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synonyms for annotated

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Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

How to use annotated in a sentence

He also included a link to an annotated list of what he considered David Allan Coe’s 50 best songs.

We created an annotated Google Colab notebook that will install Senta, download our dataset, and assign a sentiment score to each row.

The annotated topics are surfaced on the page and contribute to SEO.

For those unfamiliar with Michals, an annotated biography and useful essays are included.

Reprinted from George Orwell: A Life in Letters, selected and annotated by Peter Davison.

The resulting text is both social commentary and annotated memoir—equal parts enlightening and enjoyable but sharp throughout.

Among the materials was an annotated cartoon booklet given to my father on his 22 birthday.

Many of the objects in the show are personal notes, annotated scripts, and letters.

Signed and annotated , you will see, by her Highness's own hand.

The protest of the German professors against the alleged Allied calumnies was printed in full and annotated with sympathy.

You are quite aware of this, and those who are not, may be convinced of it by opening any page of the annotated editions.

An annotated checklist and key to the reptiles of Mexico exclusive of the snakes.

He always has a special library on some particular subject, with the books all annotated .

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Meaning of annotate in English

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• The book's annotated bibliography fills 45 pages .
• You are allowed to bring annotated copies of the novel you have been studying into the exam .
• Any attached documentation should be annotated with explanatory notes for clarification .
• Students arrive at the lecture equipped with printed notes : all they have to do is to annotate these printouts .
• He annotates and indexes a page in his notebook .
• Typically I use this program to annotate a document with my own structured content .
• Annotated data has facilitated recent advances in part of speech tagging , parsing , and other language processing issues .
• dog whistle
• malediction

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Annotate | american dictionary, examples of annotate, translations of annotate.

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philosophize

to talk for a long time about subjects such as the meaning of life

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Annotate Synonyms

Words related to annotate.

Related words are words that are directly connected to each other through their meaning, even if they are not synonyms or antonyms. This connection may be general or specific, or the words may appear frequently together.

• cross-reference
• unannotated
• hyperlinked
• bibliography

Annotate Sentence Examples

Having something on paper makes it easier to annotate .

It has attracted a dedicated coterie of regular readers who annotate his comments, often promoting lively debate.

The size of the characters used to annotate the axis and its title when Hershey fonts are selected.

Adobe Reader 7.0 is now faster and has a new feature that allows users to annotate E-mail documents created in Acrobat 7 Pro.

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Annotate Is Also Mentioned In

• anno Domini
• year-of-our-lord
• Christian era
• time immemorial

Words near Annotate in the Thesaurus

• Annona muricata
• Annona reticulata
• annihilative
• anniversaries
• anniversary
• anno domini
• annotations

Definition of 'annotated'

Annotated in american english, annotated in british english.

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Annotated Definition

Simple past tense and past participle of annotate.

• interpreted
• illustrated

Annotated Sentence Examples

He wrote books of travel, of popular biography, or of historical or political discussion, &c., from time to time; but his principal literary achievements were editions, between 1868 and 1888, of Franklin's autobiography and autobiographical writings, copiously annotated ; and of the complete works of Franklin, in ten octavo volumes (New York, 1887-1889).

In 1555 he published a new edition of Conrad Gesner's Epitome of his Bibliotheca universalis (a list of all authors who had written in Greek, Latin or Hebrew), in 1574 a new edition of the Bibliotheca itself, and in 1575 an annotated edition of the Antonine Itinerary.

Here he soon gained a position of prominence at the bar, and published an annotated edition, which long remained standard, of the laws of Ohio.

He also made a catalogue of the manuscripts at Anchin and annotated many of them.

His best work lies in his annotated editions of the older chroniclers.

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Annotated Is Also Mentioned In

• dictated-but-not-read
• nonannotated
• metalexicography
• unannotated

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unannotated

Definition of unannotated

Examples of unannotated in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'unannotated.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

1859, in the meaning defined above

Dictionary Entries Near unannotated

unannounced

Cite this Entry

“Unannotated.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/unannotated. Accessed 16 Nov. 2023.

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Cambridge Dictionary names ‘Hallucinate’ Word of the Year 2023

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A new definition of ‘hallucinate’ was one of many AI-related updates to the Cambridge Dictionary in 2023.

