering a compelling presentation that effectively communicates information and ideas. They encompass what you say, how you structure it, and the materials you include to support what you say, such as slides, videos, or images.

You'll make presentations at various times in your life. Examples include:

Making speeches at a wedding, conference, or another event

Making a toast at a dinner or event

Explaining projects to a team 

Delivering results and findings to management teams

Teaching people specific methods or information

Proposing a vote at community group meetings

Pitching a new idea or business to potential partners or investors

Why are presentation skills important? 

Delivering effective presentations is critical in your professional and personal life. You’ll need to hone your presentation skills in various areas, such as when giving a speech, convincing your partner to make a substantial purchase, and talking to friends and family about an important situation.

No matter if you’re using them in a personal or professional setting, these are the skills that make it easier and more effective to convey your ideas, convince or persuade others, and experience success. A few of the benefits that often accompany improving your presentation skills include:

Enriched written and verbal communication skills

Enhanced confidence and self-image

Boosted critical thinking and problem-solving capabilities

Better motivational techniques

Increased leadership skills

Expanded time management, negotiation, and creativity

The better your presenting techniques, the more engaging your presentations will be. You could also have greater opportunities to make positive impacts in business and other areas of your life.

Effective presentation skills

Imagine yourself in the audience at a TED Talk or sitting with your coworkers at a big meeting held by your employer. What would you be looking for in how they deliver their message? What would make you feel engaged?

These are a few questions to ask yourself as you review this list of some of the most effective presentation skills.

Verbal communication

How you use language and deliver messages play essential roles in how your audience will receive your presentation. Speak clearly and confidently, projecting your voice enough to ensure everyone can hear. Think before you speak, pausing when necessary and tailoring the way you talk to resonate with your particular audience.

Body language

Body language combines various critical elements, including posture, gestures, eye contact, expressions, and position in front of the audience. Body language is one of the elements that can instantly transform a presentation that would otherwise be dull into one that's dynamic and interesting.

Voice projection

The ability to project your voice improves your presentation by allowing your audience to hear what you're saying. It also increases your confidence to help settle any lingering nerves while also making your message more engaging. To project your voice, stand comfortably with your shoulders back. Take deep breaths to power your speaking voice and ensure you enunciate every syllable you speak.

How you present yourself plays a role in your body language and ability to project your voice. It also sets the tone for the presentation. Avoid slouching or looking overly tense. Instead, remain open, upright, and adaptable while taking the formality of the occasion into account.

Storytelling

Incorporating storytelling into a presentation is an effective strategy used by many powerful public speakers. It has the power to bring your subject to life and pique the audience’s curiosity. Don’t be afraid to tell a personal story, slowly building up suspense or adding a dramatic moment. And, of course, be sure to end with a positive takeaway to drive your point home.

Active listening

Active listening is a valuable skill all on its own. When you understand and thoughtfully respond to what you hear—whether it's in a conversation or during a presentation—you’ll likely deepen your personal relationships and actively engage audiences during a presentation. As part of your presentation skill set, it helps catch and maintain the audience’s attention, helping them remain focused while minimizing passive response, ensuring the message is delivered correctly, and encouraging a call to action.

Stage presence

During a presentation, projecting confidence can help keep your audience engaged. Stage presence can help you connect with your audience and encourage them to want to watch you. To improve your presence, try amping up your normal demeanor by infusing it with a bit of enthusiasm. Project confidence and keep your information interesting.

Watch your audience as you’re presenting. If you’re holding their attention, it likely means you’re connecting well with them.

Self-awareness

Monitoring your own emotions and reactions will allow you to react well in various situations. It helps you remain personable throughout your presentation and handle feedback well. Self-awareness can help soothe nervousness during presentations, allowing you to perform more effectively.

Writing skills

Writing is a form of presentation. Sharp writing skills can help you master your presentation’s outline to ensure you stay on message and remain clear about your objectives from the beginning until the end. It’s also helpful to have strong writing abilities for creating compelling slides and other visual aids.

Understanding an audience

When you understand your audience's needs and interests, you can design your presentation around them. In turn, you'll deliver maximum value to them and enhance your ability to make your message easy to understand.

Learn more about presentation skills from industry experts at SAP:

How to improve presentation skills

There’s an art to public speaking. Just like any other type of art, this is one that requires practice. Improving your presentation skills will help reduce miscommunications, enhance your time management capabilities, and boost your leadership skills. Here are some ways you can improve these skills:

Work on self-confidence.

When you’re confident, you naturally speak more clearly and with more authority. Taking the time to prepare your presentation with a strong opening and compelling visual aids can help you feel more confident. Other ways to improve your self-confidence include practicing positive self-talk, surrounding yourself with positive people, and avoiding comparing yourself (or your presentation) to others.

Develop strategies for overcoming fear.

Many people are nervous or fearful before giving a presentation. A bad memory of a past performance or insufficient self-confidence can contribute to fear and anxiety. Having a few go-to strategies like deep breathing, practicing your presentation, and grounding can help you transform that fear into extra energy to put into your stage presence.

Learn grounding techniques.

Grounding is any type of technique that helps you steer your focus away from distressing thoughts and keeps you connected with your present self. To ground yourself, stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and imagine you’re a large, mature tree with roots extending deep into the earth—like the tree, you can become unshakable.

Learn how to use presentation tools.

Visual aids and other technical support can transform an otherwise good presentation into a wow-worthy one. A few popular presentation tools include:

Canva: Provides easy-to-design templates you can customize

Powtoon: Animation software that makes video creation fast and easy

PowerPoint: Microsoft's iconic program popular for dynamic marketing and sales presentations

Practice breathing techniques.

Breathing techniques can help quell anxiety, making it easier to shake off pre-presentation jitters and nerves. It also helps relax your muscles and get more oxygen to your brain.  For some pre-presentation calmness, you can take deep breaths, slowly inhaling through your nose and exhaling through your mouth.

