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Properly setting default external PDF reader in emacs org-mode

My default PDF viewer is Evince and I'm running Linux Mint 15 with Cinnamon. If, for instance, I double-click a PDF file on my Desktop, it opens in Evince as expected.

In my org-file-apps variable I have the line ("\\.pdf\\'" . default)) . However, when I open a file: link in org-mode, ever since I installed Okular, it uses that instead. Why is this happening and how can I fix it?

• Which desktop environment are you using? Cinnamon? Mate? Gnome? –  terdon Sep 12, 2013 at 16:26
• Cinnamon. Problem solved but I still wonder what "default" got hijacked by Okular. Emacs documentation says the following about the default setting, but it's completely over my head: Use the default application for this file type, which is the association for t in the list, most likely in the system-specific part. This can be used to overrule an unwanted setting in the system-specific variable. –  Brian Z Sep 12, 2013 at 20:37
• Likely installing Okular has triggered an entry here: wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Default_applications#XDG_standard –  Christian Herenz Dec 21, 2016 at 12:42
• 1 See also xdg-open configuration insights at Configuring Org-mode to open PDFs with evince - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange –  nealmcb Aug 2, 2019 at 12:19

Presumably Okular has registered itself as the "default" somewhere; where and how depends on your desktop environment.

In any case, and assuming you don't wish to uninstall Okular, you can point Emacs to the PDF viewer of your choice by doing M-x customize-variable RET org-file-apps RET , then choosing "Command" as the value type for the cdr of the cons cell whose car is \.pdf\' , and setting the value to the command you want to run (in this case evince ). Or, if you set org-file-apps outside of Customize, just replace default with e.g. "evince" , to run that command; see C-h v org-file-apps or M-x describe-variable RET org-file-apps RET for more details on how to set these values.

• 2 Thanks... The documentation in emacs for org-file-apps actually gives a few different examples of commands using evince, and I eventually figured out the one I needed was evince %s . –  Brian Z Sep 12, 2013 at 20:34

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org-file-apps

Next: Using Links Outside Org , Previous: External Links , Up: Hyperlinks   [ Contents ][ Index ]

4.5 Handling Links ¶

Org provides methods to create a link in the correct syntax, to insert it into an Org file, and to follow the link.

The main function is org-store-link , called with M-x org-store-link . Because of its importance, we suggest to bind it to a widely available key (see Activation ). It stores a link to the current location. The link is stored for later insertion into an Org buffer—see below. The kind of link that is created depends on the current buffer:

For Org files, if there is a ‘ <<target>> ’ at point, the link points to the target. Otherwise it points to the current headline, which is also the description.

If the headline has a ‘ CUSTOM_ID ’ property, store a link to this custom ID. In addition or alternatively, depending on the value of org-id-link-to-org-use-id , create and/or use a globally unique ‘ ID ’ property for the link 28 . So using this command in Org buffers potentially creates two links: a human-readable link from the custom ID, and one that is globally unique and works even if the entry is moved from file to file. The ‘ ID ’ property can be either a UUID (default) or a timestamp, depending on org-id-method . Later, when inserting the link, you need to decide which one to use.

Pretty much all Emacs mail clients are supported. The link points to the current article, or, in some Gnus buffers, to the group. The description is constructed according to the variable org-link-email-description-format . By default, it refers to the addressee and the subject.

Here the link is the current URL, with the page title as the description.

Links created in a BBDB buffer point to the current entry.

For IRC links, if the variable org-irc-link-to-logs is non- nil , create a ‘ file ’ style link to the relevant point in the logs for the current conversation. Otherwise store an ‘ irc ’ style link to the user/channel/server under the point.

For any other file, the link points to the file, with a search string (see Search Options in File Links ) pointing to the contents of the current line. If there is an active region, the selected words form the basis of the search string. You can write custom Lisp functions to select the search string and perform the search for particular file types (see Custom Searches ).

You can also define dedicated links to other files. See Adding Hyperlink Types .

When point is in an agenda view, the created link points to the entry referenced by the current line.

From an Org buffer, the following commands create, navigate or, more generally, act on links.

Insert a link 29 . This prompts for a link to be inserted into the buffer. You can just type a link, using text for an internal link, or one of the link type prefixes mentioned in the examples above. The link is inserted into the buffer, along with a descriptive text 30 . If some text was selected at this time, it becomes the default description.