I expect our psychological vocabulary will be further extended to encompass the strange abilities of the new intelligences we’re creating. Henry Shevlin

This year has seen a surge in interest in generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT, Bard and Grok, with public attention shifting towards the limitations of AI and whether they can be overcome.

AI tools, especially those using large language models (LLMs), have proven capable of generating plausible prose, but they often do so using false, misleading or made-up ‘facts’. They ‘hallucinate’ in a confident and sometimes believable manner.

The Cambridge Dictionary – the world’s most popular online dictionary for learners of English – has updated its definition of hallucinate to account for the new meaning and crowned it  Word of the Year for 2023.

Hallucinating ‘false information’

The traditional definition of hallucinate is 'to seem to see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not exist, usually because of a health condition or because you have taken a drug'. The new, additional definition is :

'When an artificial intelligence (= a computer system that has some of the qualities that the human brain has, such as the ability to produce language in a way that seems human) hallucinates, it produces false information.'

AI hallucinations, also known as confabulations , sometimes appear nonsensical. But they can also seem entirely plausible – even while being factually inaccurate or ultimately illogical.

AI hallucinations have already had real-world impacts. A US law firm used ChatGPT for legal research , which led to fictitious cases being cited in court. In Google’s own promotional video for Bard, the AI tool made a factual error about the James Webb Space Telescope .

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary’s Publishing Manager, said: “The fact that AIs can ‘hallucinate’ reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical thinking skills to the use of these tools. AIs are fantastic at churning through huge amounts of data to extract specific information and consolidate it. But the more original you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go astray.

“At their best, large language models can only be as reliable as their training data. Human expertise is arguably more important – and sought after – than ever, to create the authoritative and up-to-date information that LLMs can be trained on.”

‘Profound shift in perception’ 

The new definition illustrates a growing tendency to anthropomorphise AI technology, using human-like metaphors as we speak, write and think about machines.

Dr Henry Shevlin , an AI ethicist at the University of Cambridge, said: “The widespread use of the term ‘hallucinate’ to refer to mistakes by systems like ChatGPT provides a fascinating snapshot of how we’re thinking about and anthropomorphising AI. Inaccurate or misleading information has long been with us, of course, whether in the form of rumours, propaganda, or ‘fake news’.

“Whereas these are normally thought of as human products, ‘hallucinate’ is an evocative verb implying an agent experiencing a disconnect from reality. This linguistic choice reflects a subtle yet profound shift in perception: the AI, not the user, is the one 'hallucinating.' While this doesn't suggest a widespread belief in AI sentience, it underscores our readiness to ascribe human-like attributes to AI.

“As this decade progresses, I expect our psychological vocabulary will be further extended to encompass the strange abilities of the new intelligences we’re creating.”

Addressing hallucinations – if they can ever be fully fixed – may define the future success and uptake of generative AI.

Engineers and academics around the world, including at OpenAI, Google, and Microsoft, are working to limit AI hallucinations through ‘grounding’, with LLM outputs cross-checked against reliable sources or web searches. Some are working on ‘reinforcement learning from human feedback’, using people to help tackle hallucinations and work out how they can be predicted and eliminated.

What else captured the 2023 zeitgeist?

Several other words experienced spikes in public interest and searches on the Cambridge Dictionary website . They included:

Implosion 1) The act of falling towards the inside with force; 2) A situation in which something fails suddenly and completely.

The tragic case of the Titan submersible’s implosion led many to look up the definition.

Ennui A feeling of being bored and mentally tired caused by having nothing interesting or exciting to do.

The notorious French robber Rédoine Faïd blamed “ennui” for his helicopter jailbreak: “The ennui provoked the escape… My addiction to liberty has consumed me.”  Ennui was also the Wordle answer on 5 June 2023.

Grifter Someone who gets money dishonestly by tricking people.

Public figures were controversially accused of being 'grifters', including Prince Harry and Megan Markle (by a Spotify executive) and Nigel Farage (by Coutts bank).

GOAT Abbreviation for Greatest Of All Time: used to refer to or describe the person who has performed better than anyone else ever, especially in a sport.

The Qatar World Cup provoked new debates about who is the GOAT in football: Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo, or one of the late greats like Pelé or Diego Maradona?

New words, new meanings  

Cambridge lexicographers added more than 6,000 new words, phrases and senses in 2023 to the Cambridge Dictionary’s 170,000+ English definitions.