While presenting, breathe in through your mouth with the back of your tongue relaxed so your audience doesn't hear a gasping sound. Speak on your exhalation, maintaining a smooth voice.

Gain experience.

The more you practice, the better you’ll become. The more you doanything, the more comfortable you’ll feel engaging in that activity. Presentations are no different. Repeatedly practicing your own presentation also offers the opportunity to get feedback from other people and tweak your style and content as needed.

Tips to help you ace your presentation

Your presentation isn’t about you; it’s about the material you’re presenting. Sometimes, reminding yourself of this ahead of taking center stage can help take you out of your head, allowing you to connect effectively with your audience. The following are some of the many actions you can take on the day of your presentation.

Arrive early.

Since you may have a bit of presentation-related anxiety, it’s important to avoid adding travel stress. Give yourself an abundance of time to arrive at your destination, and take into account heavy traffic and other unforeseen events. By arriving early, you also give yourself time to meet with any on-site technicians, test your equipment, and connect with people ahead of the presentation.

Become familiar with the layout of the room.

Arriving early also gives you time to assess the room and figure out where you want to stand. Experiment with the acoustics to determine how loudly you need to project your voice, and test your equipment to make sure everything connects and appears properly with the available setup. This is an excellent opportunity to work out any last-minute concerns and move around to familiarize yourself with the setting for improved stage presence.

Listen to presenters ahead of you.

When you watch others present, you'll get a feel for the room's acoustics and lighting. You can also listen for any data that’s relevant to your presentation and revisit it during your presentation—this can make the presentation more interactive and engaging.

Use note cards.

Writing yourself a script could provide you with more comfort. To prevent sounding too robotic or disengaged, only include talking points in your note cards in case you get off track. Using note cards can help keep your presentation organized while sounding more authentic to your audience.

Learn to deliver clear and confident presentations with Dynamic Public Speaking from the University of Washington. Build confidence, develop new delivery techniques, and practice strategies for crafting compelling presentations for different purposes, occasions, and audiences.

Article sources

Forbes. “ New Survey: 70% Say Presentation Skills are Critical for Career Success , https://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2014/09/25/new-survey-70-percent-say-presentation-skills-critical-for-career-success/?sh=619f3ff78890.” Accessed December 7, 2022.

Beautiful.ai. “ 15 Presentation and Public Speaking Stats You Need to Know , https://www.beautiful.ai/blog/15-presentation-and-public-speaking-stats-you-need-to-know. Accessed December 7, 2022.

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Home Blog Business SCQA Framework: Definition, Examples & How To Use It

SCQA Framework: Definition, Examples & How To Use It

Structuring information is just as important as gathering the required details to form a narrative. Your message should be structured to make your content easy to understand, with clarity regarding what is to be discussed. The SCQA framework by Barbra Minto provides a logical flow to structure your message. Let us show you how you can make your message more engaging using SCQA.

What is SCQA?

SCQA stands for situation, complication, question, and answer. This is a logical flow to structure your message to make it engaging for the reader. SCQA has a wide range of applications, particularly in communication-related to business.

Be it a presentation, report, email, or value proposition, using SCQA can make the message more attractive to the reader and result in a favorable outcome. For example, a potential client follows up on your call to action because the message appears compelling. Similarly, you can use SCQA to structure your pitch deck to grab the attention of a potential investor or use the framework to structure your reports to make them easier to read for the reader.

The ‘situation’ is a part of the flow of information that comes at the very beginning. This contains agreed points and information that is recognizable. This is the part where you also define the problem and state the set of facts related to the current situation. Let’s assume you are presenting a PowerPoint pitch deck for an app that tracks the customer journey to help boost sales using e-commerce platforms. In such a case the situation would include well-established facts related to e-commerce and the customer journey and the need for efficient software to track it for boosting sales.

Complication

A ‘complication’ in the SCQA framework is the problem that you are working on or the change in circumstances. It is the reason for your entire narrative. A complication can be a result of both an internal or external change. This should be well defined in the narrative.

A presenter delivering a pitch deck has a bright idea that can help solve a problem by providing a useful product or service. Similarly, a client reading a compelling ad is there because he or she wants something. In order to make a compelling case for the call to action, you need to define the problem well enough to attract the consumer.

The ‘question’ identifies your hypothesis regarding the solution. If you are presenting a pitch deck before a potential investor, you need to pose questions regarding the complication. Perhaps you have a product that can boost sales and result in a long-term profit if the investor provides you with the required funding. Maybe the product you are producing is one of a kind and the demand for it can be immense in the market. Let’s assume you need funding for your app that can provide analytics regarding the customer journey for an e-commerce website. In such a case you might want to ask questions about the efficiency of existing analytical software and how they fall short of expectations.

The ‘answer’ in the SCQA model is the response to the questions you have asked. It is important to provide compelling answers. These answers might not be the definitive truth but answers to the questions posed by you during your narrative. If you are offering investors a chance to invest in a promising venture, you cannot guarantee success but there is a good amount of chance that the investment is going to pay off.

Sticking to our example of an analytical software capable of boosting sales via e-commerce platforms, you can present your app as a solution to the question asked in the previous section. This is an example of how an answer can help structure your message using SCQA.

Barbara Minto’s Pyramid Principle and SCQA Framework

The SCQA framework was developed by Barbra Minto, who was also the developer of the Pyramid Principle. As explained in our previous post, the Pyramid Principle provides the answer at the beginning, followed by supporting arguments, which are then followed up with data and facts. This enables the audience to see the supporting argument, data, and facts in light of the hypothesis presented at the start. Allowing for a better analysis of the hypothesis itself.

The SCQA framework, unlike the Pyramid Principle, presents the answer at the very end. It begins with the current situation, the problem, the question regarding the core issue, followed by your solution for the problem. This is more of a conventional approach towards presenting your message, albeit in a more refined manner.

