purdue university writing lab apa

• Using Sources & APA Style

The Purdue Global Writing Center supports writers in college composition and across the curriculum with resources that cover a range of topics on using sources and APA Style from documentation guidelines and videos on formatting a title page and reference list to writing with integrity and avoiding plagiarism. Browse the collection below or use the search tool to locate topics on using sources, APA Style, and more.

USING SOURCES

Basic Documentation Guidelines

How to write effectively when using sources

Writing With Integrity

Expectations for academic research and professional writing and how to avoid plagiarism

Podcasts on Using Sources

Find podcasts on a variety of topics covering using sources, APA Style, conducting research, analyzing articles, and avoiding plagiarism.

APA STYLE DOCUMENTATION & FORMATTING

APA Common Citations and References

Locate clear examples of in-text citations and reference list entry formats for common types of digital and print sources.

APA Demystified in Five Minutes

Understand the basics of APA Style by watching this 5-minute video.

Formatting an APA Style Paper and Title Page

Follow the guidance in this video tutorial when formatting an APA Style title page in Microsoft Word.

Formatting an APA Style Reference List

Follow the guidance in this video tutorial when formatting an APA Style reference list in Microsoft Word.

Formatting Graphics and Visuals

Learn how to format tables and figures such as images in APA Style.

Formatting an APA Style PowerPoint Presentation

Learn how to format a PowerPoint following APA Style guidelines for lists, citations and references, tables, figures, and images.

• PLAGIARISM INFORMATION

Plagiarism FAQ

Find answers to frequently asked questions about plagiarism.

Understand the expectations for academic research and professional writing and how to avoid plagiarism

Internet Research: Avoiding Plagiarism

Learn about internet research, common knowledge, and how to avoid plagiarism when using online sources.

BLOG ARTICLES ON APA STYLE

Resource Spotlight: Accessing and Using the Writing Center

The Academic Success Center invites readers  to view our newest resource, “Accessing and Using the Writing Center: A Guide and Invitation.” Our Writing Center resources and services aim to empower Purdue Global students with tools to become successful academic writers, and this guide and invitation allows them to access the tools they need quickly and easily.  …

Teaching Inclusive Communication and Evolving Language as a Professional Skill

“Oh TK, that’s just politically correct BS!” “Let me guess, we’re ‘woke’ in this class?” “I always use that word. It’s not a slur.” “Am I going to be ‘cancelled’ now?” “What about my First Amendment rights to say what I want?” Hello everyone! This is Teresa Kelly–TK–from the Department of Composition and WAC. Whenever…

APA Style 2020 Posts You Don’t Want to Miss

Now that 2020 is in our rearview mirror (thank goodness!), I thought it appropriate to usher in the New Year with a recap of not-to-miss Writing Center blogcasts that concern APA Style as we transition fully to the 7th edition. As those of you who subscribe to the blog know, since the blog began its…

A “We” Problem

In informal writing, the use of the first-person plural pronoun “we” is commonplace, as in, We tend to use language willy-nilly when writing informally. Some of you might not think twice about my use of “we” in that last statement (which is fine), but some of you might be saying, “Wait a minute. Hold on.…

Formal vs. Informal Writing

Writing to many is about dos and don’ts, especially don’ts–don’t use first person, don’t use second person, don’t use slang, don’t use contractions, don’t use hyperbole. Don’t, don’t, don’t. And of course these “don’ts” are usually couched within the context of formal vs. informal writing in that the don’ts apply to formal writing and what…

Documenting Sources Made Easy

Many who are not familiar with the basics of APA Style documentation become confused, frustrated, and sometimes even stressed when they need to document a source that may not be typical or contains missing information, but the reality is that with a few deep breaths and a pragmatic approach, most can resolve any documentation challenge…

More Writing Resources

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Writing Guides & Style Manuals

APA Electronic Reference Format OWL (Purdue Online Writing Lab) Style Manuals Assembling a List of Works Cited in Your Paper Citation Styles Index- (Online Citation styles)

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Purdue Writing Lab/Purdue OWL

Since 1976, the Writing Lab has supported writers on the West Lafayette campus through a variety of services and community engagement initiatives using student-centered best practices. The Online Writing Lab (OWL) has been an extension of the Writing Lab since 1993, and offers global support through online reference materials and services. The Writing Lab and OWL, both part of the Department of English, are informed by and engage in research within the discipline of Composition and Rhetoric, including the subfields of writing center studies, writing program administration, second language studies, and professional writing.

