what are holy books

Sacred Texts Of Major World Religions

The mystical pillars of all world faiths are surprisingly within reach in the form of a bundle of texts and ancient records that have been delicately protected for thousands of years. Between major world religions like Christianity , Islam , Hinduism , Buddhism , Judaism , and Taoism , monks from long-forgotten ages worked diligently to ensure the versions we carry today. Their hope was to maintain these texts to accurately represent the histories and faiths of cultures and civilizations that now exist only in their modern-day descendants. 

However, many religions suffer from an occasional fracturing over core values, and with that, new sacred texts blossom in an attempt to guide the spiritual flock of that era. Furthermore, what we read today, in modern tongues, can never accurately represent the forgotten cultural references and idioms that some of these texts relied on for a specific audience. Some degree of critical analysis is necessary to approach these religious epics where some stories could have been either allegories or even stageplays that are now, possibly mistakenly, taken literally. Due to the thousands of years of historical and religious knowledge needed to decipher each of these texts, an appropriate way to begin is to ask who, what, when, where, and why? That caution is vital when considering that different faiths might revere a single religious book. Therefore, read closely to uncover the secrets and dramatic events that ultimately defined each of these sets Sacred Texts.

The Holy Bible - Christianity

Primarily, the sacred texts of Christianity are the Old and New Testaments found within the Bible. The Bible is divided into the Old Testament, also known as the Torah to the Jews, which is sacred to both Jews and Christians, and the New Testament, which is specifically Christian. Protestant , Orthodox , and Catholic Christians all share these texts but may have some differences in their canon. The New Testament is specifically centered around the teachings of Jesus Christ, whom Christians regard as God on Earth. 

The Old Testament, also known as the Hebrew Bible, contains 39 books. In the Protestant Bible, 46 books in the Catholic Bible, and up to 49 books in the Orthodox Bible. It was written approximately between 1400 BCE and 165 BCE by multiple authors. The New Testament contains 27 books, which are the same across all Christian denominations. These books were written by various authors between 50 and 100 CE. The original language of the Old Testament is primarily Hebrew, with some portions in Aramaic , while the New Testament was written in (Koine) Greek.

Translations of the Bible have changed the original texts over time, though efforts have been made to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the translations. Language differences, cultural context, and the need for interpretation have led to variations among translations. It is also important to note that the original texts themselves have undergone changes over time due to scribal errors, editing, and additions.

Catholics have a set of books known as the Apocrypha or Deuterocanonical books, which are included in the Catholic Old Testament but are not accepted by most Protestants. While some Protestant denominations may refer to or study these texts for historical or cultural context, they generally do not consider them canonical or divinely inspired. Orthodox Christians also have additional texts that are not recognized by Catholics or Protestants.

The authors of the biblical texts include various prophets, apostles, and other figures throughout ancient Israel's history and the early Christian church. The study of early church tradition is especially important in Eastern Orthodoxy. The exact authorship of many books is debated or unknown, and some books may have multiple authors or have been edited over time.

The texts within the Bible discuss various topics, such as the history of the Israelites, the life and teachings of Jesus Christ, ethical and moral teachings, and prophetic messages. The Old Testament primarily focuses on the covenant between God and the Israelites, while the New Testament emphasizes the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ and the establishment of the Christian church.

The Quran, Hadith, and the Tafsir - Islam

The sacred texts and written collections of Islam include the Quran , the Hadith, and the Tafsir. The Quran is the primary religious text of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. The Hadith are collections of reports documenting the sayings, actions, and opinions of the Prophet Muhammad. Tafsir is the exegesis or interpretation of the Quran. There are some differences in the compilations of the Hadith and interpretation of the texts between Sunni and Shia Islam.

The Quran discusses a wide range of topics, including theology, morality, law, guidance for personal conduct, and the relationship between God and humanity. It is divided into 114 chapters called Surahs, which vary in length and cover diverse subjects. The Hadith collections contain reports on various aspects of the Prophet Muhammad's life, providing context and elaboration on the teachings of the Quran.

The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of 23 years (610-632 CE). The original language of the Quran is classical Arabic . The Hadith was compiled by various scholars in the first few centuries after the Prophet's death. There have been many translations of the Quran and Hadith into different languages over time, and while the translations may have varied, the original Arabic text is considered immutable.

While the Quran is believed to have been verbally revealed by God to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel, the Hadith is slightly different. The Hadith was written by various scholars who collected reports from people who had direct or indirect contact with the Prophet. The most widely accepted Hadith collections in Sunni Islam are Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, while in Shia Islam, the main collections are Al-Kafi, Man La Yahduruhu Al-Faqih, Tahdhib Al-Ahkam, and Al-Istibsar.

Sunni and Shia Muslims do refer to some of each other's sacred texts, although the degree of acceptance and interpretation of the texts can differ significantly. While both Sunni and Shia Muslims accept the Quran as the central sacred text, they differ in their acceptance of certain Hadith collections. Sunni Muslims generally do not give the same weight to Shia Hadith collections and vice versa. However, some common ground can be found in the study and interpretation of shared texts.

