apa citation 13th documentary

Holman Library

Sociology: Film Analysis: 13th

• Strategize Your Search
• Find, Evaluate and Cite Your Sources
• Evaluate Your Sources
• Film Analysis: 13th
• Film Analysis: Crips and Bloods
• Film Analysis: Chasing Heroin
• Film Analysis: Inequality for All
• Film Analysis: The Stanford Prison Experiment
• Film Analysis: Where to Invade Next
• Topic: Evolution of Crime and Deviance

Search Tips

Potential search words.

Consider the following themes from the film "13th"

• incarceration OR prison OR jail OR corrections
• prisoners OR convicts OR inmates
• prison industrial complex
• school to prison pipeline
• institutional racism
• ​prison labor
• incarceration racism
• ​incarceration poverty
• incarceration families
• ​incarceration rate
• ​private prison
• ​urban policy imprisonment
• children of prisoners
• prisoners' families
• ​public safety imprisonment

Film Analysis

Conducting your film analysis.

Use the search words, library databases, and selected sources below to support your analysis of the following film.

• 13th (film)

Source: " 13TH | FULL FEATURE | Netflix " by Netflix , is licensed under a Standard YouTube License.

Find Background Info, Books, Articles and Audio Video to Support your Ideas

• First, Find Background Info
• Then, Find Books, Videos, Articles
• Always Evaluate Your Sources!
• Finally, Cite Your Sources
• Anytime, Get Help from the Librarians

Why Background Info?

An overview or background info of your broad topic area helps you understand:.

• what the  key issues  are and how you may want to refine your topic
• who the  stakeholders  are (the groups or individuals this topic concerns)
• a  context  of how your topic relates to the other issues that surround it
• a  historical perspective  on your topic
• specialized vocabulary  or search words that are used in your field (you will use these words for searches later in your research process)

How? Click on the library databases below and type Broad Search Words  relating to your topic, such as: mass incarceration

Click on the next tab above ("Then find books, videos, articles") to dig deeper and focus your search.

Finding Sources

How to find books, videos and articles .

• Click on the Holman Library One Search  below and Combine Search Words  relating to your topic, such as: mass incarceration racism justice
• In the Left-Hand Column of the search results page, Filter your search by...
• Peer-reviewed Journals ...to give you scholarly analysis or scientific research on a very specific area of your topic
• Books / Book Chapters ... to give you an in-depth analysis of the complexity of your large topic
• Newspapers ...to give you facts or up-to-date info on your topic
• Audio Visual ... to provide first-hand accounts of participants or to view the topic from a documentary angle

Tips: How to Use the Holman Library One Search

Searching Online

You can also use Google Scholar or Google Books to find sources:

• Google Books Advanced Search
• Google Scholar Google Scholar allows you to search the web for peer-reviewed article and book citations. You can use these citations to track down the items at Green River or request them by Interlibrary Loan.

If you can't find the full text of an article or book (through library databases or through Google Scholar or on the web), you can request it through Interlibrary Loan.  Through this service, you can usually get copies of articles in 3-4 business days and books in 8-10 days. CLICK:

• Interlibrary Loan (ILL) Request books and articles from other libraries using ILL

Example Searches

Look at the the example searches listed below to learn how to better search holman library's "one search" catalog.

(Click below to enlarge image)

• First, you will likely need to perform several searches with different search words
• search #1 = online dating
• search #2 = internet dating
• search #3 = dating websites
• search #4 = online dating culture
• search #5 = online dating norms
• search #6 = "internet daters" attitudes
•  Next, filter by "Reference Entries to give you basic background about your topic.
• Then filter by different source types - Peer-reviewed, Books and Audio Visual can be helpful types of sources
• Results may include online sources AND hardcopy sources available on library shelves

Evaluating Sources

Use the Evaluation Criteria Below to Evaluate the Quality of Your Source.

• If your source does not satisfy these criteria, you may want to find a different, more reliable source
• Does the source list a publication or “last updated” date? Where?
• How current must information for your topic be? Why?
• Is older, historical info important for your topic? Why?