Beyond hallucinate, several additions reflect rapid developments in AI and computing, such as:

Prompt engineering In artificial intelligence, the process of designing prompts that will give the best possible results.

Large language model A complex mathematical representation of language that is based on very large amounts of data and allows computers to produce language that seems similar to what a human might say.

GenAI Abbreviation for generative AI : the use or study of artificial intelligences that are able to produce text, images, etc.

Train In machine learning, to create or improve a computer representation of a system or process by supplying it with data.

Black box A system that produces results without the user being able to see or understand how it works.

Other noteworthy additions to the Cambridge Dictionary in 2023 include:

Shadowban An act of a social media company limiting who can see someone's posts, usually without the person who has published them knowing.

Vibe check An act of finding out how someone is feeling or how they make you feel, or what the mood in a particular place or situation is.

Water neutral (Of a building development, business, etc) not using more water than was used in an area before it was built or established, or not removing more water than it replaces.

Pick up what someone is putting down (US) to understand what someone means by their words, music, etc.

Affrilachian An African American who comes from or lives in the region of Appalachia in the eastern United States.

Range anxiety The fear that an electric vehicle will not have enough battery charge to take you where you want to go to.

UBI Abbreviation for universal basic income: an amount of money that is given regularly to everyone or to every adult in a society by a government or other organisation and that is the same for everyone.

Newly emerging words that are being considered for entry are shared every Monday on the Cambridge Dictionary blog, About Words .

About Cambridge Dictionary

With over 2.3 billion pageviews and over 420 million visitors per year, Cambridge Dictionary is the world’s most popular website for learners of English, and is the world’s largest free online dictionary by pageviews. It draws on the Cambridge English Corpus – a database of over 2 billion words – covering both British and American English.   The Cambridge Dictionary is completely free of charge. Its rich dictionary, thesaurus and grammar resources such as quizzes and word lists are all informed by Cambridge’s expert research in language. Uniquely, the Cambridge Dictionary allows users to toggle easily between British and American English definitions.

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‘Hallucinate’ chosen as Cambridge dictionary’s word of the year

The psychological verb gained an extra meaning in 2023 that ‘gets to the heart of why people are talking about artificial intelligence’

Cambridge dictionary’s word of the year for 2023 is “hallucinate” – a verb that gained an additional meaning this year.

The original definition of the chosen word is to “seem to see, hear, feel, or smell” something that does not exist, usually because of “a health condition or because you have taken a drug”. It now has an additional meaning, relating to when artificial intelligence systems such as ChatGPT, which generates text that mimics human writing, “hallucinates” and produces false information.

The word was chosen because the new meaning “gets to the heart of why people are talking about AI”, according to a post on the dictionary site. Generative AI is a “powerful” but “far from perfect” tool, “one we’re all still learning how to interact with safely and effectively – this means being aware of both its potential strengths and its current weaknesses”.

The dictionary added a number of AI-related entries this year, including large language model (or LLM), generative AI (or GenAI), and GPT (an abbreviation of Generative Pre-trained Transformer).

“AI hallucinations remind us that humans still need to bring their critical thinking skills to the use of these tools,” continued the post. “Large language models are only as reliable as the information their algorithms learn from. Human expertise is arguably more important than ever, to create the authoritative and up-to-date information that LLMs can be trained on.”

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Henry Shevlin, an AI ethicist at the University of Cambridge, said that it is “striking” that rather than choosing a computer-specific term like “glitches” or “bugs” to describe the mistakes that LLMs make, the dictionary team decided on a “vivid psychological verb”. He said that this may be because “it’s so easy to anthropomorphise these systems, treating them as if they had minds of their own”.

Shevlin also said that this year will probably be the “high watermark of worries” about AI hallucinations because AI companies are making efforts to curb the frequency of mistakes by drawing on human feedback, users are learning what kinds of tasks to trust LLMs with, and models are becoming increasingly specialised.

The dictionary provides two usage examples of “hallucinate” as it relates to AI: “LLMs are notorious for hallucinating – generating completely false answers, often supported by fictitious citations” and “The latest version of the chatbot is greatly improved but it will still hallucinate facts.”

Cambridge’s decision follows Collins dictionary naming their word of the year “AI” .

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• Artificial intelligence (AI)
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Hallucinate is Cambridge Dictionary AI-inspired word of 2023

• By Katy Prickett
• BBC News, Cambridge

Image source, Reuters

The definition was added after a year-long surge in interest in generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Bard and Grok

Hallucinate is the Cambridge Dictionary's word of the year, as it gains an additional definition in one of many AI-related updates in 2023.

