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Welcome to PhilArchive!

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25+ General Philosophy Books for Free! [PDF]

* If you have doubts about how to download free books from InfoBooks, visit our guide to downloading books .

The benefits that philosophy brings to our lives are many. Being more reflective, having greater capacity for discernment, coherence or understanding are some of them, which is why we offer you a very well selected list of philosophy books in PDF format.

We know the importance of always being in constant discovery of new and better philosophy texts, but unfortunately not in all cases it is possible to access them, either because of their cost or because they often run out too quickly in bookstores, but do not worry, here you can get philosophy books at no cost and without running out of stock.

Fortunately, digital books are always a good option, nowadays almost everyone can have access to an Internet connection, which makes obtaining and downloading any kind of information on the web, possible to almost anyone.

Nowadays many people prefer to download digital books rather than get the physical ones, either because they often cost cheaper, because they are easier to obtain or because it is practical to have our favorite book on our smartphone, tablet or computer.

Getting a digital book is not only affordable and practical, it also means that once you have it stored on your device, you can read it as many times as you want with or without internet access.

Another reason why opting for PDF books is a good option is that it is very difficult to lose it. A physical book is more likely to get lost, either in a coffee shop, in a square, on public transport or even when we lend it out. However, a PDF book can be saved in different ways on our devices, so that we can always have a digital backup of it.

That is why, thinking of you, we leave you a series of more than 25 books on Philosophy in PDF format that will make your life much easier.

Here we present our complete selection of Philosophy Books:

Contemporary Natural Philosophy and Philosophies-Part 1

Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic and Marcin J. Schroeder

Meditations On First Philosophy

René Descartes

Modern Philosophy

Walter Ott and Alex Dunn

An Introduction to Philosophy

W. Russ Payne

History of Philosophy

William Turner

The Philosophy Major's Introduction to Philosophy: Concepts and Distinctions

What Is Philosophy?

Various authors

A Brief Guide to Writing the Philosophy Paper (Article)

Simon Rippon

Nature of Philosophy (Article)

Mudasir Ahmad Tantray and Ateequllah Dar

Problems of Philosophy: The value of philosophy (Article)

Bertrand Russell

Wayne Waxman

Hume and Self-Identity

Carlos Emilio Garcia Duque

The Philosophy of David Hume (Article)

Alfred Weber

Beyond Good and Evil

Friedrich Nietzsche

Introduction to Western Philosophy. Nietzsche

Socrates on Philosophy and Politics: Ancient and Contemporary Interpretations

Francisco J. Gonzalez

The Dialogues of Plato

Plato: Philosophy as Politics

Sorin Bocancea

Plato in a Nutshell: A Beginner’s Guide to the Philosophy of Plato (Article)

Michael S. Russo

Aristotle's Concept of the State (Article)

Olivera Z. Mijuskovic

The Philosophy of History

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy

Existentialism is a Humanism

Jean-Paul Sartre

The Value of Moral Philosophy

Anthony T. Kronman

Modern Moral Philosophy

G.E. M. Anscombe

Philosophy and Right: Sartrean Freedom in the Right of this Century

José V. Villalobos Antúnez, Luis E. Díaz Zuluaga and Luis Díaz-Cid

Physics Needs Philosophy. Philosophy Needs Physics

Carlo Rovelli

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Modern Philosophy

(5 reviews)

Walter Ott, University of Virginia

Copyright Year: 2013

Publisher: BCcampus

Language: English

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Reviewed by Jeff Lavoie, Adjunct Professor, Middlesex Community College on 5/26/21

This book deals with the major texts from the "modern" time period; however, it is more of an anthology than it is a textbook. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 4 see less

This book deals with the major texts from the "modern" time period; however, it is more of an anthology than it is a textbook.

Content Accuracy rating: 4

While the majority of this book are well accepted translations, the introductions privided were accurate in my opinion.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 5

This is one of the selling points of this work as the author provides questions at the end of each section that engages the reader to grasp the key ideas presented. My only concern was that these were not applied to more recent topics.