All links stored during the current session are part of the history for this prompt, so you can access them with UP and DOWN (or M-p , M-n ).

Completion with TAB helps you to insert valid link prefixes like ‘ http ’ or ‘ ftp ’, including the prefixes defined through link abbreviations (see Link Abbreviations ). If you press RET after inserting only the prefix, Org offers specific completion support for some link types 31 . For example, if you type f i l e RET —alternative access: C-u C-c C-l , see below—Org offers file name completion, and after b b d b RET you can complete contact names.

When C-c C-l is called with a C-u prefix argument, insert a link to a file. You may use file name completion to select the name of the file. The path to the file is inserted relative to the directory of the current Org file, if the linked file is in the current directory or in a sub-directory of it, or if the path is written relative to the current directory using ‘ ../ ’. Otherwise an absolute path is used, if possible with ‘ ~/ ’ for your home directory. You can force an absolute path with two C-u prefixes.

When point is on an existing link, C-c C-l allows you to edit the link and description parts of the link.

Open link at point. This launches a web browser for URL (using browse-url-at-point ), run VM/MH-E/Wanderlust/Rmail/Gnus/BBDB for the corresponding links, and execute the command in a shell link. When point is on an internal link, this command runs the corresponding search. When point is on the tags part of a headline, it creates the corresponding tags view (see Matching tags and properties ). If point is on a timestamp, it compiles the agenda for that date. Furthermore, it visits text and remote files in ‘ file ’ links with Emacs and select a suitable application for local non-text files. Classification of files is based on file extension only. See option org-file-apps . If you want to override the default application and visit the file with Emacs, use a C-u prefix. If you want to avoid opening in Emacs, use a C-u C-u prefix.

If point is on a headline, but not on a link, offer all links in the headline and entry text. If you want to setup the frame configuration for following links, customize org-link-frame-setup .

When org-return-follows-link is set, RET also follows the link at point.

On links, mouse-1 and mouse-2 opens the link just as C-c C-o does.

Like mouse-2 , but force file links to be opened with Emacs, and internal links to be displayed in another window 32 .

Push the current position onto the Org mark ring, to be able to return easily. Commands following an internal link do this automatically.

Jump back to a recorded position. A position is recorded by the commands following internal links, and by C-c % . Using this command several times in direct succession moves through a ring of previously recorded positions.

Move forward/backward to the next link in the buffer. At the limit of the buffer, the search fails once, and then wraps around. The key bindings for this are really too long; you might want to bind this also to M-n and M-p .

The Org Id library must first be loaded, either through org-customize , by enabling id in org-modules , or by adding ‘ (require 'org-id) ’ in your Emacs init file.

Note that you do not have to use this command to insert a link. Links in Org are plain text, and you can type or paste them straight into the buffer. By using this command, the links are automatically enclosed in double brackets, and you will be asked for the optional descriptive text.

After insertion of a stored link, the link will be removed from the list of stored links. To keep it in the list for later use, use a triple C-u prefix argument to C-c C-l , or configure the option org-link-keep-stored-after-insertion .

This works if a function has been defined in the :complete property of a link in org-link-parameters .

See the variable org-link-use-indirect-buffer-for-internals .

This page needs attention!

Org-mode is an Emacs mode for note keeping, project planning, TODO lists and authoring. It is included from Emacs 22.1 onward as default.

Org-mode’s manual , compact guide , the community maintained Worg (which includes tutorials , ideas, code snippets, Org Syntax , etc.,) and can be accessed at its homepage . Paperback manual is also available. There is also This month in Org which summarizes interesting developments from the Org mode mailing list.

• Outlines: headlines, TODO items, checklists, numbered lists, searching, filtering
• Filing: outlines, tagging, refiling, archiving, sorting, flexible enough to build a “getting things done” workflow
• Timestamp: deadlines, clocking in/out, scheduled items, repeating items, optionally integrated with emacs calendar and diary
• Markup: bold, italic, lists, links, images, math (via LaTeX ), code highlighting
• Links to URLs, files, gnus, rmail, vm, news, wanderlust, bbdb, irc, shell commands, bookmarks, images, attachments
• Table: editing, spreadsheets, formulas
• Export: HTML, LaTeX , Markdown, iCalendar, OpenDocument , Beamer slides, PDF, and more via an extensible exporting system
• Babel: Literate programming, reproducible research, OrgModeSQL
• Agenda: Overview of scheduled and TODO items across files