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APA: 7th edition

Apa components.

Scroll down or click on the hyperlinks in this box to see more information on the following topics:

1. Formatting

2. Reference List

3. In-text Citations

4. How to put everything together into a final product

a. Annotated bibliography 

b. Sample paper - Student

c. Sample paper - Professional

The bottom of this guide also has a Frequently Asked Questions section . If you have questions, please do not hesitate to ask us.  

• Email: [email protected]   
• Telephone: 717-947-6022
• Appointments: Schedule an appointment through Starfish

APA Workshops

The library is hosting workshops on APA that are open to students, faculty, and staff.  See the Campus Events Calendar on the portal for the sign-up sheet and Zoom links.

  APA workshop dates and times

• Wednesday, February 7 at 6:00pm
• Friday, February 9 at noon
• Thursday, February 22 at noon
• Tuesday, February 27 at 6:00pm

Have a question? Please ask

APA 7th edition overview

These resources provide a general overview of APA Style.  See the boxes below for more information on formatting , reference lists , in-text citations , and sample documents .

Source: Excelsior Online Writing Lab (includes transcript)

Suggested links for examples and more information below

• Six Steps to Proper Citation This page from the APA outlines six steps to creating citations.
• Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style This tutorial from the APA will walk you through the basics of APA style. See the other boxes on this page for additional information on aspects of APA style.
• APA 7th Edition User Guide This guide was created by the English faculty and librarians at Pennsylvania College of Health Sciences. It lives on the portal, so you will have to login to view it.

 Make sure to check your assignment sheet and rubric to see if your professor has any specific requirements, such as a specific font for your paper.  The information in this box is for student papers.  There is information about professional papers below.

• Excelsior College: APA Checklist (Interactive) This checklist will cover the elements you need in your paper. When you hover over a topic, a corresponding image with more information will appear.

This video covers setting up your paper in Microsoft Word.  See boxes below for more specific information on references and in-text citations.

Source: Kevin Doyle

This video covers setting up your paper in Google Docs.  See boxes below for more specific information on references and in-text citations.

Reference List

All APA references follow the same format of the following four elements: Author, Date, Title, and Source.  What is included in those elements will vary based on the kind of source it is, such as a book, article, website, etc.   The links below provide examples.  If you are not sure what example to use as a template, please reach out for assistance.

• Four Elements of APA This documents provides an example of the four elements of style for a website.
• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) Use the options on the left-hand side to browse different resource types and to find examples.
• APA Style This webpage from the APA shows reference examples. Use the search box (magnifying glass at the top of the page) to search the website for information.
• APA Style: Color-coded examples Find color-coded examples of journal articles, books, and edited book chapters from the APA with this link.

Missing information?

• Missing Reference Information The APA shares what to do when you don't have all of the pieces for your citation.
• Crossref Missing the doi? Double check Crossref to make sure there is not a doi.

In-text Citations

 The information below explains how to create in-text citations, which can be either parenthetical or narrative.  Creating your references first, will help you identify components that you will also use in your in-text citations.