Clarity rating: 4

This book is primarily an anthology of accesible texts; however, the author did not attempt to clarify them for introductory students.

Consistency rating: 5

The terms used are consistent with philosophical discourse.

Modularity rating: 4

Yes, this book is divided into clear sections of primary source material.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 5

This book is arranged chronologically which ensures a logical structure.

Interface rating: 5

There is nothing that distracts the reader though, personally, I am not a fan of multiple italicized sections.

Grammatical Errors rating: 5

There were no major grammatical issues in this work.

Cultural Relevance rating: 3

This is an obvious issue in this text; however, to be fair this is not the author's "fault" as there is not much diversity in "modern philosophy" (acknowkedged anyways). It has only been over the past century where more diverse voices have entered the conversation.

Overall it is what it is- an anthology of modern philosophy.

Reviewed by Robert Morton-Ranney, Adjunct Faculty, Massachusetts Maritime Academy on 6/22/20

This book covers the area promised (also see Cultural comments below). Its best use could be as a companion text to other more explanatory material, especially if it is included in introductory classes. read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 5 see less

This book covers the area promised (also see Cultural comments below). Its best use could be as a companion text to other more explanatory material, especially if it is included in introductory classes.

Content Accuracy rating: 5

No difficulties were noted.

Texts as important as these will always be relevant.

Clarity rating: 5

The readings are laid out in a way that makes the book as a whole very easy to navigate. There are points at which a little more introductory explanation would be helpful. Aristotle’s prose, for instance, will seem quite dense to students coming at it for the first time.

Consistency rating: 4

As the Preface indicates, questions appear after some of the readings and these are very helpful. A question or more after each reading would be more helpful still.

Modularity rating: 5

The text is excellent at offering bite-sized chunks.

No apparent issues.

No difficulties.

It will be obvious, painfully so to many, that this is another text exclusively featuring white males. The relevant issues are formidable, but they must be recognized.

There are points in the learning process when there is no substitute for the real thing, and having significant works carefully culled does a great service.

Reviewed by Alyssa Adamson, Adjunct Instructor, Northeastern Illinois University on 4/8/20

The beginning glossary and mini introduction to logic is useful, especially given that even in a focused class on the history of modern philosophy, this course may be student’s first philosophy class and text. It is great to warm the students up... read more

Comprehensiveness rating: 3 see less

The beginning glossary and mini introduction to logic is useful, especially given that even in a focused class on the history of modern philosophy, this course may be student’s first philosophy class and text. It is great to warm the students up with some of these specialized terms even before reading since they will become central to so many of the thinkers included in the text. Getting the analytic versus synthetic distinction will pay off loads by the time you get to Kant’s Prolegomena. Having students get strong on argument structures before jumping into Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, etc. will be really helpful. I haven’t always done this focused work in the beginning of teaching Modern Philosophy (as I would if I was teaching Critical Thinking or Logic) so this aspect of this text is helpful.

One of my favorite aspects of this texts is that is offers links to free full texts of all the books explicitly covered, as well and books it does not cover (e.g. main texts from Aristotle and Aquinas). This is easy since there are decent translations of those are already in the public domain, but students so not always know this fact. This will be useful for students doing extra reading or research for papers and/or exams.

There is a handy background chapter that gives an overview of Aristotle and Aquinas to set up Descartes. When I’ve taught this in the past I have done a similar version of this on my own, but it is nice that it is already baked into the book. There are short introductory notes and small but well-selected excerpts from Aristotle’s Categories, Physics, and Posterior Analytics. Then from Aquinas, there are short introductions and excerpts from On the Eternity of the World, Summa Contra Gentiles, and Summa Theologicae.