Download and Install

The development version is at:

There is a Ubuntu repository with the latest for non-cvs Emacs. Add the following to your /etc/apt/sources.list :

Texts and resources on using org-mode

• David O’Toole has written a general tutorial with screenshots. It has been translated into Chinese , French , Hungarian , Japanese and Korean .
• Worg has many tutorials on specific features. Charles Cave has written on using date and times. Bernt Hansen describes his use and customizations of Org-mode in 70(!) pages long document , which assumes basic familiarity with Org.
• One of the major influences in 2006/2007 on task organization has been the book Getting Things Done (GTD). Using Org-mode for GTD has been described by Charles Cave and a modest example configuration has been given here .
• Eric Neilsen has a cookbook of Org configuration snippets .
• Bernt Hansen wrote about lots of things you can do with Org .
• Org category
• A graphical map for learning Org .
• using org as a basic day planner
• Tony Aldon's posts , some of which explain the inner workings of OrgMode
• John Wiegley wrote about – Using Org mode as a day planner
• Peter Prevos wrote about – Taking notes with org-mode and org-roam
• Phil Newton wrote about – How I get work done with Emacs including OrgMode and Projectile
• The r/emacs and r/org-mode reddit channels are also worth searching through for OrgMode related resources since many announcements take place there: https://www.reddit.com/r/emacs/search/?q=org-mode
• r/emacs thread on Literate programming] with examples of folks using Org-mode for research.
• Video series on using 'Scimax' (Emacs starterkit) by jKitchin
• Videos on using OrgMode and related packages by jKitchin
• How to set up an Emacs init configuration that’s organized with org-mode and use-package: YouTube video , GitHub repository - by Daniel Mai
• OrgMode basics - by Protesilaos (48:31)
• Org mode by Rainer König
• Uncle Dave's Org-mode tutorials
• EmacsMuse : Managing websites - DavidEsposito
• Emacs for writers (1:01:06)
• System Crafters have playlists related to Org mode
• Straightforward Emacs - OrgMode playlist - Covers topics like exporting, foot notes and citations and more
• Mike Hamrick talk on Literate Programming SeaGL 2023
• Org mode based literate configuration by Protesilaos

You can publish to HTML using ‘C-c C-e h’ , or you can use BhlMode for LaTeX or HTML output. Just switch modes before exporting ( ‘M-x bhl-mode’ ). BhlMode should automatically recognize the asterisks as marking sections and subsections. See EmacsOutlineToHtml for other alternatives.

org-publish.el (this comes in the latest version of org-mode) by DavidOtoole is a publishing management system for creating websites composed of all the files within a project (including OrgMode files, images, and source code, if desired).

new exporter/publish framework

• The New Org-mode Exporter Framework - As of release 8.0, Org-mode has transitioned to a new export framework, authored primarily (entirely?) by Nicolas Goaziou…
• For instructions on how to upgrade from the previous Org-mode exporter, see the upgrade guide.

Themes for HTML output

Obviously, default HTML output does not look nice at all. Here are some themes you can use:

• https://github.com/thi-ng/org-spec – which is basically just one css file . No external dependencies, looks great .
• Modifying the structure of the HTML output is also fairly straight forwards. https://gileschamberlin.wordpress.com/2020/02/25/writing-a-new-org-mode-exporter-back-end/#more-64

If you’re using WindMove , CuaMode or MTorus (with default keybindings), you might want to disable the Org Mode keybindings for Shift+arrow keys:

(This need to be done before org.el is loaded, or requires a restart of Emacs to be effective.)

This will result in the following replacements:

• S-RET → C-S-RET
• S-up → M-p
• S-down → M-n
• S-left → M--
• S-right → M-+

If AllOut from Emacs 21 is loaded before org.el, you will be getting a Wrong type argument ((keymapp nil)) error. This was fixed in Emacs 22.

If you are forced to use Emacs 21, either install a newer version of allout.el, or make sure that org.el is loaded before allout.el. For example, use (require 'org) before requiring allout.

If you’re using session.el ( EmacsSession ), you need to excempt a circular data structure from saving:

If you’re using Emacs 23 and Org 7.5, then you can also have some pseudo-compatability while maintaining CUA support with Lisp : org-cua-dwim.el

External Data Sources

If you publish external sources to org mode agenda files, you’ll need to refresh those files after changes occur. Try this snippet to reload those files.