The Sacred Texts of Hinduism

Hinduism has a vast collection of sacred texts and written collections, including the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, and more. The Vedas are the oldest and most important texts, composed between 1500 and 500 BCE. They consist of four parts: Rigveda, Yajurveda, Samaveda, and Atharvaveda. These texts contain hymns, mantras, rituals, and philosophical discussions. The Upanishads discuss the essence of reality, self, and the universe. Scribes compiled them between 800 and 500 BCE.

The Puranas, composed between 500 CE and 1000 CE, are a genre of religious texts that narrate the universe's history, legends, and myths. The Bhagavad Gita, a part of the Indian epic Mahabharata, is another important Hindu scripture that presents a conversation between Prince Arjuna and the god Krishna on various topics such as duty, action, and devotion.

The authors of these texts are largely unknown, though some are likely sages such as Vyasa and Valmiki. They wrote in Sanskrit , an ancient Indian language. Over time, scribes translated the texts into various languages, which could have led to differences in interpretation. However, the core teachings have largely remained consistent.

The major sects of Hinduism, such as Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism, acknowledge each other's sacred texts. They have different emphases and interpretations of the texts but generally accept their authority. Vaishnavism focuses on the worship of Vishnu, Shaivism on Shiva, Shaktism on the Divine Mother, and Smartism on the worship of multiple deities. Despite their differences, these sects share a common foundation in the Vedas and other sacred texts.

The Sacred Texts of Buddhism

Buddhism has various sacred texts, the most important of which are the Tripitaka and the Mahayana Sutras. The Tripitaka is the primary holy text for Theravada Buddhists, while Mahayana Buddhists revere the Mahayana Sutras.

The Tripitaka, or "Three Baskets," is a collection of three sections: the Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules), the Sutta Pitaka (teachings and discourses), and the Abhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical and psychological analysis). The Mahayana Sutras encompass a vast range of texts, including the Prajnaparamita Sutras (Perfection of Wisdom), the Lotus Sutra, the Avatamsaka Sutra, the Pure Land Sutras, and the Vimalakirti Sutra, among others. There are also other texts in the Vajrayana tradition, such as the Tibetan Book of the Dead, which Vajrayana Buddhists revere.

Major Buddhist sects, such as Theravada and Mahayana, generally respect and study each other's sacred texts to some extent, recognizing their shared roots and the value of diverse perspectives. However, they may prioritize their own core texts and interpret them differently according to their respective traditions and beliefs.

The sacred texts of Buddhism discuss a wide range of topics, including the teachings of the Buddha , ethical conduct, meditation, the nature of reality, the path to enlightenment, and the nature of suffering and its cessation. They also guide monastic life and the community of practitioners.

The texts' age varies, but scribes wrote down most of the Tripitaka between the 1st century BCE and the 1st century CE. However, the oral tradition potentially dates back to the time of the historical Buddha in the 5th century BCE. Likewise, the Mahayana Sutras were composed between the 1st century BCE and the 5th century CE. The original language of the Tripitaka is Pali, an ancient Indian language closely related to Sanskrit. The Mahayana Sutras were written in various languages, including Sanskrit and Gandhari.

According to traditional history, the teachings in the Tripitaka were transmitted orally by the disciples of the Buddha and later written down by the monastic community. The authorship of the Mahayana Sutras is more complex, as some texts claim to be the direct teachings of the Buddha. In contrast, others were sayings of various Buddhist masters or celestial beings. Translations of Buddhist texts have indeed changed over time, as they have been translated into numerous languages and adapted for different cultures. 

The Tanakh and the Talmud - Judaism

The sacred texts of Judaism primarily include the Hebrew Bible, also known as the Tanakh, and the Talmud. The Tanakh consists of three parts: the Torah (Pentateuch), the Nevi'im (Prophets), and the Ketuvim (Writings). The Talmud is a gathering of rabbinic discussions, interpretations, and laws, which has two main versions: the Babylonian Talmud and the Jerusalem Talmud.

Different Jewish sects, such as Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist, generally accept the same sacred texts, although they may interpret them differently. All sects recognize the importance of the Tanakh, while the Talmud is primarily a central text in Orthodox and Conservative Judaism. In some cases, specific mystical or philosophical texts, such as the Zohar, are more prominent within particular movements, like Kabbalah and Hasidic Judaism .

Major Jewish sects generally respect each other's sacred texts, but the degree to which they use and rely on them may vary. For example, while Orthodox Judaism strictly adheres to the interpretations in the Talmud, Reform Judaism may not emphasize the Talmud's legal aspects as much.

The sacred texts discuss a wide range of topics, from religious laws, ethics, and moral teachings to historical narratives, poetry, and prophetic visions. The Torah contains the foundational laws and narratives of Judaism, the Nevi'im recounts the stories of prophets and their messages, and the Ketuvim includes poetic, philosophical, and historical writings.

The Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) writings were composed over approximately 1,000 years, from the 12th to the 2nd century BCE. The language is Biblical Hebrew , with some portions in Biblical Aramaic. Scribes compiled the Talmud between the 3rd and 6th centuries CE, with the Babylonian Talmud finishing around 500 CE and the Jerusalem Talmud around 400 CE. Both versions of the Talmud were written in a mixture of Hebrew and Aramaic.