Reliability

• Where do the source’s facts or info come from? How can you tell?
• Does your source take the time to go through a review or editing process before it is published?  How do you know?
• What are the author’s or organization’s qualifications, credentials, expertise, affiliations, experience?
• Is the author an authoritative person or organization? What makes the author “authoritative” for your topic?
• Why is this info being published? To inform, teach, sell, entertain, persuade, other? How did you determine this?
• Does the publisher/sponsor have biases?  How did you determine this? Is bias acceptable for your topic?

Using NoodleTools to Cite

Log in or create your free student account with NoodleTools using the link below and easily create and store citations.

• Citations Research Guide A research guide for citing sources in APA, MLA, Chicago, and other citation styles

Learning More About Citations

Vide the video and information below to learn more about why citing is so important!

Source: "Citations: The How and Why of Citing Sources" by Holman Library is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

• Intro and Welcome (length=2:31)
• Locate the Citation Guide (length=1:09)
• Citation Basics (Quick Overview) (length=3:10)
• Why Cite Sources & How to Avoid Plagiarism (length=5:42)
• Create Citations: Basic Format (“Quick Guide”) Method (length=7:38)
• Create Citations: Generator Method (“NoodleTools”) (length=10:02)
• Synthesizing Sources (length=4:52)
• Other Citation Info: Annotated Bibliographies, Formatting Papers, Verbal Citations, Images in Projects (length=2:47)
• How to Get Help (length=1:16)

To find video segments in the "Contents" area: Click the carrot or the arrow at the bottom of the video player Example:

(click to enlarge image)

• Place in-text citations in the body of the paper to acknowledge the source of your information.  This is meant to be a shortened version of the full citation that appears on the final page of your paper.
• Place full citations for all your sources on the last page entitled References or Works Cited (different citation styles require different titles).  Full citations are meant to provide readers with enough information so that they can locate the source themselves.
• APA or MLA are citation styles.  Each has different guidelines for how source information (author, title, year...etc.) should be formatted and punctuated for both in-text citations and for the References or Works Cited pages

Librarians are always available to help you!

View the video below to learn more about how the librarians can help you

Contact us:

• Library Reference Desk Hours

• Ask a Librarian Get help in-person, by email, phone, or 24/7 chat from a librarian!

Search Strategies

Search strategies .

• use words in your assignment prompts and readings as search words
• brainstorm synonyms for search words. Example: hunger = famine, starvation
• brainstorm broader search words. Example: a broader search word for "hunger" = food insecurity
• brainstorm narrower search words. Example: a narrower search word for "developing countries" = Bangladesh
• plan to search in different search tools (try several library databases, the internet..etc.)
• in each tool:
• First, try broad searches, such as: famine
• Then, combine words to narrow and focus searches, such as famine "third world" "genetically modified foods"

(click on image to enlarge)

• Combine search words with AND to narrow your search. Example: hunger AND developing countries
• Put quotation marks around words to find phrases. Example: "genetically modified foods"
• Use OR to find synonyms for words and concepts. Example: hunger OR famine
• Option: Click "full text" to limit results to full text articles
• Option: Click "peer-reviewed" or "scholarly" to limit results to scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles

Selected Sources - 13th

• << Previous: Evaluate Your Sources
• Next: Film Analysis: Crips and Bloods >>
• Last Updated: May 11, 2024 7:55 PM
• URL: https://libguides.greenriver.edu/sociology

Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite “Thirteen” (movie)

Apa citation.

Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.

If you need more information on APA citations check out our APA citation guide or start citing with the BibguruAPA citation generator .

Hardwicke, C. (2003). Thirteen . Fox Searchlight Pictures.

Chicago style citation

Formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style 17 th edition. Simply copy it to the References page as is.

If you need more information on Chicago style citations check out our Chicago style citation guide or start citing with the BibGuru Chicago style citation generator .

Hardwicke, Catherine. 2003. Thirteen . United States: Fox Searchlight Pictures.

MLA citation

Formatted according to the MLA handbook 9 th edition. Simply copy it to the Works Cited page as is.

If you need more information on MLA citations check out our MLA citation guide or start citing with the BibGuru MLA citation generator .

Hardwicke, Catherine. Thirteen . Fox Searchlight Pictures, 2003.