Add-ons and other files

• Lisp : org-mairix.el integrates Org mode with mairix email search.
• outline-magic.el by CarstenDominik can be used to obtain the feel of org-mode outline navigation when you use OutlineMode or OutlineMinorMode in other types of files (for example, source code.)
• GIT:org-w3m.el – Copy and paste from w3m buffer to OrgMode .
• org-evil provides integration with Evil .
• Display Appointments Using OSD on Gnome
• A small Perl script that will convert data to orgmode format from PlannerMode format.
• Lisp : org-assoc-tags.el Allow user to have list of associated tags, that are automatically assigned to the item.
• inlimg.el in nXhtml (> v 1.88) lets you display images inline in org files.
• FreeMind lets you import/export between org-mode and freemind file format.
• mobileorg ( home page ) is an iPhone and iPod Touch application for storing, searching, viewing and editing Org-mode files
• OrgOutlook lets you integrate with Microsoft Outlook
• OutlookFlagToOrgTask exports emails flagged in Outlook to an Org file.
• Lisp : org-table-comment.el provides orgtbl-mode (via orgtbl-comment-mode) support for modes that don’t support block comments.
• Lisp : org-occur-goto.el allows you to jump quickly anywhere in your open org buffers using a dynamic version of the multi-occur interface
• Lisp : org-search-goto.el a variant of the above package which supports matching multiple substrings given in any order
• Lisp : org-search-goto-ml.el a variant of the above package which supports matches across line boundaries in the whole entry
• For those who track their time using org-mode (in macosx): org-clock-statusbar-app
• https://github.com/JHeiner/BabelRoot contains code that runs
• org-babel-execute asynchronously in a term-mode buffer.
• org-jira – connecting OrgMode and Jira.
• org-menu – Provides a handy transient menu for easily discovering and accessing org-mode related commands. Nifty for inserting source blocks, navigation and several other goodies.
• org-super-links package to create backlinked org headings using org-id. This facilitates a zettelkasten system.
• OrgMode can be used in conjunction with other modes like HowmMode , and packages listed in CategoryPersonalInformationManager .

Related elisp code

Dragging urls.

This function uses org-mode support for plain list to facilitate dragging URLs from a webbrowser (or other apps) to an org-mode buffer:

Including all org files from a directory into the agenda

Turn header lines into apparent visible separators.

To make header lines more apparently visible in the buffer, set them a background color and change this part of ‘org-set-font-lock-defaults’ , so that the header line is drawn across the screen:

The only change is the `\xa’ character is added before the last closing paren. This feature has been added to org-mode; see ‘org-fontify-whole-heading-line’ .

Following Links

To follow links with RET, rather than a 2 key combo:

You can also make TAB follow links in a similar way.

Opening pdf at specific page

To open links of type [~/test.pdf::3] i.e. open file at page 3:

Opening pdf with alternative application

To open a link with a program other than the default(e.g. modify a pdf rather than read it):

Sort a column in an Org Table

Org-Mode provide org-table-sort-lines C-c ^ to sort all the table lines based on a column. But sometime one need to sort just one column :

Editing Wikipedia

Org Mode can be easily configured to help edit Wikipedia articles by changing outline-regexp in the mode hook:

If you use WThreeM , add the following instead:

Export UTF-8 checkboxes

This snippet turns - [X] into ☑ and - [ ] into ☐.

Refile to opened orgmode buffer

The following codes allow refile to opened orgmode buffer files. (Currently set at level 1, to avoid too many refile targets when there are lots of orgmode files opened).

Run org-todo at a specified date

The following code snippet allows you to run org-todo as though it had been executed at some prior time that is interactively selected using org-read-date . This is particularly useful if you use the org-habits module and you are late to file the completion of a habit. If you complete the habit with org-todo it will be completed for the current day, and scheduled to repeat at the next repeat interval based on the current date. If you use org-todo-at-date and set the appropriate date, the task will be scheduled to repeat as though the task had been completed on the specified date.

Discussion moved to Talk page

CategoryOutline CategoryPersonalInformationManager CategoryCalendar CategoryNeedsAttention CategoryWriting CategoryTables CategoryHypermedia

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