Over time, translations of Jewish texts have evolved, and some meanings may have shifted or been lost. The Septuagint, a Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible completed in the 3rd to 2nd centuries BCE, is one of the earliest translations. Additionally, the Masoretic Text, a standardized version of the Hebrew Bible, was developed by Jewish scholars between the 7th and 10th centuries CE to ensure consistency in transmission and interpretation. Many modern translations are based on the Masoretic Text.

The authors of the Hebrew Bible were various prophets, scribes, and poets, with some parts traditionally ascribed to specific figures, like Moses for the Torah or King David for the Psalms. However, modern scholarly consensus suggests that multiple authors likely composed and edited the texts over time. The Talmud is a compilation of discussions by rabbis and scholars who contributed to its development over several centuries.

The Sacred Texts of Taoism

Taoism is an ancient Chinese philosophy and religious tradition that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao, the natural flow of the universe. Its sacred texts and collections of writings are numerous and varied, reflecting the diversity of Taoist thought and practice. Significant texts include the Tao Te Ching, the Zhuangzi, and the Daozang. Different sects may refer to alternate collections, but these works are generally considered foundational for Taoism. Classical Chinese is the language of the original Tao texts; over time, numerous languages received their translations. 

The Tao Te Ching is the primary text of Taoism, attributed to the legendary sage Lao Tzu. Ancient scholars recorded the oral teachings in written form around the 5th century BCE, and it consists of 81 short chapters. The text is written in Classical Chinese, discussing the nature of the Tao, the art of governing, and the principles of leading a harmonious and virtuous life.

The Zhuangzi, attributed to the philosopher Zhuang Zhou who wrote it around the 5th to 3rd century BCE, is another critical Taoist text. The text contains allegories, anecdotes, and parables, delving into philosophy, the relativity of human values, and the importance of spontaneous and natural living.

The Daozang, also known as the Taoist Canon, is a large collection of writings with over 1,400 texts. Emperors and dynasties compiled it in various stages between the 5th and 15th centuries. The Daozang contains various materials, such as scriptures, commentaries, liturgical texts, and works on alchemy, cosmology, and meditation. The content of the Daozang varies between different editions, reflecting the various sects and schools of Taoism.

The strength of our shared humanity has always rested on our ability to communicate with each other. That communication includes sharing practical ideas and spiritual values that guide our communities and provide hope during overwhelming distress. Each sacred text embodies that criteria: certain proverbs share information like the ideal way to harvest crops, and others teach ways to live peacefully during famine or wartime. Despite a global trend towards secularism, modern institutions are founded on many of the values that our ancestors weaved into these holy books and teachings; for that, we salute them.

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The Four Revealed Books in Islam – The Books of Allah

Being a Muslim it is our belief that Allah Almighty sent down divine holy books for the guidance of mankind on different Prophets. Allah Almighty revealed these holy books on His messengers in order to convey the message of Allah to mankind. All of these divine holy books contained nothing but the truth of their time. These books call people to worship Allah alone and that He is the Creator, Proprietor, and Owner of this world and the Hereafter. Allah Almighty says in Noble Quran which is the fourth sacred holy book: “Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance (justice) that mankind may keep up justice.” (Quran, 57:25)

The Four Books of Allah

Allah Almighty sent many books on different messengers but below we will discuss major four divine books of Almighty Allah. Most of Allah’s revelations have been lost or altered. They have been combined with legend, folklore, and personal desires to create something very much unlike what Allah originally revealed. The only book which is in its original form till now and will be till the Day of Judgment is the Holy Quran. Below we will discuss the 4 revealed holy books in Islam.

This is the revelation sent down by Almighty Allah to Prophet Musa (AS). The Tawrat is usually indicates the “Law” in the Quran. Specifically, the Law of Moses. Many people associate the Tawrat with the Torah of the Jewish faith, or the Old Testament of the Christian faith. The actual text of this holy book has been lost Muslims believe that Tawrat is the holy book in which true commands revealed on Prophet Musa (AS) by Allah Almighty. In Holy Quran Allah (SWT) said: “Verily, We did send down the Torah [to Musa], therein was guidance and light, by which the Prophets, who submitted themselves to Allah’s Will, judged the Jews. And the rabbis and the priests [too judged the Jews by the Torah after those Prophets] for to them was entrusted the protection of Allah’s Book, and they were witnesses thereto. Therefore fear not men but fear Me (O Jews) and sell not My Verses for a miserable price. And whosoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, such are the disbelievers.” (Quran, 5:44)

The Zabur is the book of Allah that was revealed to Prophet Dawud (AS). It means “songs” in Arabic, as this revelation came to Prophet Dawud (AS) in the form of a series of songs or chants. The original text of this holy book just like Tawrat is no longer with us. The original message of the holy book Zabur is still preserved in the Holy Quran because the Prophet Dawud (AS) preached Tawheed. In Holy Quran Allah Almighty says: “…and to Dawood We gave the Zaboor.” (Quran, 4:163)