Examples of using SCQA to Structure Your Message

When using the SCQA framework, you can structure your message for a variety of purposes. Since the framework is widely used for business writing , it can be used in everything from your reports and PowerPoint presentations to emails, storyboards, product descriptions, and value propositions.

Using SCQA in Presentations

SCQA can be used for virtually any type of presentation, especially business presentations. Let’s say you are presenting a presentation regarding the results of a recent investment by your organization in a new market before the senior management and want to make the flow of information more structured. Using SCQA, you can start with the situation, present the complication, ask relevant questions, and provide the solution.

Example: You work for a telecom company that recently invested in a country in South Asia with a growing telecom user base. It has been a year since the investment and the company only has a 5% market share. A recent user survey has yielded some compelling results that might help the company identify the issue.

For this example, using the SCQA framework you first need to state the situation, i.e. the investment of the company in a promising market. You can also present a few key figures to show the sales performance. This will lead you towards the complication, the inability of the company to attract a sizeable number of consumers despite being in the market for a year. This will be followed by the question. In this case, a suitable question can be; ‘why aren’t consumers interested in the service of your company compared to competitors?’.

The answer can be presented at the end with a solution. In our example, a user satisfaction survey identified that competitor telecom companies have been offering more compelling rates. While many consumers rated the voice quality of the company to be better than competitors, the call and internet bundles are a bit expensive. The answer, in this case, would be to present a pricing structure that can help the company attract customers, complemented with a compelling marketing campaign that can help make the new packages a hit with customers.

Using SCQA to Structure an Email

Many people might not think much about their communication via email. However, presenting complex information in a few lines and using the right words can make a world of difference. Using the right structure and tone can save you from miscommunication and provide your message with clarity.

Example: You are writing an email that will be sent to customers who have subscribed to your monthly newsletter. You want to write something related to the new ice cream flavors your company has launched and want to encourage people to buy them.

When writing an email, be it for marketing purposes or informing customers regarding a new product, the basic structure would include stating the situation, e.g. it’s time for summer and people are looking to satisfy their ice cream cravings. The complication is that people might be tired of the old flavors and want something fresh. You can pose the question whether the customers would be interested in new and delicious flavors? The answer would be your new flavors mentioned at the end with a call to action.

Using SCQA to Improve Reports

One of the banes of reporting is the difficulty they can pose in making them cohesive and easy to understand amidst endless charts, tables, and figures. SCQA can help you uncomplicate your reports.

Example: Let’s say you have to create a report based on a consumer satisfaction survey your company conducted. Such a report can be difficult to interpret and boring for the reader under normal circumstances. By using SCQA, you can structure it to start with the basic information regarding the current situation, i.e. where does your company stand in terms of market share, revenue, and how does it currently fare in the target market. This can be followed by the issue at hand, e.g. stagnation in the market.

You can pose questions that might be relevant to the situation to ask as to why the market has stagnated for your business. The answer at the end can be the key findings from the survey, such as a dip in satisfaction of the consumers or perhaps their preference for a competitor product with more features.

Using SCQA to Write a Value Proposition or Product Descriptions for E-commerce

Value propositions or product descriptions can be structured using SCQA just like any other message. When making such a description for e-commerce, you can make use of analytical data to map the customer journey to make your description more compelling.

Example: You are an employee at an e-commerce company tasked with writing a compelling product description for PowerPoint templates sold via your website. You can start with what the product is about, i.e. premium PowerPoint templates, describe the complication. This can be the lack of quality templates for people looking to create presentations with accurate maps. Something that your company specializes in producing.

You can pose questions like; ‘are you looking for an Animated Map PowerPoint Template for a country, continent, or regions?’. This can be followed by the answer that your company provides premium, animated map templates for every country, continent, and various regions. You can mention features that make your service stand out, such as the fact that other than countries and continents, your website also provides customers access to editable map templates for EU countries, the SAARC region, the Middle East, etc.

Using SCQA for Storyboarding

The SCQA framework is pretty close to storyboarding your message to build a compelling narrative. This can be literally translated into a storyboard just as easily.

Example: You are making a storyboard for an Android app that is meant to educate children about preventive measures to take when going to school to avoid contracting COVID-19. In this case, you can describe the current state of the pandemic, the problem of living with the COVID-19 pandemic until it can be tackled in a better way with new research and medicines, pose questions around safety, and then show multiple-choice questions to test the knowledge of the user with a rating-based system. The answers revealed at each stage will be informative for the user to test how accurate their knowledge is regarding COVID-19 and preventive measures to take at school, while also revealing the answer.

SCQA PowerPoint Templates

To present the SCQA framework or to structure your message using it, you can use the following PowerPoint templates to present your content using compelling layouts, infographics, and sequential slides to explain each section of the framework. the SCQA templates listed below come with editable objects that can help you design your presentation slides with the visual aid of customizable slide layouts that can be adjusted to your liking.

Final Words

The SCQA framework can be a great way to structure your message. By using this four-step framework, you can inform the recipient of the message regarding the existing situation, the issue or complication, pose important questions, and provide a solution. The SCQA framework is not meant to provide a silver bullet to answer all questions but to offer a direction that can be further debated. Like the Pyramid Principle, SCQA can be a good starting point for important discussions, as well as a better way to identify solutions to complex problems.

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Top 9 JavaScript frameworks to create beautiful presentation slides

Presentation frameworks are tools or libraries that can help you create presentations using web technologies that you are familiar with, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Markdown, Vue, React, and more. You’ll have full control over the appearance and layout of your slides.

They allow you to export your slides as HTML files that can be viewed in any modern browser. You don’t need to install any software or plugin to view your slides. You can also share your slides online using platforms such as Slides.com, GitHub Pages, Netlify.