Other citation styles (Harvard, Turabian, Vancouver, ...)

BibGuru offers more than 8,000 citation styles including popular styles such as AMA, ASA, APSA, CSE, IEEE, Harvard, Turabian, and Vancouver, as well as journal and university specific styles. Give it a try now: Cite Thirteen now!

Movie details

• Free Tools for Students
• APA Citation Generator

Free APA Citation Generator

Generate citations in APA format quickly and automatically, with MyBib!

🤔 What is an APA Citation Generator?

An APA citation generator is a software tool that will automatically format academic citations in the American Psychological Association (APA) style.

It will usually request vital details about a source -- like the authors, title, and publish date -- and will output these details with the correct punctuation and layout required by the official APA style guide.

Formatted citations created by a generator can be copied into the bibliography of an academic paper as a way to give credit to the sources referenced in the main body of the paper.

👩‍🎓 Who uses an APA Citation Generator?

College-level and post-graduate students are most likely to use an APA citation generator, because APA style is the most favored style at these learning levels. Before college, in middle and high school, MLA style is more likely to be used. In other parts of the world styles such as Harvard (UK and Australia) and DIN 1505 (Europe) are used more often.

🙌 Why should I use a Citation Generator?

Like almost every other citation style, APA style can be cryptic and hard to understand when formatting citations. Citations can take an unreasonable amount of time to format manually, and it is easy to accidentally include errors. By using a citation generator to do this work you will:

• Save a considerable amount of time
• Ensure that your citations are consistent and formatted correctly
• Be rewarded with a higher grade

In academia, bibliographies are graded on their accuracy against the official APA rulebook, so it is important for students to ensure their citations are formatted correctly. Special attention should also be given to ensure the entire document (including main body) is structured according to the APA guidelines. Our complete APA format guide has everything you need know to make sure you get it right (including examples and diagrams).

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's APA Citation Generator?

Our APA generator was built with a focus on simplicity and speed. To generate a formatted reference list or bibliography just follow these steps:

• Start by searching for the source you want to cite in the search box at the top of the page.
• MyBib will automatically locate all the required information. If any is missing you can add it yourself.
• Your citation will be generated correctly with the information provided and added to your bibliography.
• Repeat for each citation, then download the formatted list and append it to the end of your paper.

MyBib supports the following for APA style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

• Plagiarism and grammar
• Citation guides

Cite a Film

Don't let plagiarism errors spoil your paper

Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

• Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
• Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
• Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
• Book: What have reviews said about it?
• What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
• Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
• Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
• Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
• Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
• Are there ads?
• When was the source published or updated? Is there a date shown?
• Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
• Does the source even have a date?
• Was it reproduced? If so, from where?
• If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission? Copyright/disclaimer included?
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Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / How to Cite a Movie in APA

How to Cite a Movie in APA

Movies are a great source of information for many different types of papers. In this guide, you will learn how to write citations for various types of movies using APA 7th edition format.

Guide Overview

In this guide, you will find the following information:

Citing a movie

Citing a movie in another language, troubleshooting.

It doesn’t matter how you watched the movie (e.g., DVD, on a streaming service, in the theater, etc.), you cite all movies the same way as shown below.

APA movie citation structure:

Director Last Name, F.M. (Director). (Release Year). Title of motion picture [Film]. Studio.

Note:  If you cannot locate certain bibliographic data from the film’s cover, consult IMDB.com or a similar website.

APA movie citation example:

Ayoade, R. (Director). (2011). Submarine [Film]. Film4 Productions.

In-text citations for movies

Parenthetical citation: (Ayoade, 2011)

Narrative citations: Ayoade (2011)

Note: If no director cannot be identified, someone in a similar role can be credited in the director’s place as the author. 

When a film is in another language, simply include the translation in brackets after its original title. If the film’s title is in a language that does not use the Roman alphabet, transliterate the title.

Last name, F. M. (Director). (Year of release). Original title in sentence case  [Translated in title case] [Film]. Studio.

Derbez, E. (Director). (2013). No se aceptan devoluciones [Instructions not included] [Film]. Pantelion Films.