The Injeel is the holy book of Allah Almighty that revealed to Prophet Eesa (Jesus, AS). Injeel means Gospel Book or it is often just translated as The Gospel. Like the Tawrat, many people make the mistake of stating the Injeel is the new testimonial of the Bible. But that is far from the truth. Like many other Books of Allah (SWT), the actual text of Injeel is no longer available. That’s why Muslims are not allowed to read the holy books that have been altered. Just like other holy books of Allah, the message of the Injeel is also preserved in the message of the Holy Quran. In Quran Allah Almighty says: “…and My mercy encompasses all things; so I will ordain it (specially) for those who are pious and give Zakah (Obligatory Charity), and those who believe in Our Ayahs. Those who follow the unlettered Prophet, whom they find written down with them in the Torah and the Injeel (who) enjoins them good and forbids them evil, and makes lawful to them the good things and makes unlawful to them impure things, and removes from them their burden and the shackles which were upon them; so (as for) those who believe in him and honor him and help him, and follow the light which has been sent down with him, these it is that are the successful.” (Quran, 7:156)

The Holy Quran

The Holy Quran is the fourth and last sacred book of Allah Almighty. It was revealed on the last Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Its primary message is the message of Tawheed, or Islamic monotheism. The Noble Quran is the only book of Allah that is still available in its original text. Allah Almighty promised in the Holy Quran that His message will be preserved forever, and 1400 years later, that is still true. The Quran that we use to study today is exactly the same as the one used over a thousand years ago. And since the Quran is in Arabic, we always have one, standardized version of it. The Holy Quran is the final book of Allah (SWT), and its core message cover the message of all holy books of Allah Almighty. Allah Almighty says in Quran: “[It is] He Who has sent down the Book (the Quran) to you (Muhammad (PBUH)) with truth, confirming what came before it. And he sent down the Torah and the Injeel. Aforetime, as a guidance to mankind, And He sent down the Furqaan (The Criterion) [of judgment between right and wrong (this Quran)].” (Quran, 3:3-4)

Being a Muslim we must believe in all the heavenly books and also believe that they are from Allah Almighty. It is not lawful for him to accept by its laws, since these divine books were revealed to certain nations at certain times. It is necessary for those who believe in the Holy Quran to believe in the other Heavenly Books. But we should remember one thing that the belief of the Muslims in the “Books of Allah” refers solely to the ‘original guidance’ received by their Prophets, and not to the present day version of these Holy Books except the Holy Quran.

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The Quran is the holy book of the Islamic world. Collected over a 23-year period during the 7th century C.E., the Quran is said to consist of Allah's revelations to the prophet Muhammad, transmitted through the angel Gabriel. Those revelations were written down by scribes as Muhammad pronounced them during his ministry, and his followers continued to recite them after his death. At the behest of the Caliph Abu Bakr, the chapters and verses were collected into a book in 632 C.E; that version of the book, written in Arabic, has been the holy book of Islam for over 13 centuries. 

Islam is an Abrahamic religion, meaning that, like Christianity and Judaism, it reveres the biblical patriarch Abraham and his descendants and followers.

• The Quran is the holy book of Islam. It was written in the 7th century C.E. 
• Its content is the wisdom of Allah as received and preached by Muhammad.
• The Quran is divided into chapters (called surah) and verses (ayat) of differing length and topics.  
• It is also divided into sections (juz) as a 30-day reading schedule for Ramadan. 
• Islam is an Abrahamic religion and like Judaism and Christianity, it honors Abraham as the patriarch.
• Islam reveres Jesus ('Isa) as a holy prophet and his mother Mary (Mariam) as a holy woman.

Organization

The Quran is divided into 114 chapters of different topics and lengths, known as surah. Each surah is made up of verses, known as ayat (or ayah). The shortest surah is Al-Kawthar, made up of only three verses; the longest is Al-Baqara, with 286 verses. The chapters are classified as Meccan or Medinan, based on whether they were written before Muhammad's pilgrimage to Mecca (Medinan), or afterward (Meccan). The 28 Medinan chapters are mainly concerned with the social life and growth of the Muslim community; the 86 Meccan deal with faith and the afterlife. 

The Quran is also broken into 30 equal sections, or juz'. These sections are organized so that the reader can study the Quran over the course of a month. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are recommended to complete at least one full reading of the Quran from cover to cover. The ajiza (plural of juz') serve as a guide to accomplish that task.

The themes of the Quran are interwoven throughout the chapters, rather than presented in chronological or thematic order. Readers may utilize a concordance—an index that lists each usage of every word in the Quran—to look for particular themes or topics.

Creation According to the Quran

Although the story of the creation in the Quran does say "Allah created the heavens and the earth, and all that is between them, in six days," the Arabic term " yawm " ("day") might be better translated as "period." Yawm is defined as different lengths at different times. The original couple, Adam and Hawa, are looked upon as the parents of the human race : Adam is a prophet of Islam and his wife Hawa or Hawwa (Arabic for Eve) is the mother of the human race. 

Women in the Quran

Like the other Abrahamic religions, there are many women in the Quran . Only one is explicitly named: Mariam. Mariam is the mother of Jesus, who himself is a prophet in the Muslim faith. Other women who are mentioned but not named include the wives of Abraham (Sara, Hajar) and Asiya (Bithiah in the Hadith), the wife of the Pharaoh, foster mother to Moses. 

The Quran and the New Testament

The Quran doesn't reject Christianity or Judaism, but rather refers to Christians as "people of the book," meaning people who received and believe in the revelations from God's prophets. Verses highlight commonalities between Christians and Muslims but consider Jesus a prophet, not a god, and warns Christians that worshiping Christ as a god is sliding into polytheism: Muslims see Allah as the only one true God. 

"Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians—whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord. And there will be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve" (2:62, 5:69, and many other verses).

Mary and Jesus

Mariam , as the mother of Jesus Christ is called in the Quran, is a righteous woman in her own right: The 19th chapter of the Quran is entitled The Chapter of Mary, and describes the Muslim version of the immaculate conception of Christ. 

Jesus is called 'Isa in the Quran , and many stories found in the New Testament are in the Quran as well, including those stories of his miraculous birth, his teachings, and the miracles he performed. The main difference is that in the Quran, Jesus is a prophet sent by God, not his son. 

Getting Along in the World: Interfaith Dialogue

Juz' 7 of the Quran is dedicated, among other things, to an interfaith dialogue. While Abraham and the other prophets call upon the people to have faith and leave false idols, the Quran asks believers to bear the rejection of Islam by nonbelievers with patience and not to take it personally. 

"But if Allah had willed, they would not have associated. And We have not appointed you over them as a guardian, nor are you a manager over them." (6:107)

Modern critics of Islam say the Quran promotes terrorism . Although written during a period of commonplace inter-trial violence and vengeance, the Quran actively promotes justice, peace, and restraint. It explicitly admonishes believers to refrain from falling into sectarian violence —violence against one's brothers.

"As for those who divide their religion and break up into sects, you have no part of them in the least. Their affair is with Allah; He will, in the end, tell them the truth of all that they did." (6:159)

The Arabic Language of the Quran

The Arabic text of the original Arabic Quran is identical and unchanged since its revelation in the 7th century C.E. About 90 percent of Muslims around the world do not speak Arabic as a native tongue, and there are many translations of the Quran available in English and other languages. However, for reciting prayers and reading chapters and verses in the Quran, Muslims do use Arabic to participate as part of their shared faith.

Reading and Recitation

The Prophet Muhammad instructed his followers to “beautify the Quran with your voices” (Abu Dawud). Recitation of the Quran in a group is a common practice, and the precise and melodious undertaking is a way adherents preserve and share its messages.

While many English translations of the Quran contain footnotes, certain passages may need extra explanation or need to be placed in a more complete context. If needed, students use the Tafseer, an exegesis or commentary , to provide more information.

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Belief in the Four Holy Books is an Essential Part of Islam

Quran – an intricate and beautiful book that is a light, a warning, a promise for Muslims. It was divinely revealed over fourteen hundred years ago. Ever since, the Quran remains a Muslim’s solace, hope, and guide.

Quran, the Holy Book of Islam

The Quran, the holy book of Islam, was given to Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam. The Quran contains many references to other books that God sent to prophets at different times in history – namely, the Book of Abraham, the Torah to Moses, the Psalms to David and the Gospel to Jesus.

Believing in all four books is an essential part of the Islamic creed.

Each book was revealed by God to these messengers who then passed His words onto their people. While the Book of Abraham has been entirely lost, the Psalms, the Torah, and the Gospel, according to Islam, are no longer in their original state.

They have been added to, cannot be traced directly to their prophets, or were simply altered. Only the Quran has been preserved in its original state, exactly as it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad.

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Quran Affirms the Messages that Preceded it

The Quran affirms the core message present in the former books. It verifies that each contained divine guidance and elaborates upon their beliefs. At the same time, it points out the modifications and reinforces the correct message.

Hence, the Quran, the final revelation for all of humankind until Judgment Day, was sent to confirm, explain, and to an extent, correct the books that already existed.

We sent Jesus, son of Mary, in their footsteps, to confirm the Torah that had been sent before him: We gave him the Gospel with guidance, light, and confirmation of the Torah already revealed; a guide and lesson for those who take heed of God. … We sent to you [Muhammad] the Scripture with the truth, confirming the Scriptures that came before it, and with final authority over them. (Quran 5:46-48 )

Despite their differences, the central beliefs in all four holy books are the same. Each text preaches that there is one God. They share the concept that God sends Prophets to teach the common people how to live their lives according to God’s instructions.

The four holy books also say that we will all be held accountable on the Day of Judgment; eventually, everyone will end up in either hell or paradise.

Read: Where Does the Bible Agree with the Quran?

Each holy book is greatly significant to its people; every Muslim must believe in them. After all, they were sent down by the One God, with one purpose: to guide people to His worship which enables them to lead righteous lives.

And, although all four books are, by now, very different, they are still bound, as one, by the same message: that God is eternally, infinitely one.

Source: https://www.whyislam.org.

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The Holy Books

Muslims believe that God revealed his Will to mankind at different times in history, but that the most perfect and final revelation was to Muhammad. However, they include the religious texts of Judaism and Christianity amongst their holy texts. Alongside the Qur'an itself, four other books are mentioned in the Qur'an:

Torah (Tawrat)

• Muslims believe the Torah was given by God to Moses known as Musa.
• However, they believe that the text has been changed or corrupted so it doesn't represent the perfect revelation.

Psalms (Zabur)

• The book of Psalms is attributed to King David. Muslims believe they are similar to the ones in the Bible.