This text offers the “hits” of primary texts from Descartes, Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. Most of the texts are helpfully abridged but a few are left unabridged e.g. Descartes’ Meditations, Hume’s Enquiry, and Kant’s Prolegomena. It is strange that Leibniz, Hobbes, and Rousseau are missing, but instructors can add other figures that they fit depending on their course’s focus on political philosophy, metaphysics, epistemology, aesthetics, etc. Unfortunately, there are no early modern European women philosophers nor interlocutors of the male philosophers included here (e.g. Anne Conway, Elizabeth of Bohemia, Damaris Masham, Mary Wollstonecraft). While “new” in a sense to many philosophers as new material is just now coming out on his work and life, the text also leaves out Anton Wilhelm Amo the Ghanian philosopher who got a PhD in philosophy in Germany writing a critique of Descartes in 1734.

My only other complaint with what the text provides are its short introductions to each of the philosophers. They are very short introductions and do not go into the social and political milieu of the philosophers which would greatly help students to understand the context of these texts. Hopefully teachers using this book will have the background knowledge to offer the social and political backdrop of each of the texts as well as be able to situate the debates and questions in a global context. Even if the focus is on modern European philosophy, it did not happen in a vacuum, but rather within in the context of European colonization of the Americas and Africa, conquest, the Trans-Atlantic slave trade, and intra-European wars which did set the conditions and questions for scientific and philosophical knowledge production. This is an issue with most (maybe all) modern philosophy textbooks—not something special to this one—but it is worth mentioning nonetheless.

This text appears to present as accurately as possible the concepts and figures it introduces, even if these introductions are sometimes too short in my opinion and miss setting up the boarder social and political contexts of the philosophers and debates. The translations it uses are fine and up-to-date.

This text would be relevant to any lower or upper level undergraduate modern philosophy course or even in an introduction to philosophy course. Because of the nature of classic philosophy texts, there shouldn’t be anything “out-of-date” besides the omissions of thinkers as mentioned in the comprehensiveness section.

There are no major issues with clarity in the text. While the introductions and summaries of the materials included are short, they are clearly written and should be understood by undergraduate students. But again, longer background summaries and introductions will head off confusions students will have with the potential lack of historical background knowledge.

The book provides a survey of many different thinkers, so each section will in some sense be a self-contained whole on that particular thinker’s writings, but the presentation and supplemental material are consistent.

One of my favorite things about this text is the way it breaks down all the chapters into manageable sections and includes reading comprehension questions and exercises after each main section. Not many modern philosophy compilation textbooks are “modular” in this way so this is a really helpful aspect of this text. Because there is no attempt to flesh out a long background narrative, you can pick and choose easily which sections of the book you want to cover without missing any links in some narrative chain. This is both a strength and a weakness, good because it leaves you space to organize your course as you wish, a weakness if you do want to try to situate the thinkers in some kind of historical analysis.

There is a small set of questions asking for students to identify analytic versus synthetic statements after the glossary which is fine but could be expanded to cover more of the terms presented in the glossary. Teachers can make their own quizzes to expand assessment of the mini-logic part of the introduction to also include working on coming up with valid and invalid arguments and identifying normative versus descriptive claims.

The Glossary of Philosophical Positions and the Glossary of Principles I am certain will have students flipping back to them as the course moves through this text. I really appreciate that these elements are in the front and not the back of the book so that they can be addressed upfront in outlining the issues and debates in modern philosophy. Otherwise the book is organized historically from Descartes to Kant, which makes sense. Teachers that want to move thematically can easily remix the order.

Easy to use interface, I especially liked the hyperlinks to free versions of the full-texts of the included and not wholly included philosophy books.

No notable grammatical errors.