Source: Excelsior Online Writing Lab (includes transcript)

Suggested links for examples and more information below

• Excelsior Online Writing Lab: APA Side by Side Once you choose the type of reference you have, you will see what the parenthetical and narrative in-text citations would look like.
• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL): In-text Citations This page from Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) covers the basics of giving credit to a reference within the text of your paper. This is called an in-text citation.
• Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL): Author/Authors This page from Purdue University Writing Lab (OWL) covers how to include various authors in your in-text citations. This includes single authors, multiple authors, organizational authors, and other author types.
• APA Style: Paraphrasing This page explains how to paraphrase when you have multiple sentences from the same source (look for the long paraphrases section).

Annotated bibliography

An annotated bibliography is a reference list that also includes annotations after each entry. The video in this box provides background information on annotated bibliographies and the links below provide examples.  See chapter nine in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological  for more details.

Source:  Carnegie Vincent Library

• Cornell University Library: How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography This page explains what an annotated bibliography is, how to create one, and was created by Olin Library Reference, Research & Learning Services, Cornell University Library (Ithaca, NY, USA). Please note that you will want to double space your annotated bibliography.
• Sample annotated bibliography This PDF shows you how to format annotated bibliography.

Sample paper - Student

 Make sure to check your assignment sheet and rubric to see if your professor has any specific requirements for your paper.

• American Psychological Association: Sample student paper This sample student paper from the APA includes annotations with where to find more information in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
• Purdue Owl: Sample student paper This sample paper from Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) will give you an example of a completed student paper in APA style.

Sample paper - Professional

 Only use this format if your professor requests it.  Otherwise, use the sample student papers for guidance.

• American Psychological Association: Sample professional paper This sample professional paper from the APA includes annotations with where to find more information in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
• Purdue Owl: Sample professional paper This sample paper from Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) will give you an example of a completed professional paper in APA style.

Frequently Asked Questions

Question:  My source does not have page numbers and I want to quote from it.  How do I write the in-text citation?

Answer: See this page from the APA with other options:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/quotations/no-page-numbers

Question: I have multiple reference entries with the same author and year.  How do I write the in-text citations?

Answer: You will add a letter on the reference list and the corresponding in-text citations.  See this page from the APA for examples:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/same-year-author

Question: How do I cite clinical practice references ( UpToDate, Cochrane's, clinical practice guidelines, drug information, etc.)?

Answer: See this page from the APA : https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/clinical-practice-references

Question: When should I include the name of a database in a reference?

Answer: See this page from the APA:  https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/database-information

Databases available from PA College that might fall into this category, depending on what you use from them, include: APA PsycExtra , Cochrane’s, DynaMed, ERIC, Lexi-Comp, Made Incredibly Easy, Natural Medicines, Nursing Reference Center Plus, Rehabilitation Reference Center , and UpToDate

Question: How do I cite an image?

Answer: See this page from the APA:   https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/clip-art-references

Question: How can I reuse a chart, graph, or other figure from a scholarly work, such as a journal article?

Answer: See this page from University of Oregon Libraries: https://researchguides.uoregon.edu/c.php?g=240456&p=4123813 See chapter seven in the APA manual for more information.

Question: How do I cite something from my professor (lecture notes, PowerPoints, etc.)?

Answer: See this page from the APA:   https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/classroom-intranet-sources

If you are not sure how to cite something, please reach out.  We can help.

• Last Updated: Jan 24, 2024 5:25 PM
• URL: https://pacollege.libguides.com/APA

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Citing Sources & Style Manuals

• About this guide
• Why is citing sources important?
• APA Examples
• APA Sample Papers
• MLA Examples
• Additional Resources

• Academic Writer Tutorial: Basics of Seventh Edition APA Style An APA tutorial on the basics of APA 7th edition.
• APA Formatting and Style Guide Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University. OWL provides detailed information provides example papers in the APA format. OWL also provides many examples for citing sources.
• APA Style The official website of the APA. Includes helpful tutorials and tools for learning APA style, as well as a sample paper, sample reference page, and sample appendices. Scroll down to the section Popular Style Guidelines.
• APA Style Blog The APA Style Blog is the official companion to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition. It's run by a group of experts who work with APA Style every day. This is a great place to find additional information about citing sources in APA format. You can even email the experts if you can't find the correct format.
• << Previous: Why is citing sources important?
• Next: APA Examples >>
• Last Updated: May 23, 2024 12:13 PM
• URL: https://guides.erau.edu/citestyle

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ENGL 26100: World Literature

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The Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) offers additional guidelines on APA style rules. There are some inaccuracies on the PurdueOWL so check your course syllabus and the  APA Manual  for more information.