Reveal ( 64.2k ⭐) — An open source HTML presentation framework that allows you to create beautiful and interactive presentations using web technologies. You can use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Markdown, LaTeX, and more to create stunning slides with animations, transitions, code highlighting, and other features.

Impress ( 37.3k ⭐) — Another open source HTML presentation framework that is similar to reveal.js, but with a different approach, inspired by the idea behind prezi.com. It uses CSS3 3D transforms to create dynamic and spatial presentations that can zoom, rotate, and pan across the slides.

Sli dev ( 27.3k ⭐) — A web-based slides maker and presenter that is designed for developers. It allows you to create beautiful and interactive presentations using Markdown, HTML, Vue components, and other web technologies. You can also use features such as live coding, recording, drawing, LaTeX, diagrams, icons, and more to enhance your slides.

MDX Deck ( 11.1k ⭐) — A library based on MDX that allows you to create presentations using Markdown and React components. You can write your slides in a single MDX file and separate them with --- . You can also import and use any React component in your slides, as well as customize the theme and layout of your presentation.

Spectacle ( 9.5k ⭐) — A React-based library for creating sleek presentations using JSX syntax that gives you the ability to live demo your code, created and maintained by Formidable Labs. You can use it to create beautiful and interactive slides with animations, transitions, code highlighting, and other features.

Code Surfer ( 6.2k ⭐) — A library that allows you to create presentations using Markdown and React components. You can write your slides in a single MDX file and separate them with --- , add code highlighting, code zooming, code scrolling, code focusing, code morphing, and fun to MDX Deck slides.

WebSlides ( 6.1k ⭐) — A library that allows you to create beautiful HTML presentations and websites. Just choose a demo and customize it in minutes. 120+ slides ready to use. You can use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Markdown, LaTeX, and more to create stunning slides with animations, transitions, code highlighting, and other features.

Fusuma ( 5.3k ⭐) — A tool that allows you to create slides with Markdown easily. You can use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Markdown, Vue components, and other web technologies to create stunning slides with animations, transitions, code highlighting, and other features.

PptxGenJS ( 2.1k ⭐) — A JavaScript library that allows you to create presentations, compatible with PowerPoint, Keynote, and other applications that support the Open Office XML (OOXML) format. You can use it to generate PPTX files with just a few simple JavaScript commands in any modern desktop and mobile browser. You can also integrate PptxGenJS with Node, Angular, React, and Electron.

Common features

Presentation frameworks typically share several common features that aim to enhance the creation and delivery of visually engaging and interactive presentations. Here are some of the common features you can find:

Ease of use : They allow you to use web technologies that you are familiar with, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, Markdown, Vue, React, and more. You don’t need to learn a new software or tool to create your slides. You can also use your favorite code editor or IDE to write and edit your slides.

Nested slides : They allow you to create sub-sections or sub-topics within your presentation. You can use nested slides to organize your content, add more details, or create interactive menus.

Markdown support : Markdown is a lightweight markup language that allows you to format text using simple syntax. You can use Markdown to write your slides in a plain text editor and then convert them to HTML. Markdown makes it easy to create headings, lists, links, images, code blocks, and more.

Auto-Animate : A feature that automatically animates the transitions between slides or elements to create smooth and dynamic effects for your presentation, detect the changes between slides and animate them accordingly.

PDF export : You can use PDF export to print your presentation, share it online, or view it offline. PDF export can also preserve the layout, fonts, and images of your presentation.

Speaker notes : You can use speaker notes to prepare your speech, add additional information, or provide references. Speaker notes are usually hidden from the audience but visible to you in a separate window or screen.

LaTeX support : LaTeX is a document preparation system that allows you to create high-quality typesetting for mathematical and scientific expressions. You can use LaTeX to write complex formulas, equations, symbols, and diagrams in your presentation. LaTeX can also handle cross-references, citations, and bibliographies.

Syntax highlighted code : You can use syntax highlighted code to display your source code in your presentation. Syntax highlighted code can make your code more readable, understandable, and attractive.

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From designing one-page infographics to creating pitch decks — we cover all business-related topics and visualize data of all kinds.

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Attention to detail, proper data visualization, clear structure, embedded videos, topic-based illustrations, and easy to edit slides is what makes our presentations so unique.

Having accumulated expertise while working with teachers of different disciplines and teaching for different academic levels, we know how to deliver a presentation that will meet all your needs.

We create presentations for almost all disciplines and academic levels: from Business to Healthcare, from BA to Ph.D.

If you need to present your research in the best way, meeting all academic standards, we can help you succeed. Our designers can organize your thoughts and your research in a clear and concise way by structuring slides, creating contrast, adding charts, graphs, and other visuals.

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Frequently asked questions

How fast can you do a powerpoint presentation.

The minimum possible deadline is under 12 hours. It is best suited for small orders, such as redesigning 3-5 slides without complex graphs and visuals. Sometimes, we can fulfill a larger order but must check your instructions first. In case of such a request, please get in touch with our 24/7 support team, and they’ll tell you whether it is realistic to accommodate it before your deadline.

A 24-hour deadline is perfect for urgent orders of approximately 10 slides. However, if you need 20-40 slides done within such a period, we’ll typically divide the order among several designers who’ll follow one style to ensure design consistency.

If you’re not in a rush, the recommended deadline for standard presentations of 10-20 slides is 3-5 days . This time is enough to approve the draft with you, finalize the presentation and, if necessary, make additional changes. Remember, the longer the deadline, the lower the cost of work.

Can you redesign a presentation in a language other than English?

Yes, that’s not a problem for our professional presentation company. We have extensive experience redesigning presentations in Spanish, French, Chinese, German, and other languages. However, as long as we don’t offer translation services, the content has to be provided by you.

I'm not sure about the style. How can you help me in such a case?

You can review the completed works on our website or request our portfolio to check other work samples not available online. Also, if you have any examples of the style you like, you can provide us with a link to the website or materials or describe it in writing.