Cultural Relevance rating: 1

As mentioned in the comprehensiveness section, while this is a book focusing on European modern philosophy it is missing any women European philosophers who were important interlocutors with the male philosophers included. It does not include any non-European (or even Spanish or Portuguese) philosophers of the same historical moment. The other missing aspect is grounding the main philosophical debates in a social, political, and global context. There are collections that include thinkers listed here like Locke, Hume, and Kant on race and gender specifically that can be used as supplements to this text. It should be problematized that many (if not all) of the philosophers included in this book did not think women or non-European peoples could be fully rational, philosophy, or even human—and that many of them had philosophical arguments (even if they were bad ones) about these points and not merely accidentally contingent outdated views. Looking at the difference between the sexism and/or racism of rationalists versus empiricists can be an interesting discussion after studying the texts included in this book supplemented with some of their other texts that more directly address issues of gender and race.

Something that could be added to future versions of this text could be one or two concluding chapters that would touch on how ideas, concepts, and debates in modern philosophy have persisted in the present and/or informed contemporary philosophers. This could easily be done by the instructor, but it also wouldn’t be bad to add some contemporary resources for students at the end of the book.

Reviewed by Aaron Boyden, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Rhode Island College on 5/21/18

The book is focused on the early modern period, and generally presents the usual suspects. It does seem to devote more attention to the empiricists than to the rationalists; maybe a little Leibniz would have been a good addition to improve the... read more

The book is focused on the early modern period, and generally presents the usual suspects. It does seem to devote more attention to the empiricists than to the rationalists; maybe a little Leibniz would have been a good addition to improve the balance? I did like the inclusion of Aristotle and Aquinas as background to help understand the beginnings of the period. I also liked that the entirety of Descartes’ Meditations was included, as I think that work is one of those that particularly suffers from the loss of context when heavily excerpted.

It is primarily a collection of classic texts. There do not seem to be any particular problems with the translations, and the additional material used to introduce the classic texts seems accurate enough.

The classic texts are not going to change, and the book is mostly a collection of those. The discussions of the issues raised by the classic texts is mostly focused on long-standing, well-established interpretations, rather than the latest scholarly fashions. It seems likely to be useful for a long time.

A lot of the supplemental material was quite brief. This was perhaps out of a desire to let the classic texts speak for themselves, but of course the classic texts are in many cases quite difficult, and I thought some of the supplemental material was perhaps too brief to be entirely helpful.

Since it is a compilation of classic texts, of course the various original authors are quite diverse in their concerns and styles. The organization varied somewhat in that some texts were excerpted and how much cutting and reorganization was done with the excerpted texts varied, but the choices of when and how to do that seemed reasonably well motivated. The supplemental material was consistent.

While there is (as there should be) an attempt to highlight some of the connections between the various items included, there does not seem to be any attempt to force things into an overall narrative; it seems well designed for use by instructors who wish to pick and choose which parts to employ.

Organization/Structure/Flow rating: 4

I’m not sure how useful the glossary of philosophical positions at the start was; I felt like that material could have been better distributed later in the text as the particular issues arose. Otherwise, the order seems to be primarily chronological, which is reasonable enough for a compilation of classic texts.

No notable problems with the interface.

No notable problems with grammar.

Cultural Relevance rating: 4

That it is focused on early modern Western philosophy has some inevitable consequences. There are ways it could have tried to be more inclusive (maybe discussing the objections of Elisabeth of Bohemia in the Descartes section) or connected the discussion to a broader world context (e.g. look at theories of possible Buddhist influence on Hume). But presumably the interest in the early modern texts is primarily motivated by their subsequent influence, and this text covers the most influential texts and discusses the issues that turned out to be influential.

Reviewed by Jim Sharp, Adjunct Professor, Colorado State University - Pueblo on 2/1/18

This book serves primarily as a reader in western philosophy during the modern period, covering major thinkers from Descartes to Kant. In addition, excerpts from Aristotle and Aquinas are supplied in a background chapter. The book does an... read more

This book serves primarily as a reader in western philosophy during the modern period, covering major thinkers from Descartes to Kant. In addition, excerpts from Aristotle and Aquinas are supplied in a background chapter. The book does an excellent job of providing substantial primary material from the philosophers mentioned above, as well as Spinoza, Locke, Berkeley, and Hume.