Structure: (Last name, date, timestamp [hour: minute: second])

Parenthetical citation: (Derbez, 2013, 1:15:38)

Narrative citations: Derbez (2013, 1:15:38)

Solution #1: Specifying editions of a movie

While you do not need to specify how you watched a movie, it is sometimes necessary to include the version or edition of the film in brackets next to the word “Film.”

Structure & Example:

Director Last Name, F. M. (Director). (Release Year). Title of motion picture [Film; Edition description]. Studio.

Lucas, G. (Director). (1983). Star wars episode V: The empire strikes back [Film; widescreen 2-disc special edition]. 20th Century Fox.

APA Formatting Guide

APA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Multiple Authors
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Parenthetical Citations
• Reference Page
• Sample Paper
• APA 7 Updates
• View APA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all APA Examples

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To cite a movie or film in APA style, it is important that you know some basic information such as the director’s name, the year, the full movie title, and the production company’s name. The templates for in-text citations and a reference list entry of a movie or film and their examples are given below:

In-text citation template and example:

Director Surname (Year)

Joon-ho (2006)

Parenthetical:

(Director Surname, Year)

(Joon-ho, 2006)

Reference list entry template and example:

Surname name, F. M. (Director). (Year). Movie title [Film]. Production Company.

Joon-ho, B. (Director). (2006). The host [Film]. Chungeorahm Film Sego Entertainment.

To cite a movie in APA style on your reference page, it is important that you know the name of the director, release date of the movie, title of the movie, and name of the production company.

In the in-text citation, use the movie director’s surname along with the release date. If you are including a direct quote, you should also include the time stamp for the beginning of the quotation. Templates and examples for the in-text citation of a movie are given below.

Director’s Surname (release date)

Stephenson (1999)

(Director’s Surname, release date)

(Stephenson, 1999)

With a Direct Quote:

“Quote” (Director’s Surname, release date, time stamp)

“I can work harder” (Stephenson, 1999, 1:05:42).

APA Citation Examples

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APA Citation Guide: Streaming Video & Digital Media

• Books & eBooks
• Journal Articles
• Class Notes, Lectures & Presentations
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
• Personal Communication (Interviews, Emails)
• Social Media
• Artificial Intelligence & Chatbots
• Streaming Video & Digital Media
• When Information is Missing
• When Cited in Another Source
• Paraphrasing
• Reference List & Sample Paper
• Annotated Bibliography

ON THIS PAGE

• Streaming Video from a Library Database (Films on Demand, Kanopy)
• Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name known 
• Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name unknown
• Streaming Movie from a Subscription Media Website (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, etc.)
• DVD with Named Producer, Director or Writer 
• Movie with Unknown Producer, Director and/or Writer 

Television Series Episode

Podcast episode, streaming video from a library database (films on demand, kanopy).

Name of Company/Organization that Provided Content or Creator's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. if known. (Director). (Year video was created, Month Day if known).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Streaming Service.

Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name known

Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video]. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. URL

According to APA 7, the person who posted/uploaded the video is credited as the author.

Streaming Video from a Website (YouTube, Vimeo, etc.) - Poster's Name unknown

User name that posted the video. (Year video was posted, Month Day).  Title of video  [Video]. Name of Website. URL

According to APA 7, the person who posted the video is credited as the author.

Streaming Movie from a Subscription Media Website (Netflix, Amazon Prime, Hulu, etc.)

Director's Last Name, First Initial, Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year of Publication). Title of Movie [Film]. Production Company.

Only specify how you watched a film (on DVD, streaming service, etc.) when it is important to indicate a specific version. Put this information in square brackets following the word, "Film" and a semicolon. If there is more than one director, use (Directors) instead, and separate their names with commas, adding an ampersand (&) before the final director's name. If the director is unknown, credit someone in a similar role (Producer / Writer) and put the title in parentheses after their name.

DVD with Named Producer, Director or Writer

Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if given. (Director). (Year DVD was produced).  Title of DVD  [Film; optional descriptive information if DVD is a unique version]. Production Company.

In general, you don't need to cite the format of a movie. However, include it if the information you are citing can be found only in that particular format or edition (e.g. special features or commentary).  