In case you have any preferences regarding the color scheme or the list of colors that should not be used, upload it with the instructions, and the designer will consider your wishes. However, if you don’t know what exactly you would like to see, you can opt for a premium business presentation design service, and our experts will prepare several design options for you to choose the one that best fits your vision.

If you have a large presentation but are not sure that the final result will satisfy you, you can first order several slides, check the result, and then assign the rest to that designer.

Can I get a draft to approve the style?

Yes, of course. For non-urgent orders of 5 or more slides, we try to provide drafts for preliminary approval by default and take into account all comments before the order is completed. Therefore, if you want an initial draft of the PowerPoint presentation design, just indicate it when placing an order.

Please note that “draft” means 2-3 redesigned pages in PDF format.

What if I don't like the draft?

Such cases are extremely rare. However, should it happen, we clarify what exactly you don’t like about the draft and offer to let another designer redo it following your comments. In most cases, this is enough to hit the target.

What if I need to change something in the completed presentation?

If these are minor changes relating to the initial instructions, we will revise the presentation to perfection at no cost. That is the main reason why we usually provide a draft for general stylistic approval. Besides, in case of large orders, we can ask you to approve the completed presentation in parts so that the final result meets your expectations.

If changes are more significant and do not pertain to the initial instructions or require extensive amendments following updated guidelines, including designing extra slides, there can be an additional payment for the designer’s time and effort.

The significant advantage of our approach is that we always try to do our best so that you remain 100% satisfied with the final product.

What about the rights to images and illustrations? What sources do you usually use?

At our ppt presentation design company, we usually use images and illustrations that are provided by the client. Other sources generally include photo stocks (both paid and free) and open sources.

If the client has special requirements regarding copyright and use of images (e.g., commercial presentation design), we can either select images/illustrations that are allowed to be used for such purposes, buy the rights for such use, or provide the client with links to rights purchase.

I'm not a native speaker. Can you proofread the content for a presentation?

Yes, we can. We have experienced copywriters and editors on our team who can proofread the content, improve it, create content based on your materials, or, if necessary, do research, collect additional information, and write content from scratch.

For such a task, we recommend choosing the “Presentation from your material” option and describing your wishes regarding proofreading.

Do you help with content writing? What exactly can you do?

Yes, we have experienced copywriters who can help with writing, adaptation, and summarizing of content, both the one provided by the client or created from scratch by our team.

Please note that it is very important to choose the right type of work for such services. Here’s a brief description of available options:

• Presentation based on your material. This option is a good fit for cases when you have all the required information and just need to adapt it to the presentation, shorten it, identify the key ideas, summarize the data, or slightly refine the content.
• Presentation from scratch. As the name suggests, this service covers writing content from the ground up. It’s a perfect option for cases when the content needs to be radically revised or rewritten. As this type of work requires research, please ensure there’s enough freely available material on the topic before placing an order for PowerPoint presentation design services. However, should the creation of a presentation need narrow expertise in a specific niche, we recommend that you submit a preliminary request so that we can confirm whether we can fulfill the order.

Is it possible to incorporate my branding into a presentation redesign?

Yes, of course. Simply mention it in the instructions and provide related materials. It can be a link to the website, brand book, previously made slides, or a logo with a note to create a presentation in similar complementary colors.

Can we sign my company's NDA, or do you have your own agreement?

Yes, we can sign your company’s NDA or provide our agreement for signing. The advantage of our NDA is that it takes less time to approve it with the legal department, and both parties can sign it within 1-2 business days.

Please note that our legal department does not work on Saturdays and Sundays, so if you have an urgent presentation that needs to be designed over the weekend, our presentation design agency can take on the work and sign the agreement after the order is completed.

To sign our NDA, we require the following information from you:

• Company name (e.g., Trust Limited)
• Country of registration (e.g., USA)
• Registration number (e.g., CS513192014)
• Address (e.g., 205 East 42nd Street, New York)
• Printed name (e.g., John Smith)
• Title (e.g., Marketing Manager)
• Email address (e.g., [email protected] )

Signing your company’s NDA can take 2-4 business days, depending on the terms of the agreement and the comments of our lawyers.

Can I pay in installments?

Certainly! You can pay for just a part of the slides, wait for us to complete them, and then order the rest from the same designer.

Can I get an invoice?

Yes, you can download the invoice from the customer area, which will become available once you place an order. Here’s where you can find it:

Alternatively, you can contact our support team , and they’ll email it to you.

SlidePeak presentation services: creating a story for your business

As an owner of a business idea, project, or service, you put a lot of time and dedication into every detail. Planning, analyzing the market, bringing a team of experts together – that’s always a tough challenge even for a seasoned pro.

So, by the time you have to pitch your huge project to investors or your target audience, you might already be quite exhausted and deeply buried in details. Recruit presentation design service to bring a fresh perspective and highlight the essentials in your custom slideshow.

Who will do my presentation content and design?

SlidePeak design services is a professional team with extensive experience in the market. We work as your partners, striving to boost your performance and provide you with the best visual representation of any project.

Who will be my copywriter? Our copywriters are experienced in producing short, on-point texts for any industry, topic, or project. They are here to make your speech memorable, well-argued, and convincing. Provide us with anything you've got – an old presentation, pieces of material, or just an inspiring idea – and they will help with crafting a whole story behind your project.

Who will be my designer? Our designers are well-trained experts in their field, able to create the best visuals of any complexity, impress your audience and make your presentation 100% engaging. They can integrate your corporate branding and your organization’s philosophy into the PPT slides, so it will be no different from in-house production. Also, if you are not sure what design style you are looking for, they can suggest options and help you choose the right style that meets your specific design needs.

Never lose your listeners’ attention with the A-level slideshow created under your custom request. Work alongside the presentation professionals and take over your target audience.