View the PurdueOWL's resources on APA  here .

Purdue OWL APA

Publication manual of the american psychological association.

The  Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association  should be the first source to consult when you have APA-related questions. 

APA Style Blog  - This Q&A blog may provide helpful tips.

To view a tutorial on the basics of the APA style by American Psychological Association  click here .

The Writing Center on the Westville Campus

The Writing Center at Purdue University Westville provides a wide range of services, including APA help.  You can reach the Writing Center by phone at (219) 785-5383 or e-mail at  [email protected] . Learn more about the Writing Center, including hours,  here .

The Writing Center at Hammond Campus

The Writing Center at Purdue University Hammond provides a wide range of services, including APA help.  You can reach the Writing Center by phone at (219) 989-2200 or e-mail at [email protected] . Learn more about the Writing Center here .

EndNote Web

EndNote Web is a web-based tool that assists users in generating citations and formatting bibliographies.  This tool is available for free to PNW students, faculty, and staff.  Registration is required for first-time users.

For on campus users, go directly to the MyEndNote Web Login and click on "Sign Up for Account."  Your affiliation with Purdue University Northwest will be authenticated by the IP address.

For off campus users,   Web of Science, and login to the Web of Science.  You can select the My EndNote Web tab at the top of the screen and then select Register. After registering an account, you can access EndNote Web from any computer (on campus or off campus) with your user name and password.

• Endnote Quick Reference Guide This guide provides an overview of EndNote Web.
• << Previous: Fact Checking and Fake News
• Next: MLA Citation Help >>
• Last Updated: Dec 11, 2023 12:04 PM
• URL: https://guides.pnw.edu/Engl261WorldLiterature

APA Style: Purdue OWL

• Why Document Sources?
• Differences Between the 6th and 7th edition
• Two Kinds of Citations
• What happens if you are missing a part of the reference?
• Periodicals
• Legal References
• Other Resources
• Citation and Grammar helps
• EasyBib | APA Format for Students & Researchers
• American Psychological Association
• Video and PowerPoint Tutorials
• Preferred Spellings
• Missing a part of the citation
• Videos on APA Style
• How to Cite ChatGPT

The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

• APA Style General Formatting and Style Guide 7th ed
• Purdue OWL Purdue OWL is an online writing reference that provides detailed information on APA 7th, MLA 9th, Chicago 17th styles of citation as well as general citation and research assistance.
• Purdue Owl | APA Guide | Examples

Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

• << Previous: Helps for APA Style
• Next: EasyBib | APA Format for Students & Researchers >>
• Last Updated: Jun 4, 2024 8:18 AM
• URL: https://westlibrary.txwes.edu/APA

The Library Is Open

The Wallace building is now open to the public. More information on services available.

• RIT Libraries
• Citation Information
• Resources for Specific Styles

This guide will point you to many resources that will help you create and manage your citations. A variety of styles will be addressed.

• Citation Management Tools
• Citing Generative AI
• Online/Free Citation Generators
• ASL Presentations and Citations

Resources for Specific Styles - OWL

The resources on this page will offer information about how to create references (citations), in-text citations, paper formatting, and more.

The Purdue University Online Writing Lab , known as  Purdue OWL , is commonly considered the expert resource concerning many citation styles. It's website is freely accessible and offers detailed, current information for the following styles: APA, MLA, IEEE, Chicago, AMA, and ASA. Purdue OWL also offers excellent information about general writing, avoiding plagiarism, and resources specifically for students whose first language is not English.