Although this selection of philosophers is not exhaustive, clearly the selections presented here represent the major themes and trends in western philosophical thought during this time period. The selections chosen provide good entry points into study of significant areas of philosophy: metaphysics, methodology, epistemology, and the nature of the mind/body connection.

The authors have supplied brief, helpful introductory notes to each figure and specific text which accurately place the excerpts in relationship to one another and identify the major themes being dealt with in each one.

Relevance/Longevity rating: 4

Since the focus of the work is on primary source readings, it is likely to maintain its relevance for many years. The introductory notes are mostly focused on the identification of topics addressed in the selections, and therefore avoid the problems and distractions that might be raised by bringing in scholarly questions and controversies of the moment. Such issues could easily be addressed within course discussions by a knowledgeable instructor where they are relevant to the selected excerpts.

The text is clear and succinct. The introductory chapter provides clear definitions and explanations of a variety of relevant philosophical terms, making the work as a whole accessible for general education and introductory courses aimed at students who may not have already had exposure to the subject.

Since the book presents selections from eight different philosophers, whose work was written over a span of more than a dozen centuries, there are significant variations in terminology, style and constructions of arguments to be found. The introductory notes within the selections, as well as the questions supplied in each section, are designed to help students see the connections between each philosopher and bridge the differences between each thinker's work.

The modular nature of the text is one of its most useful strengths. Selections from each philosopher are divided into manageable chunks, with helpful discussion and constructive questions at the end of each section. These questions are designed to make students think through the material they have just read, and allow them to check their own understanding of the material at frequent intervals.

The selections are presented in chronological order, which is appropriate to a work like this one which explores the history and development of particular ideas. The notes and commentary supplied, along with the questions for understanding, provide background for the connections between the selections. The background chapter presenting selections from Aristotle and Aquinas supplies the necessary historical details to relate their thoughts to the later modern period which is the focus of the text.

Interface rating: 4

The interface is clear, self-explanatory, and includes useful links between sections which allow the reader to move from one excerpt to another when connections are being made between multiple selections. There seem to be a small number of older links which should have been edited out, but nothing which hinders the usefulness of the text and its links.

The grammar of the text was fine and free of errors or confusion.

Since this is a text that is focused on western philosophy, it has a clear cultural location. The selections given reflect the cultural and historical contexts of the various authors, and must be read with that in mind. The focus of the work is on the history and development of philosophical ideas, and the supplemental text and introductory materials reflect that focus. Arguably, the authors could have supplied some discussion of the historical and cultural context of western philosophy, but such discussion is not demanded by a text of this nature.

Overall, this text is an excellent reader in modern western philosophy. It could be a valuable resource for an introductory course, or a good supplemental text in a readings or seminar course for more advanced students of philosophy.

Table of Contents

• 2. Minilogic and Glossary
• 3. Background to Modern Philosophy
• 4. René Descartes (1596–1650)
• 5. Baruch Spinoza (1632–1677)
• 6. John Locke's (1632–1704) Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689)
• 7. George Berkeley (1685–1753)
• 8. David Hume's (1711–1776) Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
• 9. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)

Ancillary Material

About the book.

This is a textbook in modern philosophy. It combines readings from primary sources with two pedagogical tools. Paragraphs in italics introduce figures and texts. Numbered study questions (also in italics) ask students to reconstruct an argument or position from the text, or draw connections among the readings. And I have added an introductory chapter (Chapter 0 – Minilogic and Glossary), designed to present the basic tools of philosophy and sketch some principles and positions. The immediate goal is to encourage students to grapple with the ideas rather than passing their eyes over the texts. This makes for a better classroom experience and permits higher-level discussions. Another goal is to encourage collaboration among instructors, as they revise and post their own versions of the book.