Light up the essentials with custom presentation design

Leading PowerPoint design services exist to create a solid ground for your presentation. What we do is take your brilliant idea and transform it into a well-crafted custom visual. The industry you work in, your target audience, the keynote, and your company – that’s what creates our framework. SlidePeak experts develop on-point content and perfect visuals to highlight the most important parts of your speech. Get the perfect balance of text and visuals crafted for you in due time by professional presentation design services.

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A 5-Part Framework for the Perfect Presentation

The rules in marketing have changed.

You can’t create a pretty landing page or e-book and expect to stand out. People today want to connect with people.

Being real and authentic is the only way to go in marketing today. But this doesn’t mean we’re all expressing ourselves in the same way. Some of you will feel comfortable doing selfie-style LinkedIn videos, but others will try other mediums. Authenticity looks different for every company and person.

After sharing his thoughts on authentic marketing, DG switched gears to talk about how to nail your presentations. A while back, he learned this one trick about presenting and public speaking that has completely changed the way he does presentations these days.

What is it?

It turns out that if you don’t read your slides word-for-word when you’re presenting — in other words, you actually know what you’re talking about –public speaking can be a ton easier. Since you’re not trying to memorize anything, you’ll be able to share what you know more naturally, and speak more authoritatively. The one DG shared works for everything from slide decks to blog posts and even emails. Anytime you’re stuck, you can pull this thing out.

So, if you’ve got a presentation looming in the near future, I highly recommend outlining these five points before you even open Google Slides or Keynote.

The Perfect Presentation Outline

1) tell a story.

When you tell a story, you build rapport with your listener.

But telling a story also does something far more powerful: It hooks your product or brand into a broader narrative that people will find relevant to their lives . For marketers and sales reps, this kind of storytelling is essential for humanizing your product and injecting a sense of urgency into your message.

2) Pose a problem

Once you’ve heard the story — or at least, the beginning of a strong narrative — you’ve got a person’s attention. Then it’s time to share a problem that has the potential to disrupt this broader narrative, or change the way things are done.

3) Offer a solution

…then you have to show them the way out.

4) Show examples

It’s not enough to simply share solutions. People want to see how other people like them have done it.

5) Call to action

What do you want people to do after that?

Stick to those five things, and you won’t get stuck on anything you create. Building a presentation outline using this framework is the only secret you need.

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7 Visual Frameworks for Strategy Analysis Presentation

Last Updated on March 4, 2024 by Rosemary

There are dozens of frameworks you can use for strategy analysis, from the classical SWOT model to the BCG matrix. The question is which one to choose and how to illustrate the strategy engagingly and understandably for your audience. As usual, the simplest way is the best 🙂

Transform your business presentations with our expert resources. Discover more on our business performance presentations webpage.

Frameworks for Strategy Analysis and Planning

Below is the list of key tools used for strategic management. Starting with techniques for analyzing the current business situation and market opportunities and finishing with methods for planning the next company moves:

• SWOT analysis
• Porter’s Five Forces
• Business Review
• PEST and PESTEL analysis
• SMART goals
• Roadmaps for strategy planning

Choose the strategy model that fits your market and situation. We used those models in our business, however, we are not management consultants ourselves. But as presentation designers, we can advise you on how to present the selected model using simple diagrams .

Check out those books for entrepreneurs and managers , they will help you define the strategy you need and the tools to use.

In this article, you will find various ways to show and illustrate these strategy frameworks.

1. Business Review – visual summarizing KPIs and results

Have you ever thought that financial data can be interesting and not boring? 🙂 There is a way to make financial results more interesting, show sales, production, accounting data, and other KPIs in eye-catching visual form. What is more, the solution is simple: just add a few simple shapes and change plain numbers to colorful, simple infographics. Example of  business review visual slides

If you want to find more inspiration on making similar diagrams, check this blog article “ How to Make Attractive Annual Company Review “.

2. SWOT Analysis – diagrams for understanding strong and weak points

A SWOT analysis is a useful tool for brainstorming and strategic planning. You’ll get more value from a SWOT analysis if you conduct it with a specific objective or question in mind. The crucial step is to move away from usually busy SWOT findings notes to clean and eye-catchy slides presenting all SWOT areas. Illustration of  SWOT one-pager 

Do you need to add more details to your SWOT presentation? Reuse the same graphics. A slide costs you nothing so don’t be afraid to split busy slides into several ones. You can assign a color and symbol to each of the 4 SWOT areas to identify them in your presentation.

For more inspiration on using SWOT check this article with examples of how to grab attention to all issues of SWOT presentation.  If you prefer conducting your SWOT analysis online, there are also a bunch of mobile and cloud apps for personal or company SWOT as well.

3. PEST Analysis – testing your external environment

PEST analysis is commonly used in strategic and marketing planning or product development. If you are looking for more PEST visualizations, read our article on How to create a great PEST slide or presentation.

4. Porter’s Five Forces – a framework for identifying a company’s environment

Porter’s Five Forces is a simple but powerful tool for understanding where power lies in a business situation. This model helps you understand both the strength of your current competitive position and the strength of a position you’re considering moving into.

Here are some ideas on how to present Porter’s 5 forces creatively . You may also search for a more detailed explanation of how to analyze the competitive environment in this  article.

5. BCG Matrix – identifying customer segments

BCG matrix is designed to help a business consider growth opportunities by reviewing its portfolio of products to decide where to invest, discontinue, or develop products. More ideas on how to present the BCG matrix.

6. SMART Goals – ensuring  your objectives are clear and reachable

To set effective goals, use the S.M.A.R.T. method of defining them. If you present the goals in nice eye-catching ways, you can reach better engagement by your audience. Design templates of  SMART goals  benchmark tables

If you write your plans and targets in text only, people will not be eager to read and remind them often. On the other side, if you present them in a clear aesthetic way, people will remember them longer (we wrote more about it in this blog How to make SMART goals visually engaging).