The Gospel (Injil)

• This book was given to Isa by Allah.
• The exact text is thought to have been lost over time. However, the book refers to the teachings of Jesus, and some think it contains the same ideas as in the Christian New Testament.
• Muslims believe this text prophecies the coming of Muhammad.

The scrolls of Abraham (Ṣuḥuf)

• This text is believed to have the teachings God gave to Abraham (Ibrahim).

Qu'ran

• Each holy book has authority, but the Qur’an has the ultimate authority. All others have been corrupted in some way.
• The Qur’an is the final revelation from God.

The Qur’an: Revelation and Authority

The Qur’an (or Koran) is the record of Allah’s revelation to Muhammad.

Meaning of 'Qur'an'

• The word ‘Qur'an’ means recital as the teachings were originally said by heart by Muhammad to his followers.
• The teachings were committed to memory and only later written down.

Original text

• Muslims believe the original text of the Qur'an is now in heaven. After Muhammad’s death Abu Bakr, the first Caliph, organised the official copy.
• This authentic text copy is what all others texts are now based on, which ensures their authenticity.

• Like the Bible, the Qur'an is a mixture of history and legal texts.
• The Qur'an is comprised of 114 surahs (chapters). The chapters are organised in order of length with the longest first (except the first surah).
• Believers are encouraged to learn the text by heart. Some children attend lessons after school to practice reading the Qur'an and to learn the text by heart.

Interpreting the Qur'an

• It is the literal word of God - but that does not mean it has to be interpreted literally.
• This must be taken into account when interpreting the Qur'an and applying its meaning from the 7th century to a modern context.