About the Contributors

Walter Ott is an associate professor in Corcoran Department of Philosophy at the University of Virginia.

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Why Russian Philosophy Is So Important and So Dangerous

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Mikhail Epstein; Why Russian Philosophy Is So Important and So Dangerous. Common Knowledge 1 September 2023; 29 (3): 405–409. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/0961754X-10862689

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The academic community in the West tends to be suspicious of Russian philosophy, often relegating it to another category, such as “ideology” or “social thought.” But what is philosophy? There is no simple universal definition, and many thinkers consider it impossible to formulate one. The most credible attempt is nominalistic: philosophy is the practice in which Plato and Aristotle were involved. As Alfred North Whitehead wrote, “The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato.”

If so, then Russian thought needs to be understood as an important part of the Western philosophical heritage, given that it offers perhaps the most elaborate set of footnotes to Plato's most mature and comprehensive dialogues: the Republic and the Laws . The status of ideas in Russian philosophy mirrors Plato's vision of them as ontological and political entities, “laws,” or ideal principles—as distinct...

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Alessandro Michele Opens Up About Fashion, Freedom, Family and Philosophy

TURIN, Italy - "This feels like a rock concert," said Alessandro Michele, entering the spacious pavilion at the international book trade show Salone del Libro here on Saturday, marveling at the number of young visitors cheering him on. "In this digital era, the younger generations still choose words and books," he said with some surprise.

To be sure, this edition of the trade show was especially overcrowded, surprising even the organizers. Michele's appearance to present his first book, an autobiography titled "La Vita delle Forme: Filosofia del Reincanto [The Life of Shapes: Philosophy of Re-enchantment]," written with philosopher Emanuele Coccia, filled the room as fans dutifully lined up for about an hour for the book signing.

After appearing clearly touched by the reaction at his first public appearance since exiting the role of creative director of Gucci in November 2022, Michele looked very relaxed and happy, at times straightening his signature long dark hair under a cap, and peeling off his green trench, worn over light indigo jeans and a white T-shirt with green details.

Michele opened up about his family and his life, as he did in an interview with WWD following the event at the trade show.

Surprisingly, the book contains no photos or sketches and, despite Michele's love of colors and embellishments, the cover is in an "undecided" hue, with the title in red and a central, small black medieval-like symbol on it that's vaguely reminiscent of a butterfly. "I wanted to celebrate the word, naked in its complexity," said Michele, deliberately avoiding using the word "fashion" in the title "to avoid giving the wrong message" to potential readers.

The idea of the book grew naturally with Coccia, said Michele. "We spoke and recorded our thoughts" for about a year, mostly during the pandemic, and it is "very intense and personal," he admitted, as it led to a deep, almost cathartic reflection on his life. "I put thoughts and things in order, I discovered my priorities, it was like going to therapy."

The designer said the book took about three-and-a-half years to complete and that he and Coccia thought of a way to create a dialogue between fashion and philosophy, deciding "to keep the two voices distinct, employing italics for that of Emanuele, weaving the two on the page as in the Talmud or Bible manuscripts," according to a joint preface note.

"It was fashion that brought me to philosophy," said Michele, who repeatedly paid tribute to his life partner Giovanni Attili, a professor at the prestigious La Sapienza University in Rome, for helping him understand philosophy. Attili introduced Coccia to Michele, who said he was a self-taught philosophy buff.  Early on, the designer thought "philosophy was complicated, something that tangles up your brain, fit only for the enlightened few, but then I understood it was close to life," and he realized it helped explain his own thoughts and his views on fashion "much more clearly."

 In fact, he recalled the surprise of journalists and editors when the press release for his first collection, written by Attili, was not about the clothes but about philosophy. "Some thought it was a snobbish pose, but to me it seemed the most fitting language," and one that he would not give up.

Michele never thought of writing a book before and underscored he did not really think of who would read it, as it was "not an editorial idea." But he conceded it took some effort "to set up those appointments with myself" to record his thoughts.