7. Roadmaps – presenting a long-term vision

A well-designed strategic roadmap is like a GPS for your business . It’s one of the best tools to lift the fog and make your vision clear for everyone on the team.

Roadmap slide deck illustration for project planning

I recommend using those five steps  (Forbes article) to create an effective long-term or short-term strategy:

• Check where you are
• Prioritize what’s important
• What to achieve
• Who will do it, who’s accountable

Once you have it, it’s time to pack it into a nice engaging presentation design. See the blog  Three Creative Ways to Do a Roadmap slide .

Whatever your planning level and context are, the visual roadmap can be one of the best weapons in your communication arsenal.

Those are seven essential tools for strategic planning and implementation. Check specific framework graphics in the infoDiagram business diagrams collection to find what you need.

You may want to create your own slides and use more models than we suggested. For this purpose, we recently created an infographics do-it-yourself collection:  Flat Infographic Presentation Templates.

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Conclusion – Make Your Strategy Visual

As you can see, all those strategy tools can be pretty easily visualized. Even if using plain simple PowerPoint shapes – 4 colorful rectangles for the matrix or a wide arrow for roadmaps.

Here’s what a professional management consultancy principal told us about using such visual frameworks in her work:

“As a management consultant, it is important for me to visually display my slides in a way that not only appeals to my clients, but also sets the quality of my work apart and gives more life to my message.”

Astrid Malval-Beharry from StratMaven Operations Consulting Firm

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What tool do you use the most in the strategic analysis? Drop us a line in the comments 🙂

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Four Effective Frameworks for Presentations

A framework is the organizing force for a presentation. It establishes an overarching vision for what the presentation is trying to achieve and gives a foundation to the story being told. A good framework will demonstrate insights by clearly displaying the problem and pointing the story towards a desired conclusion. Here are four compelling frameworks you consider for your next presentation. While this isn’t an exhaustive list, these four are the most popular frameworks that can easily be learned and incorporated.

Process Flows

A process flow is a diagram that separates the steps in a process in sequential order. Process flows are also referred to as flow charts. Process flows show the decision-making process a given persona proceeds through to receive their desired results. Two examples of process flows are the steps of the sales process (shown right) or a call flow diagram.

When using a process flow in a presentation, make sure to show the whole process at the beginning of the presentation, as an overview. Then break down your presentation to have at least one slide explaining each step. At the end of your presentation, show the whole flow again to reinforce what you have just discussed.

A lifecycle is similar to the process flow in that it shows a sequence of events. What differentiates a lifecycle from a process flow is that the lifecycle describes progression over time instead of just steps. Common lifecycles include the business lifecycle (shown right), the customer lifecycle, and the lifecycle of a sales representative.

In a presentation, the lifecycle is displayed similarly to the process flow. Begin the presentation with the big picture of the lifecycle and then devote a section of the presentation to each stage. At the end bring the lifecycle “full circle” by tying the first stage and the last stage together.

Sometimes, the story that you are trying to tell doesn’t follow a formal flow or cycle. Instead it may help to develop categories for the different sections of your presentation. For example, you may categorize your presentation by the position that individuals fall into such as Directors, Managers, and Representatives. You may also categorize your presentation in terms of various departments that the information falls under, such as the marketing department, IT department, and Sales team.

In your presentation begin by describing all the categories on one slide and what criteria falls into each category. Then spend an equal amount of time in the presentation sharing your insights for each category. Lastly, end your presentation by sharing insights that apply to multiple categories or the entire system of categories.

A model is a conceptual representation of a system. Models are composed of key concepts that help inform or simulate what the system does in real life. In a presentation the model often shows the ideal behavior for a given set of choices. One example of this is models that show the user experience on a website, or the sales representative experience in a retail setting.

Models in presentations are most effective when you discuss the entire model thoroughly at the beginning of the presentation and then dive deeper into specific aspects of the model as you proceed in the presentation.

A good framework has the ability to expand our thinking by forcing us to see problems in a new way. When a good framework is combined with Critical Devices and information design, the audience for a presentation will have an easier time understanding the significance and importance of the subject material. To dig deeper on the importance of information design in executive presentations please read our blog post here .

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People, Process, Technology: The PPT Framework, Explained

Sep 8, 2020

People, process, and technology (PPT) has been around since the early 1960s. The framework was popularized in the information security world by Bruce Schneier in the late 1990s. Most businesses used it to improve the efficiency of their employees and tools. For information technology management, most software companies use it these days.

The reason is that it helps to map the entire value stream of people, processes, and technologies. This allows high-performing teams to optimize operations and ship faster.

Learn how you can leverage the PPT framework for your organization in this blog.

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It is about the interaction between the three elements in the PPT framework. People do the work. Processes make this work more efficient. Technology helps people complete their tasks as well as automates processes. By balancing the three and optimizing relationships between people, processes, and technology, businesses can achieve organizational efficiency.

In terms of the framework, it resembles a three-legged table. If one leg is longer or shorter, the whole table loses its balance. In the same way, when technology changes, the people and processes need to be modified to accommodate the new tools as well. Technology is only as effective as the processes and people using it. For example, many businesses throw new technology and fancy tools at their problems.

Without robust processes in place, individuals within organizations will struggle to be effective and the potential value of technology will be wasted. Similarly, inadequate knowledge of technology usage can hinder a company's ability to derive value from their technological investments. Furthermore, if new technology fails to integrate smoothly with existing processes, the desired outcome may not be achieved. Conversely, if an organization becomes overly focused on perfecting their processes, they risk creating a solid plan on paper but lack the necessary personnel or technology to execute it successfully.

In this context, businesses need to find the right balance between these three crucial components. The PPT framework encourages them to think multidimensionally. But what are these three components?

In the process, "people" refer to the human resources at the firm's disposal. The people are the ones who perform the tasks.

