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PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARISING

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Summarizing and Paraphrasing

Jul 26, 2014

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Summarizing and Paraphrasing. What’s the difference?. Summarizing. Summarizing. What Is Summarizing? Summarizing is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth noting and remembering. .

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Summarizing and Paraphrasing What’s the difference?

Summarizing

Summarizing • What Is Summarizing?Summarizing is how we take larger selections of text and reduce them to their bare essentials: the gist, the key ideas, the main points that are worth noting and remembering.

What are We Doing When We Summarize? • We strip away the extra words and examples. We focus on the heart of the matter. • We are trying to capture the main ideas and the crucial details necessary for supporting them.

What Am I Asking You To Do? • pull out main ideas • focus on key details • use key words and phrases • break down the larger ideas • write only enough to convey the gist • take concise but complete notes

The ABC’s of Writing Effective Summary Topic Sentences • A- Identify • The title of what you are summarizing • B- Select a Verb • Use a powerful verb (I will provide you a list of examples) • C- Finish your thought • What is the big picture/main idea? • Keep in mind that this is just your topic sentence and you will add the facts/details in the body of your summary paragraph.

A+B+C=Topic Sentence • A. Bad Boy: A Memoir • B. depicts • C. the life of Walter Dean Myers growing up in Harlem during the 1940’s and 1950’s. • Topic sentence= Bad Boy: A Memoir depicts the life of Walter Dean Myers growing up in Harlem during the 1940’s and 1950’s.

Paraphrasing http://www.brainpop.com/english/writing/paraphrasing/preview.weml

Paraphrasing is… • your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. • one way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. • a more detailed restatement than a summary, which focuses concisely on a single main idea.

Why Do We Paraphrase? • it is better than quoting information from an undistinguished passage. • it helps you control the temptation to quote too much. • the mental process required for successful paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning of the original.

Paraphrasing in Six Easy Steps • 1. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. • 2. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. • 3. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.

Paraphrasing in Six Easy Steps • 4. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. • 5. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. • 6. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.

See it all in action! • The original passage: Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.

Paraphrased! • A legitimate paraphrase: • In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47).

Summarized! • An acceptable summary: • Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47).

Plagiarized! • A plagiarized version: • Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes. Plagiarism =

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