Movie with Unknown Producer, Director and/or Writer

Title of movie  [Film]. (Year movie was produced). Production Company.

When the Director, Producer and/or Writer is not known, start the citation with the movie title.

Writer's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Writer), & Director's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Director). (Year the episode was originally aired, Month Day if known). Title of episode (Season Number, Episode Number) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer's First Initial. Last Name (Executive Producer),  Television series name.  Production Company . 

Include the writer and director for the episode and put their job title in parentheses after their names. If one person did both jobs, use (Writer & Director).

Cite the URL for the log-in page instead of the URL for the actual movie. Omit the URL if the TV episode was viewed on cable television rather than online.

Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Role in the production e.g. Host, Director, Producer) (Year podcast was released, Month Day if given). Title of podcast episode: Subtitle if given (episode number if known) [Audio podcast episode]. In  Title of Podcast . Publisher. URL if known

TED Talk from the TED website

Presenter Last Name, First intial. Second Initial if Given. (Year Talk was delivered, Month Day if given). Title of Talk: Subtitle if given  [Video]. TED Conferences or TED Connects. URL

When the TED Talk comes from TED’s website, use the name of the speaker as the author.

Provide as specific a date as possible; in the example, the year, month, and day are available.

Include the description “[Video]” in square brackets after the title of the talk.

Credit TED Conferences or TED Connects as the publisher and then provide the URL.

TED Talk from YouTube

When the TED Talk is on YouTube, list the owner of the YouTube account (here, TED) as the author to aid in retrieval.

Provide as specific a date as possible.

Credit YouTube as the publisher of the TED Talk and then provide the URL.

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• Next: Websites >>
• Last Updated: Mar 18, 2024 3:15 PM
• URL: https://liu.cwp.libguides.com/APAstyle

Citation Guide

• Annotated Bibliographies
• Citing Articles (APA)
• Citing Books (APA)
• Citing Other Resources (APA)
• Citing Online Resources
• Citing Articles (MLA)
• Citing Books (MLA)
• Citing Other Resources (MLA)
• Which Style to Use?
• Avoiding Plagiarism

More ways to get in touch

• Email [email protected]
• Call 410-777-2456
• Text 410-246-4212

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Please note.

In a Bibliography, Works Cited list, or References list, your citations should be:

• double-spaced and
• in alphabetical order .

Navigation for this page

• Conference events
• Artwork on this page
• Video and audio on this page
• Online video and audio on this page
• Personal communications on this page

Citing conference events

Conference sessions and presentations.

Presenter(s). (Date or Date range of conference).  Contribution title [Format; e.g., Paper presentation, Poster presentation, etc.]. Conference Name, City, State/Province (if any), Country. https://doi.org/... (if given)

Walker, M. (2020, February 27-29). Coming out with a bang: Creating a successful product launch . Black Women Tech Talk, New York, NY, United States.

Citing artwork

Creator(s). (Year of artwork).  Title of artwork  (if untitled, describe artwork in brackets) [Medium]. Repository of Artwork, City, State/Province (if any), Country. 

Kusy, W. (1994). Lusitania  [Toothpicks]. The American Visionary Arts Museum, Baltimore, MD, United States. 

Citing online artwork

Artwork in library databases.

(Cite the same as artwork).

Kahlo, F. (1948). La columna rota [The broken column] [Painting]. Museo Dolores Olmedo, Mexico City, Mexico.

Artwork from websites

(Cite the same as artwork). URL

Sherald, A. (2018). First Lady Michelle Obama  [Painting]. Smithsonian Institution National Portrait Gallery, Washington, DC, United States. https://npg.si.edu/object/npg_NPG.2018.15

Citing video and audio materials

Director(s) (if unknown, use other named role(s), like Host(s), Guest Expert(s), etc.). (Year of release). Title [Medium]. Country of origin: Studio or distributor.

DuVernay, A. (Director). (2016). 13th  [Film]. Kandoo Films.

Cunliffe, M. (Director). (2014). The science of measurement  [Film; educational DVD]. Big Wave Productions; BBC; Athena Learning; RLJ Entertainment.

Television series

Executive Producer(s). Series title [TV series; when relevant, description of version and/or format]. Production Company; if two or more, separate with semicolon(s).