The spotlight is again on Michele since he started a new phase of his career last month as creative director of Valentino , succeeding Pierpaolo Piccioli. He shied away from providing details of his new path, but did say this is a " moment of reflection and absorption, of learning and great gestation,"  and he was clearly blown away by the archival designs of founder Valentino Garavani and the expertise of the seamstresses and artisans of the famed couture house.  

He also turned his attention to the current events taking place outside the fashion industry, "when freedom seems to be at risk and books seem to be sentinels watching over us. There is a fear of people who read and to lose yourself in words is freedom," he contended. Michele described himself as "omnivorous" when it comes to choosing what to read, although he prefers history books and newspapers to novels.

"I am a bit of a nosey parker. I like to read about the life of others, I am curious and often read bits of several books at the same time, and I jot down thoughts on notebooks and scraps of paper; my bag is always filled with pens and pencils. Writing on paper helps me reflect on things," he said.

In the book he admits to being a collector of objects, "books, statues, skirts, chairs, pants, cups, paintings: everything lives, independently from its shapes, size, purpose and importance," and one of the chapters is dedicated to animism.

The topic of freedom was a recurring one as he said he never wanted to give up on being himself. "The most difficult thing is to be how you are when others try to manipulate you into being different. Becoming who you are is trying."

He recalled he was 43 in 2015 when then-president and chief executive officer Marco Bizzarri offered him the top post at Gucci , succeeding Frida Giannini. He believed he would be fired after that first show, when he followed his instincts and paraded ruffled shirts on men with flowers in their hair. "I wasn't thinking of the career, I am what I am and I just did what I thought was natural. I just wanted to talk about beauty. "

He spoke of his surprise as people started talking about gender fluidity. "I had never heard of this term before, I just work looking at what I see around me, and at the time it seemed perfectly normal to me."

"I don't invent anything, I observe," he writes in the book, saying that "to imagine a garment means imagining a person, building characters of a diverse universe."

He revealed that as a child he braided his father's hair, who showed him "the simple way to be free even at 60 with braided hair," and reminisced about the walks with him outdoors in nature, "when he invited me to be quiet and listen to the wind blowing, which seemed to be the closest thing to God." He also writes and spoke fondly of his mother and aunt, who were twins, and which led to the Twinsburg collection, his last for Gucci . "They taught me of non-exclusive love."

Michele concluded the book by providing additional details on Twinsburg and his other collections for Gucci, from the spring 2022 lineup paraded in Hollywood to Aria, marking the brand's centenary, and the Cosmogonie cruise 2023 show in Apulia.

"La Vita delle Forme" is published by HarperCollins and is being translated in English, French and German. Michele will also present it in Milan on May 31 at Teatro Franco Parenti.

More from WWD

• Kelly Rowland Sees Red in Rosette Valentino Blouse and Shorts for Baby2Baby Maternal Health Event
• Gabrielle Union Puts Sultry Spin on Classic Little Black Dress for Living Beauty and Valentino Event

Biomaterials Science

Non-viral vector-based genome editing for cancer immunotherapy.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

b Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada

Despite the exciting promise of cancer immunotherapy in the clinic, immune checkpoint blockade therapy and T cell-based therapies are often associated with low response rates, intrinsic and adaptive immune resistance, and systemic side effects. CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing appears to be an effective strategy to overcome these unmet clinical needs. As a safer delivery platform for the CRISPR-Cas system, non-viral nanoformulations have been recently explored to target tumor cells and immune cells, aiming to improve cancer immunotherapy on a gene level. In this review, we summarized the efforts of non-viral vector-based CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing in tumor cells and immune cells for cancer immunotherapy. Their design rationale and specific applications were highlighted.

• This article is part of the themed collections: Biomaterials Science Recent Review Articles, 2024 and Biomaterials Science Emerging Investigator Series

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