One of the primary responsibilities is to bring on board suitable individuals. Companies must pinpoint their key personnel possessing the necessary abilities, expertise, and mindset for the specific job. Nevertheless, these essential employees are frequently occupied or engaged. Consequently, managers may have to wait for their availability, recruit new staff, transfer workers from other projects, or delegate the tasks to external consultants or agencies. These significant choices greatly impact the success of the PPT framework.

The people need clear role definitions so everybody knows their responsibilities. This will help in decision-making, technology selection, process deployment, and personnel hiring. Many businesses focus on technology and processes while almost overlooking the people involved. This is why it is crucial that the team consists of the right people with the right communication skills.

Businesses need their people to buy into them, so they know what they need to do, why they are doing it, and how the changes will affect them. It is impossible to implement any new technology or processes without the full buy-in of the people. Businesses may observe slow adoption or sub-optimal usage without the full buy-in of the people. Proper training can empower employees if necessary.

The Process

The process in the PPT framework describes the “ how ” part of achieving a particular result. How will we achieve the desired result? How do we utilize people and technology to solve business problems? Processes are repeatable actions that produce the same results regardless of who performs them.

While designing and implementing processes, you should keep the following in mind:

Understand the process, what their role is in it, and what they need to achieve is crucial. It is imperative that people understand how they fit into a process. The right instructions and training are essential. It is important that they are involved in the process design and review process.

In order to improve process efficiency, businesses should identify and focus on the key steps first. These key steps are most likely to contribute the most to the end result. Once these are in place, they can begin to tweak the finer details, special cases, and support processes.

According to business management wisdom, if you can't measure it, you can't improve it. Therefore, every process needs metrics that measure its success. Organizations must determine what metrics to track and how to measure them.

It is vital for the effectiveness of any process to have continuous feedback and improvement. Some companies spend a significant amount on hiring consultants to create elaborate processes. However, due to constant changes in technology, people, market conditions, etc., these processes can become less effective over time. Hence, it is crucial for businesses to consistently assess and analyze their processes in order to identify areas that may need adjustments. It is necessary to take action based on this feedback in order to ensure that the processes continue to provide maximum value for the company.

Technology should be considered once the people and processes are in place

The Technology

Technology provides the tools that people need to implement the process. It also helps automate certain parts of the process. Ideally, the latest and fastest technology creates the most impact. It can be very tempting to be lured in by shiny new tools. However, organizations must ensure that the technology fits into their organizational culture.

Frequently, businesses prioritize investing heavily in technology to gain a competitive edge, while overlooking the importance of their people and processes. As a result, they attempt to fit their personnel and procedures into this new technology, often with less than optimal results. It is crucial to recognize that technology alone is not enough; it must be supported by capable individuals following well-defined processes in order to produce the desired outcome. For this reason, technology should always be the final consideration after thoroughly understanding the problem, recruiting and training suitable talent, and establishing clear process requirements. If the people are not adequately trained or if the process does not effectively utilize the technology, it will not yield a satisfactory return on investment.

Using technology alone will not solve problems. Businesses need to define their objectives, define their processes, and train their employees to maximize its potential.

People, Process, and Technology: Transforming Your Organization

As previously mentioned, achieving a balance between the three components of the PPT framework is crucial. Proper management of their interactions can lead to increased operational efficiency and better resource utilization for your organization. In order to achieve this, conducting an audit of your current processes and technology is necessary. Fortunately, there are several helpful tools available such as Plutora's platform . This platform allows for comprehensive management of the entire value stream and visualization of the people, processes, and tools involved. With this complete visibility, you can obtain valuable insights to make informed improvements using data. By leveraging the PPT framework, you will be able to identify any choke points, eliminate waste, improve efficiency, and reduce time to value for your organization.

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• Identify 4 Types of Useful Presentation Framework

Framework or presentation format is made to keep the quality of the presented content in which matched to the purpose and not too overwhelming for audience. Know the four types of framework that you can use for completing your slides, read the following.

is a type of presentation which include heavy data and need to be analyzed further, such as marketing planning, advertising budget planning, and recommendation proposals (for corporates). This framework is built up with the factual data that translated into quick conclusion hence the presentation can be understood easier and tend to be meaningful for anyone in the room. You can easily use the "problem and solution" conversation along the presentation slides. The order of the framework consists of: the root of the problem - the factors of consideration - the analysis (data) - the solution / recommendation.

is a presentation type which has been prepared into conclusion (there's no further explanation how conclusion has been made) such as an annual / quarter report from a branch / manager head. A sequence of this presentation framework is started with the background of such condition, followed with the results achieved (it might be sales achievement or anything with quick comparison of last year), also conclusions and suggestions. Real example of company profile sequences with informative frameworks:

- slide company history

- slide vision and mission

- slide products / services 

- slide management profile / organization 

- slide corporate network (branch office)

- slide financial highlights (especially public companies)

- slide conclusions.

This framework aims to "sell" the ideas we present. The sequence with this framework usually begins with AIDA format (one of famous communication theory) which is raising Attention in the beginning - gaining Interest - encourages Desire - pursue audience to take Action. Start with an exciting slide show (such as the current happening issue), write down the benefits audiences can get from your product and also the Call to Action phrases like "Join Now" or "Limited Offer, Sign Up Today!" as well as phone numbers or website addresses that can be reached. You may also adding testimonials from existing client to make it more valid along with clients' logos.

This framework is somewhat similar to the informative framework, but the content is loaded with heavier information that tailored made to educate the audience (not just focusing on the promotion of the company's products / services). The exact sequence for this framework is the topic (what) - why this topic is useful (why) - what are the appropriate tips (how to) - conclusions.

Any framework that you choose, make sure it's well prepared with suitable design. DoctorSlide is ready to assist you in translating the framework with expected design as you wish.

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Disclaimer: this article originated written in Bahasa and being translated using Google Translate hence please understand if there's any mistake of tenses and/or misunderstanding that occurred. Thank you for reading!

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