1.1 Key Beliefs

1.1.1 The Dhamma

1.1.2 The Five Skandhas

1.1.3 Aspects of Human Life

1.1.4 The Buddha

1.1.5 The Ascetic & Enlightened Life

1.1.6 Dhukka

1.1.7 Samudaya

1.1.8 Nirodha

1.1.9 Magga

1.1.10 The Wheel of Life

1.1.11 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Key Beliefs

1.2 Practices

1.2.1 Places of Worship

1.2.2 Objects of Worship

1.2.4 Meditation

1.2.5 Death

1.2.6 Festivals

1.2.7 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Practices

1.3.1 Kamma

1.3.2 Five Moral Precepts

1.3.3 End of Topic Test - Buddhism Ethics

2 Christianity

2.1 Key Beliefs

2.1.1 The Nature of God

2.1.2 The Problem of Evil

2.1.3 Monotheism

2.1.4 Creation

2.1.5 Bible Accounts of Creation

2.1.6 The Trinity and Creation

2.1.7 Afterlife

2.1.8 Heaven and Hell

2.1.9 The Influence of Afterlife on Life

2.1.10 End of Topic Test - Christianity Key Beliefs

2.1.11 Exam-Style Questions - Christian Beliefs

2.2 Jesus Christ & Salvation

2.2.1 The Incarnation

2.2.2 Jesus - Divine & Human

2.2.3 The Crucifixion

2.2.4 Jesus' Betrayal

2.2.5 Resurrection & Ascension

2.2.7 Original Sin

2.2.8 Punishment

2.2.9 The Means of Salvation

2.2.10 Achieving Salvation

2.2.11 Disagreements About Salvation

2.2.12 The Role of Christ in Salvation

2.2.13 Theories of Salvation

2.2.14 End of Topic Test - Jesus Christ & Salvation

2.3 Worship & Festivals

2.3.1 Different Forms of Worship

2.3.2 Prayer

2.3.3 Sacrament

2.3.4 Baptism

2.3.5 Other Sacraments

2.3.6 Eucharist

2.3.7 Pilgrimage & Celebrations

2.3.8 Christmas & Easter

2.3.9 End of Topic Test - Worship and Festivals

2.4 Community

2.4.1 Local Community

2.4.2 Mission, Evangelism & Church Growth

2.4.3 Worldwide Church

2.4.4 Reconciliation

2.4.5 Persecution

2.4.6 Caring for Those in Need

2.4.7 End of Topic Test - Community

2.4.8 Exam-Style Questions - Christian Practices

3 Catholicism (Christianity)

3.1 Key Beliefs

3.1.1 The Trinity

3.1.2 Creation

3.1.3 Incarnation

3.1.4 Redemption

3.1.5 Life After Death

3.1.6 Heaven and Hell

3.1.7 End of Topic Test - Catholic Key Beliefs

3.2 The Seven Sacraments

3.2.1 Meaning & Significance

3.2.2 Baptism

3.2.3 Confirmation

3.2.4 Reconciliation

3.2.5 Anointing of the Sick

3.2.6 Marriage

3.2.7 Holy Orders

3.2.8 The Eucharist

3.2.9 End of Topic Test - The Seven Sacraments

3.3 Practices

3.3.1 Prayer

3.3.2 Popular Piety

3.3.3 Pilgrimage

3.3.4 Pilgrimages HyperLearning

3.3.5 Funeral Rites

3.3.6 The Duty to Love Our Neighbour

3.3.7 Catholic Agencies

3.3.8 Catholic Social Teaching

3.3.9 Justice

3.3.11 Mission & Evangelism

3.3.12 End of Topic Test - Catholic Practices

4.1 Key Beliefs

4.1.1 Oneness of God

4.1.2 Six Articles of Faith

4.1.3 Five Roots of Usul

4.1.4 The Nature of God

4.1.5 Angels

4.1.6 Freedom

4.1.7 Life After Death

4.1.8 Human Responsibility

4.1.9 End of Topic Test - Muslim Key Beliefs

4.2 Authority

4.2.1 Prophethood

4.2.2 The Holy Books

4.2.3 The Imamate

4.2.4 End of Topic Test - Muslim Authority

4.3 Practices

4.3.1 Worship

4.3.2 Ten Obligatory Acts

4.3.3 Shahadah

4.3.4 Salah & Its Significance

4.3.5 Mosques

4.3.6 Rak'ahs

4.3.8 Zakah

4.3.10 Jihad

4.3.11 Festivals & Commemorations

4.3.12 End of Topic Test - Muslim Practices

4.3.13 Exam-Style Questions - Muslim Practices

5.1 Key Beliefs

5.1.1 The Nature of God

5.1.2 God as One

5.1.3 God's Name

5.1.4 God as Creator

5.1.5 Free Will

5.1.6 God as Law Giver and Judge

5.1.7 The Divine Presence & Beliefs

5.1.8 Role of the Messiah

5.1.9 End of Topic Test - Jewish Key Beliefs

5.1.10 Exam-Style Questions - Jewish Beliefs

5.2 Covenant & The Mitzvot

5.2.1 The Promised Land

5.2.2 Abraham

5.2.3 The Covenant

5.2.4 The Covenant at Sinai

5.2.5 The Covenant at Sinai 2

5.2.6 Key Moral Principles

5.2.7 End of Topic Test - Covenant & The Mitzvot

5.3 The Synagogue & Worship

5.3.1 The Synagogue & Its Importance

5.3.2 Public Acts of Worship

5.3.3 Shabbat

5.3.4 Worship & Law

5.3.5 End of Topic Test - Synagogue & Worship

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Prophethood

The Imamate

Everything You Need to Know About The 4 Holy Books in Islam

Islam is divine religion based on wisdom and a set of beliefs. Belief in Islam is based on six articles of faith. These are Belief in the oneness of God, Belief in the angels of God, 4 holy Books of God, believing in all the prophets of God, Belief in the Day of Judgement and the divine decree, i.e. fate. Therefore, it’s crucial for all believing men and women to wholeheartedly be convinced to adhere to this set of beliefs. 

However, it’s important to point here that the 6 major beliefs in Islam are different from the 5 pillars of Islam and should not be confused. The 5 pillars of Islam are fundamental “practices in Islam”. They are a declaration of faith (shahada), salah, zakat, fasting and Hajj(pilgrimage). Here we will throw light on one of the basic beliefs in Islam:  4 Holy Books in Islam and everything you need to know about these books.

What are the 4 Holy Books?

As mentioned, Belief in the divine books is the third article of faith in the religion Islam. Therefore, to believe in earlier revelations and the Prophets that came before Muhammad (PBUH) are of utmost importance.

The 4 Holy Books of Allah are Zabur (revealed to Dawud A.S),  Tawrat (revealed to  Musa a.s), Injeel (revealed to Isa a.s) and Holy Quran (revealed to Muhammad (PBUH).

All these four books, though sent on different Prophets and nations, share basic values. They all focus on One God as the Supreme Power and guidance sent by God for common people to live their lives accordingly. These books also discuss the principle of heaven and hell.

Moreover, the three scriptures that came before the Holy Quran does not, unfortunately, remain in their original form and have been tampered with from time to time according to the desires of their followers.

1 – Holy Book: The Tawrat

Tawrat was revealed to Musa (A.S). Many associate the Towrat with the Jewish faith’s Torah or Christianity’s Old Testament. Unfortunately, as mentioned in the Quranic verse, the religious scholars of those religions sold the verses (this is altered the verses or excluded them from the original text)  in exchange for their desires and worldly benefits. 

The Tawrat contains the Ten Commandments for the Children of Israel. It was given to Prophet Musa at mount Sinai. It was much needed as the Israelites started to worship the gold calf, thus indulging in Shirk. Musa (A.S) delivered the true guidance of Allah through The Tawrat. Tawrat was revealed in the Hebrew language, which is considered to be the Jews oldest language. 

There are currently over seventy versions of the Torah Bible all over the globe. The believers of the Jewish faith usually read it at the start of the Jewish New Year. 

2 – Holy Book: The Zabur

The Zabur is the Arabic word for psalms. Revealed to Prophet Dawud (A.S), it was an inscription on palm leaves as heard by most people. It is also said that the revelations used to come to Prophet Dawud (A.S) in the form of chants or songs.

Prophet Dawud, who was also honored to be the king, would sing the verses from Zabur instead of mere recitation. In the Hadith narrated by Abu Huraira (RAA), Zabur was made easy for Prophet Dawud. The original text also is not available to us at the current time as it was also tampered with by the Jewish Holy men. Zabur is mentioned three times in the Holy Quran. It is constructed of 150 chapters and is divided into 5 sections.

So who are the readers/users of psalms? It is used by Jews and traditional Eastern and Western Christians. The Quranic verse mentions that Allah has previously mentioned Paradise in the book of psalms. Thus the broad guidelines of the authentic text of the book seem to be similar to Quranic teaching, i.e. mentioning reward in the form of eternal Paradise.