• Purdue University Online Writing Lab

For citation information on the Purdue OWL website use the  Research and Citation Resources link below. (You can find the link to this page on the menu to left of their website homepage.)

• Research and Citation Resources - OWL

Resources for Specific Styles - Excelsior

Excelsior Online Writing Lab. Excelsior College, much like  Purdue University, offers a very comprehensive website speaking to all things academic writing related. In terms of their citation resources, however, you will find only the three most commonly used styles: MLA, APA, and Chicago. If you are needing assistance with one of these three, the Excelsior OWL website is an extremely helpful resource. See the link below for their  Citation & Documentation . 

• Excelsior Online Writing Lab
• Citation & Documentation - Excelsior

A note about databases and pre-made citations:

Many library research databases offer ready made citations. It's important to be aware that these citations are machine generated and may contain errors. It's always a good idea to double check these database generated citations for accuracy.

IN THE BOXES BELOW YOU WILL SEE RESOURCES FOR SPECIFIC STYLE TYPES. IF YOU DO NOT SEE WHAT YOU NEED, REFER BACK TO THE PURDUE OWL RESEARCH & CITATION WEBSITE FOR ADDITIONAL STYLE TYPES, OR CONTACT YOUR LIBRARIAN.

• Contact Your Librarian

APA ( American Psychological Association)  style  was established  in order to create a simple set of procedures, or “style” guidelines, that would codify the many components of scientific writing . “Scientific” includes both some of the physical sciences as well as the social sciences such as psychology,  anthropology, criminal justice, sociology, etc.

• APA Citation Examples

The American Psychological Association's own website which offers many examples of the most commonly cited types of sources. For a list of examples for different types of sources, click on the tab entitled, "Style and Grammar Guidelines."

MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the language arts, cultural studies, and other humanities disciplines.

MLA’s own website is not complete, but it does offer examples of how to cite five basic source types. You can click on an entry to get more information, as well as find links to posts with more examples.

• MLA Citation Examples
• In-Text Citations: An Overview

Physical Book

Chicago (CMA)

The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS) is the preferred formatting and style guidelines used by the disciplines of history, philosophy, religion, and the arts.

The manual offers many examples of source types as well as information about in-text citations, paper formatting, and punctuation.

Harvard Referencing Style

RIT has no defined style for "Harvard Referencing." Instead we recommend using Bournemouth's guidelines and resources found below along with BibGuru, a third party citation management tool. TAKE  NOTE: the recommendation and examples are different in these two resources as there is no controlling authority. Ask your professor which flavor of Harvard they want to see in your paper.

• Harvard Reference Guide from Bournemouth This great guide has excellent information on how to cite and reference using a Harvard style.
• Harvard Citation Guide This takes you to recommendations and explanations for Harvard from BibGuru a third party citation tool.

The IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) referencing system is commonly used in technical fields, typically electrical, electronic and computer systems engineering. In the IEEE referencing style, a number [X] is inserted at the point in your writing where you cite another author's work. At the end of your work, the full reference [X] of the work is provided. Citations and their corresponding references are provided in the order they appear throughout your writing.

• IEEE Website Reference Manual The IEEE Reference Guide outlines how to cite a wide variety of references in IEEE style.
• IEEE Website Mathematics Guide The IEEE Mathematics Guide illustrates how mathematical equations should be rendered in a technical article.

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EDCI 63800 - Spring 2022 Doctoral Seminar

• E-Books on Educational Research
• Literature Search Tools
• Literature Search Strategies
• Creating an Annotated Bibliography
• APA Style Guide
• Citation Managers
• Writing Abstracts
• Finding a "Mentor Article"

APA 7th Edition

Purdue's OWL (Online Writing Lab) provides instruction on how to use APA 7th. Below are a few topics covered by the OWL.