Hardy, T., Scott, R., Marshall, L., Crowe, K., Baker, D., Knight, S., & Lesinski, T. (Executive Producers). (2017-present). Taboo  [TV series]. Scott Free London; Hardy Son & Baker.

Episodes of television series

Writer(s), & Director(s). (Broadcast or copyright date). Episode title (Season, Episode numbers) [TV Series episode]. In Producer(s), Series title.  Production Company; if two or more, separate with semicolon(s). 

Murphy, R. (Writer), and Mock, J. (Writer & Director). (2018, July 8). Love is the message (Season 1, Episode 6) [TV series episode]. In R. Murphy, B. Falchuk, N. Jacobson, B. Simpson, A. M. Woodall, S. Marsh, & S. Canals (Executive Producers), Pose . Color Force; Brad Falchuk Teley-Vision; Ryan Murphy Television; Fox 21 Television Studios; FXP.

Music albums

Recording Artist(s). (Year of release). Album title [Album; when relevant, description of version and/or format]. Label; if two or more, separate with semicolon(s).

DiFranco, A. (1995).  Not a pretty girl  [Album]. Righteous Babe.

Songs or tracks

Recording Artist(s). (Year of release). Song title [Song]. On Album title  (if any). Label; if two or more, separate with semicolon(s). 

Berninger, M., & Bridgers, P. (2019). Walking on a string [Song]. Dead Oceans.

The Notorious B.I.G. (1997). Mo money mo problems [Song]. On Life after death.  Bad Boy Records; Arista.

Citing online video and audio

Films and tv episodes in library databases.

(Cite the same as films and broadcast TV episodes).

Culpepper, M. & Draper, N. (Directors). (2005). Bachelor farmer  [Film]. Stick Pony Rodeo Productions.

Rowley, R. (Writer & Director). (2018, November 20). Documenting hate: New American nazis (Season 37, Episode 10) [TV show episode]. In R. Rowley, A. C. Thompson, K. Hajj, J. Soohen, N. Verbitsy (Producers),  Frontline. Midnight Films.

Uploaded videos (to YouTube, Vimeo, Instagram, etc.)

Person or group who uploaded the video [screen name, if any]. (Date).  Video title [Video]. Website. URL

Singh, L. (2017, June 8).  A geography class for racist people  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/8WfEkXvGQhY

TEDx Talks. (2018, March 6). Sheila Sarem: The social capital gap  [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/z9kHCO7xbYQ

TED Talks from the TED website*

Speaker(s). (Date). Title of talk  [Video] TED Conferences. URL

Lee, D. N. (2019, April). How hip-hop helps us understand science  [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/danielle_n_lee_how_hip_hop_helps_us_understand_science

*If, instead, the talk is on a TED or TEDx YouTube channel, cite it as a YouTube video.

Audio and video podcast episodes

Host(s) or Executive Producer(s). (Date). Title of episode (Episode number, if given) [Audio or Video podcast episode]. In Podcast title . Production Company, if any. URL, if known

Britt, M. A. (2019, April 4). An introduction to cross cultural psychology [Audio podcast episode]. In  The psych files . http://www.thepsychfiles.com/2019/04/ep-322-an-introduction-to-cross-cultural-psychology

Digital versions of speeches, readings, interviews, etc.

Speaker(s) or Interviewee(s). (Date). Title,  if any [Description, e.g., Interview, Reading video recording, Speech audio recording, etc.]. Digital Repository; Parent Organization, if any. Website, if different than Repository/Organization. URL

Wilson, M. (1987, January 30). Off the record interview with Mary Wilson, 1987-01-30  [Interview]. Joe Smith Collection; Library of Congress. https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mbrsrs/mbrsjoesmith.1836013

Online slideshows (PowerPoint, Prezi, etc.)