The traditional definition is to "to seem to see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not exist".

It now includes "when an artificial intelligence (AI) hallucinates, it produces false information" .

AI ethicist Dr Henry Shevlin said it was "a snapshot of how we're thinking about and anthropomorphising AI".

Image source, EPA

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said humans still need to use "critical thinking" because AI can indeed hallucinate

Dr Shevlin, from the University of Cambridge, said: "Inaccurate or misleading information has long been with us, of course, whether in the form of rumours, propaganda, or fake news.

"Whereas these are normally thought of as human products, hallucinate is an evocative verb implying an agent experiencing a disconnect from reality.

"This linguistic choice reflects a subtle yet profound shift in perception: the AI, not the user, is the one hallucinating."

The definition was added after a surge in interest in generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Bard and Grok.

A US law firm used ChatGPT for legal research, which led to fictitious cases being cited in court, Cambridge Dictionary said.

Image source, Getty Images

AI can be used to suggest content which websites think users might enjoy

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said: "The fact that AIs can hallucinate reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical thinking skills to the use of these tools.

"AIs are fantastic at churning through huge amounts of data to extract specific information and consolidate it - but the more original you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go astray."

Prompt engineering, large language model and GenAI were among about 6,000 new words and definitions also added in 2023.

Baseball, power and war - 2022's key words

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• The A-Z of AI: 30 terms you need to understand artificial intelligence

Words which experienced spikes in the online dictionary's searches included the word implosion, after the Titan submersible's implosion in June , and GOAT, an abbreviation for "greatest of all time".

The Qatar World Cup provoked debates about who was the GOAT in football, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo or one of the late greats like Pelé or Diego Maradona.

The dictionary is published by Cambridge University Press & Assessment, part of the University of Cambridge.

Follow East of England news on Facebook , Instagram and X . Got a story? Email [email protected] or WhatsApp 0800 169 1830

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Cambridge Dictionary crowns word of 2023 - and shares its updated meaning

The word is 'hallucinate' and the new definition relates to how artifical intelligence produces false information - it comes after a year-long surge in interest in generative AI tools like ChatGPT

• 09:29, 15 Nov 2023
• Updated 09:30, 15 Nov 2023

Cambridge Dictionary has revealed it word of the year for 2023 and says it comes with a new definition thanks to the rise of artificial intelligence (AI).

The word is 'hallucinate' and the new definition relates to how AI produces false information. AI hallucinations, also known as confabulations, sometimes appear confusion or not making sense. However, it can also appear entirely plausible, even while being factually inaccurate or ultimately illogical.

The traditional understanding of 'hallucinate' is to seem to see, hear, feel or smell something that does not exist, usually because of a health condition or because you have taken a drug.

However the new additional definition being added to the Cambridge Dictionary is: "When an artificial intelligence (= a computer system that has some of the qualities that the human brain has, such as the ability to produce language in a way that seems human) hallucinates, it produces false information."

It comes after a year-long surge in interest in generative AI tools like ChatGPT , with public attention shifting towards the limitations of AI and whether they can be overcome.

AI tools, especially those using large language models, have proven capable of generating plausible prose, but often do so using false, misleading or made-up 'facts'. They 'hallucinate' in a confident and sometimes believable manner.

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said: "The fact that AIs can 'hallucinate' reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical thinking skills to the use of these tools. AIs are fantastic at churning through huge amounts of data to extract specific information and consolidate it. But the more original you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go astray.

"At their best, large language models can only be as reliable as their training data. Human expertise is arguably more important - and sought after - than ever, to create the authoritative and up-to-date information that LLMs can be trained on."

AI hallucinations have already had real-world impacts. A US law firm used ChatGPT for legal research which led to fictitious cases being cited in court. And in Google's own promotional video for its chatbot Bard, the AI tool made a factual error about the James Webb Space Telescope. The new definition illustrates a growing tendency to anthropomorphise AI technology, using human-like metaphors as we speak, write and think about machines.

Dr Henry Shevlin, an AI ethicist at Cambridge University, said: "The widespread use of the term 'hallucinate' to refer to mistakes by systems like ChatGPT provides a fascinating snapshot of how we're thinking about and anthropomorphising AI. Inaccurate or misleading information has long been with us, of course, whether in the form of rumours, propaganda or 'fake news'.