• APA Style Introduction APA 7th
• APA Overview and Workshop APA 7th
• General Formatting APA 7th
• In-Text Citation: Authors APA 7th
• Foot Notes and Appendices APA 7th
• Changes in the 7th Edition APA 7th
• << Previous: Creating an Annotated Bibliography
• Next: Citation Managers >>
• Last Edited: May 31, 2024 4:07 PM
• URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/EDCI_63800

About the Program

While pursuing a BA in Creative Writing, students study literary texts and then produce their own poetry or fiction. The creative writing student is an artist. This major is perfect for those who love to write poems or stories, and who plan to do so no matter what. In addition to the required five courses in poetry or fiction writing, students must take five courses in English Literature or English Language. While some creative writing students attend graduate school to hone their skills and develop their art, others practice their craft in commercial industries like marketing or publishing. Ultimately, creative writers learn many skills that employers find desirable.

The Bell Tower , an undergraduate-run magazine for the arts affiliated with Purdue University’s Department of English, was founded in 1995 and is published yearly.

Books and Coffee talks (hosted by the Department of English) are held several times throughout the school year. Coffee and tea are available, followed by a half-hour talk about a selected work. The series is popular with faculty, staff, and students.

College of Liberal Arts

Degree Requirements

120 credits required, liberal arts curriculum.

Each liberal arts major is designed as a four-year plan of study and includes three types of courses: Major, Core, and Elective. Most students take five courses per semester, with some of each type.

Professional academic advisors meet individually with each of our students on a regular basis to help with course selection, academic planning, and career development, as well as to help students find additional resources on campus.

Departmental/Program Major Course Requirements (30 credits)

Required course (3 credits).

A grade of “B-” or better is required before attempting courses in Area A.

• ENGL 20500 - Introduction To Creative Writing Credits: 3.00 ♦

A. Creative Writing Courses - Choose Four (12 credits)

All Creative Writing courses except 20500, 31600, and 31700 may be repeated once by Creative Writing majors for credit. (The 40000 and 50000 level courses should be taken in order in any given genre; exceptions are granted by the permission of instructor.)

• ENGL 31600 - Craft Of Fiction From A Writer’s Perspective Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 31700 - Craft Of Poetry From A Writer’s Perspective Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 40700 - Intermediate Poetry Writing Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 40800 - Creative Writing Capstone Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 40900 - Intermediate Fiction Writing Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 50700 - Advanced Poetry Writing Credits: 3.00
• ENGL 50900 - Advanced Fiction Writing Credits: 3.00

B. Engaging English (3 credits)

May be taken concurrently with ENGL 20500.

• ENGL 20200 - Engaging English Credits: 3.00 ♦

C. Literature/Linguistics/English Education (12 credits)

• Any ENGL course not taken above; at least 9 credit hours must be at the 30000 level or above.

Other Departmental (31-55 credits)

The College of Liberal Arts Other Departmental area is designed to be experiential, informative, and relevant to life in a rapidly changing universe. It combines courses that fulfill University Core foundational outcomes, discipline diversity, social diversity, and other languages to produce a well-rounded background for students. Coursework is integrative and collaborative and fosters insight, understanding, independence, initiative, and the desire to reach across divides and redefine our relationship to the peoples and the worlds that surround us.

Core I: Disciplinary Diversity (6-18 credits)

Choose 1 course in 6 different disciplines within the College of Liberal Arts.

Note: Disciplines are differentiated by course prefix. Undistributed credit does not count to satisfy this requirement.

Core II: Social Diversity (1-3 credits)

Culture, religion, disability, gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity all play a role in how others perceive us and how we experience the world, and as such, are meaningful categories for analyzing social change and social problems past and present. The purpose of this category is to acquaint students with the pluralistic nature of the world and foster an appreciation and awareness of the diverse range of lived human experience. Courses in this list will expose students to important aspects of human diversity and foster understanding about different world views.

Choose one course from this list: CLA Core II - Social Diversity Selective List   .

Core III: Linguistic Diversity (3-4 credits)

Proficiency through Level IV in one world language. Courses may be required to reach Level IV proficiency; these courses will be counted toward electives.