 Author(s). (Date). Presentation title  [Description, i.e., PowerPoint slides, Prezi slides, etc.]. Website. URL

Le Meur, E. (2017, January 11). How to think like a startup [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/loiclemeur/how-to-think-like-a-startup 

Citing personal communications

Personal communications include emails, letters, text and direct messages, telephone and in-person conversations, interviews, and any other unrecoverable, unarchived sources. Because they are difficult to recover, they are not listed in bibliographies and references pages; instead, they are cited in-text only . Example:

(E. A. Champlin, personal communication, May 3, 2017)

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APA Film Citation

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How to Cite a Movie/Film in APA

If you were wondering how to cite a movie in APA format, you’re in luck! Use the following guide to cite a film/movie using the APA citation format. We also provide style guides for the MLA and Chicago styles. To have your bibliography or works cited list automatically made for you, check out our free APA citation maker .

Once you’re finished with your citations, we can also help you with creating an APA title page .

Citing a film or movie in APA

   Producer, A. (Producer), & Director, A. (Director). (Release Year). Title of motion picture [Motion Picture]. Country of Origin: Studio.

   Bender, L. (Producer), & Tarantino, Q. (Director). (1994). Pulp fiction [Motion Picture]. United States: Miramax.

Citing a YouTube video in APA

   Author, A. [screename]. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL

   Smith, Rick. (2013, September 20). Favre to Moss! . [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOP_L6hBjn8

Notes: When citing a video from YouTube, keep in mind:

• Screen names are more prominent that actual names on YouTube. If you come across a user whose real name isn’t available, use only their screen name without brackets.

Citing a YouTube channel in APA

   Author, A. OR Screen name. (n.d.). Home [YouTube Channel]. URL of YouTube channel

   The Art of Photography. (n.d.). Home . [YouTube Channel]. https://www.youtube.com/user/theartofphotography

Notes: When citing a channel from YouTube, keep in mind:

• YouTube channels are undated. You will always use “n.d.” for “no date”.

Citing a YouTube comment in APA

   Commenter’s Last Name, First Initial OR Commenter’s Username. (Year, Month Day). Title of comment OR up to first 20 words. [Comment on the video “Title of video”]. YouTube . URL of YouTube video

    Kanoot. (2020). One of the most informative things I’ve watched on Youtube – thanks!. [Comment on the video “Sharpness”]. YouTube . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rV4uXfWy-eU

For more information on how to cite in APA, check out Cornell .

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An in-text citation in APA, in general, includes only the surname(s) of the author(s) and the publication year. The author, or contributor, of an audiovisual work depends on the type of medium. For a film, the name of the director should be used in the author’s place. Therefore, to cite a film in the text, you need to include the director’s surname and the publication year. It is not necessary to include the film name in in-text citations.

Below you will find templates and examples of how to format an in-text citation for a film in APA style.

Narrative: Director’s Surname (Year)

Parenthetical: (Director’s Surname, Year)

Narrative: Cameron (1997)

Parenthetical: (Cameron, 1997)

For an in-text citation for a comment on YouTube, use the commenter’s name (their username or ideally, their real last name) and the year in which the comment was made.

(Last Name, Year)

(Username, Year)

(Dikshit, 2003)

(Angel CityGirl, 2022)

To provide a reference list entry for a film in APA style, use the director’s name, the year the film was released, the title of the film, and the production company. Use the following format to cite a film in a reference list in APA style:

Director’s Last Name, First Initial. (Director). (Year). Name of the film [Film]. Production Company Name.

Wheldon, J. (Director). (2012). The Avengers [Film]. Marvel Studios.

Per APA guidelines, when citing an entire YouTube channel, include the channel’s name and/or the name of the person who runs the channel, the channel’s URL, and a retrieval date for when the channel was accessed. Since the information on the channel may change, “n.d.” should be used in the date field. You should also include “YouTube channel” in square brackets following the name of the channel page you are citing.

The templates and examples below show how to cite a YouTube channel in a reference list in APA style.

Channel Name [Username (if different from channel name)]. (n.d.). Name of page/tab  [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Uploader’s Last Name, First Initial. [Username]. (n.d.). Name of page/tab [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL

Chegg. (n.d.). Home [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved February 14, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/user/CheggChannel

Fogarty, M. [Grammar Girl]. (n.d.). Playlists [YouTube channel]. YouTube. Retrieved February 14, 2022, from https://www.youtube.com/c/grammargirl/playlists

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In-Text Citations

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