"Whereas these are normally thought of as human products, 'hallucinate' is an evocative verb implying an agent experiencing a disconnect from reality. This linguistic choice reflects a subtle yet profound shift in perception: the AI, not the user, is the one 'hallucinating.'

"While this doesn't suggest a widespread belief in AI sentience, it underscores our readiness to ascribe human-like attributes to AI. As this decade progresses, I expect our psychological vocabulary will be further extended to encompass the strange abilities of the new intelligences we're creating."

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Hallucinate is Cambridge Dictionary AI-inspired word of 2023

• Published 18 hours ago

Hallucinate is the Cambridge Dictionary's word of the year, as it gains an additional definition in one of many AI-related updates in 2023.

The traditional definition is to "to seem to see, hear, feel, or smell something that does not exist".

It now includes "when an artificial intelligence (AI) hallucinates, it produces false information" .

AI ethicist Dr Henry Shevlin said it was "a snapshot of how we're thinking about and anthropomorphising AI".

Dr Shevlin, from the University of Cambridge, said: "Inaccurate or misleading information has long been with us, of course, whether in the form of rumours, propaganda, or fake news.

"Whereas these are normally thought of as human products, hallucinate is an evocative verb implying an agent experiencing a disconnect from reality.

"This linguistic choice reflects a subtle yet profound shift in perception: the AI, not the user, is the one hallucinating."

The definition was added after a surge in interest in generative AI tools like ChatGPT, Bard and Grok.

A US law firm used ChatGPT for legal research, which led to fictitious cases being cited in court, Cambridge Dictionary said.

Wendalyn Nichols, Cambridge Dictionary's publishing manager, said: "The fact that AIs can hallucinate reminds us that humans still need to bring their critical thinking skills to the use of these tools.

"AIs are fantastic at churning through huge amounts of data to extract specific information and consolidate it - but the more original you ask them to be, the likelier they are to go astray."

Prompt engineering, large language model and GenAI were among about 6,000 new words and definitions also added in 2023.

Baseball, power and war - 2022's key words

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• The A-Z of AI: 30 terms you need to understand artificial intelligence

Words which experienced spikes in the online dictionary's searches included the word implosion, after the Titan submersible's implosion in June , and GOAT, an abbreviation for "greatest of all time".

The Qatar World Cup provoked debates about who was the GOAT in football, Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo or one of the late greats like Pelé or Diego Maradona.

The dictionary is published by Cambridge University Press & Assessment, part of the University of Cambridge.

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Word of the Day

Word of the day.

repeated from the beginning (used as a musical direction).

Why Dictionary.com chose da capo

More about da capo.

• Da capo entered English around 1715–25.
• Da capo comes from Italian and literally means “from the head.”
• You may hear da capo used in music with al fine , which means “to the end” as in, da capo al fine .
• In sheet music, da capo is often abbreviated d.c. and can also be used with al coda , meaning “to the tail.”

EXAMPLES OF DA CAPO

• The violinist knew she would have to go on playing the song through again da capo  until the guest of honor appeared.
• That particular piece of music sounded better when played da capo al fine .

a residual hill or mountain standing well above the surface of a surrounding area.

Why Dictionary.com chose monadnock

More about monadnock.

• Monadnock entered English around 1735–45.
• Monadnock came from the name of Mount Monadnock in New Hampshire.
• Mount Monadnock was first named Grand Monadnock after an Algonquian name from one of the Abenaki peoples’ languages that meant “isolated mountain.”

EXAMPLES OF MONADNOCK

• Hikers flock to the monadnock , eager to conquer its towering peak and experience its rugged beauty.
• As I reached the top of the monadnock , I couldn’t help but marvel at nature’s ability to shape such impressive landforms.

to totter or stagger.

Why Dictionary.com chose dacker

More about dacker.

• Dacker  was first recorded in 1625–35.
• Dacker  is primarily used in Scotland and Northern Ireland.
• Dacker  possibly came from the early Dutch word  daeckeren , which means “to flutter, vibrate.”

EXAMPLES OF DACKER

• As the hiker reached the summit, exhaustion took over, and they began to  dacker  down the steep slope.
• The toddler, still unsteady on his feet, would  dacker  and stumble as he tried to walk across the room.

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