Foundational Requirements (21-30 credits)

Students must complete approved coursework that meet the following foundational outcomes. Many of these can also be used to fulfill Core I, Core II, or Core III.

• Humanities - all approved courses accepted.
• Behavioral/Social Science - all approved courses accepted.
• Information Literacy - all approved courses accepted.
• Science #1 - all approved courses accepted.
• Science #2 - all approved courses accepted.
• Science, Technology, and Society - all approved courses accepted.
• Written Communication - all approved courses accepted.
• Oral Communication - all approved courses accepted.
• Quantitative Reasoning - all approved courses accepted.
• Double counting of courses is allowed across the various categories.
• All accredited programs whose accreditation is threatened by CLA Core requirement, both professional BAs and BFAs, are exempt from Liberal Arts Core I & II in order to meet accreditation standards and requirements. Liberal Arts Core III: Linguistic Diversity is still required for such programs.
• “Degree +” students (students with a second major outside of Liberal Arts) are exempt from the CLA Core.

Electives (35-59 credits)

Grade requirements.

• A grade of “B-” or better in ENGL 20500 is required before attempting courses in Area A.

Course Requirements and Notes

• All Creative Writing courses (Area A) except 20500, 31600, and 31700 may be repeated once by Creative Writing majors for credit. (The 40000 and 50000 level courses should be taken in order in any given genre; exceptions are granted by the permission of instructor.)

College of Liberal Arts Pass/No Pass Option Policy

• P/NP cannot be used to satisfy Liberal Arts Core, Liberal Arts major, minor, or certificate requirements.

University Requirements

University core requirements, for a complete listing of university core course selectives, visit the provost’s website ..

• Human Cultures: Behavioral/Social Science (BSS)
• Human Cultures: Humanities (HUM)
• Information Literacy (IL)
• Oral Communication (OC)
• Quantitative Reasoning (QR)
• Science #1 (SCI)
• Science #2 (SCI)
• Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
• Written Communication (WC) 

Civics Literacy Proficiency Requirement

The civics literacy proficiency activities are designed to develop civic knowledge of purdue students in an effort to graduate a more informed citizenry. for more information visit the civics literacy proficiency  website..

Students will complete the Proficiency by passing a test of civic knowledge, and completing one of three paths:

• Attending six approved civics-related events and completing an assessment for each; or
• Completing 12 podcasts created by the Purdue Center for C-SPAN Scholarship and Engagement that use C-SPAN material and completing an assessment for each; or
• Earning a passing grade for one of  these approved courses (or transferring in approved AP or departmental credit in lieu of taking a course).

Upper Level Requirement

• Resident study at Purdue University for at least two semesters and the enrollment in and completion of at least 32 semester hours of coursework required and approved for the completion of the degree. These courses are expected to be at least junior-level (30000+) courses.
• Students should be able to fulfill most , if not all , of these credits within their major requirements; there should be a clear pathway for students to complete any credits not completed within their major.

Additional Information

• Liberal Arts offers a streamlined plan of study for students pursuing a second degree outside CLA. Contact the CLA Advising Office for more information.

Sample 4-Year Plan

Fall 1st year.

• Written Communication - Credit Hours: 3.00-4.00
• World Language Level I  - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Quantitative Reasoning - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Behavioral/Social Sciences (CLA Core I: 1 of 6) - Credit Hours: 3.00

15-16 Credits

Spring 1st year.

• Oral Communication - Credit Hours: 3.00
• World Language Level II - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Humanities (CLA Core I: 2 of 6) - Credit Hours 3.00
• Science - Credit Hours: 3.00

Fall 2nd Year

• Area A Creative Writing Selective - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Area C Selective - Credit Hours: 3.00
• World Language Level III - Credit Hours: 3.00
• CLA Core I: 3 of 6 - Credit Hours: 3.00

Spring 2nd Year

• Area C Selective - Credit Hours: 3.0
• World Language Level IV (CLA Core III) - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Science, Technology, and Society - Credit Hours: 3.00
• CLA Core I: 4 of 6 - Credit Hours: 3.00

Fall 3rd Year

• CLA Core I: 5 of 6 - Credit Hours: 3.00
• CLA Core II: Diversity Selective - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Elective - Credit Hours 3.00

Spring 3rd Year

• Area A Creative Writing Selective - Credit Hours 3.00
• CLA Core I: 6 of 6 - Credit Hours: 3.00
• Elective - Credit Hours: 3.00

Fall 4th Year

• Area C Selective - Credit Hours 3.00
• Elective - Credit Hours: 3.00

Spring 4th Year

Pre-requisite information.

For pre-requisite information, click here .

World Language Courses

World Language proficiency requirements vary by program. The following list is inclusive of all world languages PWL offers for credit; for acceptable languages and proficiency levels, see your advisor. (ASL-American Sign Language; ARAB-Arabic; CHNS-Chinese; FR-French; GER-German; GREK-Greek(Ancient); HEBR-Hebrew(Biblical); HEBR-Hebrew(Modern); ITAL-Italian; JPNS-Japanese; KOR-Korean; LATN-Latin; PTGS=Portuguese; RUSS-Russian; SPAN-Spanish)

Critical Course

The ♦ course is considered critical.

In alignment with the Degree Map Guidance for Indiana’s Public Colleges and Universities, published by the Commission for Higher Education (pursuant to HEA 1348-2013), a Critical Course is identified as “one that a student must be able to pass to persist and succeed in a particular major. Students who want to be nurses, for example, should know that they are expected to be proficient in courses like biology in order to be successful. These would be identified by the institutions for each degree program.”

The student is ultimately responsible for knowing and completing all degree requirements. Consultation with an advisor may result in an altered plan customized for an individual student. The myPurduePlan powered by DegreeWorks is the knowledge source for specific requirements and completion.

Citation Resources

Noodletools.

What is it?

NoodleTools is a resource that allows students to evaluate resources, build accurate citations, archive source material, take notes, outline topics, and prepare to write. It generates accurate MLA, APA, and Chicago/Turabian references with options to annotate and archive lists of documents. It offers a visual ‘tabletop’ to manipulate, tag and pile notecards, then connect them in outlines to prepare for writing.

Why use it?

Use this resource if you are looking for an all-in-one resource to assist with note-taking, citations, and pre-writing projects.

Here is an in-depth tutorial on how to use Noodle Tools.

Citing Sources LibGuide

A guide created by Bellevue University librarians covering how to cite print and electronic sources using APA or MLA style. It also includes links to other relevant resources.

Use this guide if you’re looking for information regarding citing sources in NoodleTools. You can also use a link within the guide to contact the Reference Team if you need further assistance.

These tutorials offer overviews and instruction on commonly asked citation questions.

• A Focus on In-Text Referencing
• Help! What is APA? 
• How to Add Citations From EBSCOhost and ProQuest Databases Directly Into NoodleTools

Additional Resources

Monday – Friday: 7:30 AM – 10:30 PM (CST) Saturday: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM (CST) Sunday: 10:00 AM – 7:00 PM (CST) Reference Desk: 402.557.7313 Toll Free: 1.800.756.7920 Ext: 557-7313 E-mail: [email protected]

Writing Center The Bellevue University Writing Center is located in the Library and offers many forms of writing assistance, including with documentation and citation.

Online Writing Lab (OWL) This guide from Purdue University breaks down citing sources in APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and more step by step.

Harvard Guide to Using Sources This guide from Harvard University covers every part of the research process, from resource evaluation to citing sources.

Plagiarism & Copyright Resources The Library’s Plagiarism & Copyright Resources page describes plagiarism and how to avoid it through proper citation, and has links to a tutorial on copyright and our Copyright Center.

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