3 – Holy Book: The Injeel

Also known as The Gospel, The Injeel was revealed to Prophet Isa (A.S). Much to the dismay, the book’s original meaning, too, has been changed over a period of time. Many Muslims hold the belief that the original text of Injeel revealed the coming of Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Injeel occurs 12 times in the Holy Quran.

The Injeel mentioned in the Quran is not the New Testament. Instead, it mentions the authentic and single Gospel that was revealed to Jesus and which teaching he imparted to his nation.

The Muslim scholar from Algeria, Tahir al-Jaza’iri from the era of 1900, has interesting insight into the Injeel. He explains according to his study:

• Injeel explains truth
• Calls humanity to profess the Oneness of the Creator
• To cancel some specific secondary laws of the Towrat 
• To announce the coming of Prophet Muhammad (PHUB), the seal of Prophets.

4 – The Holy Quran:

The Holy Quran was revealed on the last Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (SAW). While all the 3 books mentioned above were revealed to the people of a specific era and geographic locations, Quran targets the entire mankind. Irrespective of time, era, caste, creed or any other differences, Quran is universal. Each and every word of the Quran remain in its original form today. 

Quran was revealed over the period of 23 years through angel Jibrail. Companions of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) memorized the Quran as it was revealed and later wrote it down. Quran has a total of 114 chapters. 86 of which are about the Makkah life of Prophet Muhammad  (SAW), while 28 chapters of The Quran are about the Prophet(PBUH) migration to Madinah. 

Conclusion:

Allah sent down his books through His chosen Messengers to guide their people. Islam negates the corruption and tampering made in the original scriptures of the previous books. Thus reading them to adapt to their teaching is forbidden. However,  the scholars of Islam have been consulting these books for comparative religion knowledge and to settle queries of the differences amongst these religions with wisdom.

The true word of Allah that remains to date is The Holy Quran. We hope you were able to assess comprehensive understanding in this ‘Everything You Need to Know About The 4 Holy Books in Islam’ guide. May Allah give us guidance and wisdom to explore more about Islam. 

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About the author.

Hello I am Syra! I hope to communicate gems of wisdom through my writing.

Maqdis Quran is a method to learn Arabic through word by word translation.

I don’t understand how you can all talk about the Quran AL Kareem and in between have advertisements that are shirk 1000%;., it defeats the purpose and doesn’t look right and is really trying to manipulate the true message by surroundings of confusion like this, kind of like a subconscious reminder of wat the higher ups want, confusion, khaos, wrong message, confusion and lies, lies, and more lies, please let us not get confused, offended or in the least bit ” DEAF, DUMB AND BLIND. “. OH ALLAH “TAKE THE WHEEL “. AMEEN. NEVER LOSE FOCUS MY BROTHERS AND SISTERS AND LEARN HOW TO KNOW THE DIFFERENCE, PLEASE, WE ARE in very trying times. MAY GOD-ALLAH-BLESS US ALL, AMEEN A.K.A AMEN.

What i meant by that was astrology advertisements all the way through I. Between Islamic quotes and all over it. I never see that much advertisements period in regards to astrology when it comes to the Bible or the Torah, although they were included on the topic. I believe in all the books from our lord, they are all from our lord, but mankind loves to dip and dab into something they have no business doing, they have committed the ultimate sin by doing this and the lord warned man about this and yet they never take heed. How dare they twist it to they’re liking g and convenience and comfortability???????, may the lord have mercy on they’re souls. I’m grateful to know the difference and know you don’t mess with Allah’s word, not 1 letter was intended for change. God continues to keep track in the book of judgment, nothing goes undone or unknown, Allah has 99 names for a reason.All his books are means of guidance for humanity and they still will not take heed, nor will they listen or hear, or see when God is trying to tell them something or giving them a chance and a message, I’m also one of them, but I have taken the initiative to take the first steps in giving Allah’s messages and warnings an eye opener and let Allah in the depth of my heart and soul, I’m listening oh Allah, I just hope I’m worthy of his graces,I know I’m, for when in doubt, pray to me, come to me, ameen.

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Home » Islam » Four Holy Books of Islam

Four Holy Books of Islam

• Posted in Islam
• Grouped with Articles of Faith , Quran

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• Muhammad Haseeb A.
• December 1, 2023
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Islam is based on six fundamental beliefs, which include the belief in Allah (SWT), angels, the four holy books of Allah Almighty, the Day of Judgment, and the concept of good and bad fate. The belief in the 4 Holy Books of Allah (SWT) is the fourth essential belief in Islam.

According to Islamic teachings, Allah Almighty sent down various books through different messengers to guide humanity towards the right path. The 4 Holy Books of Allah (SWT) are Tawrat, Zabur, Injeel, and the Holy Quran. Allah Almighty revealed Tawrat to the Prophet Musa (AS), Zabur revealed to the Prophet Dawud (AS), Injeel was revealed to the Prophet Isa (AS), and the Holy Quran was revealed to the last and final Prophet, Muhammad (SAW).

These Holy Books contain guidance, wisdom, and teachings on how to live a righteous life according to Allah’s (SWT) will. They serve as a source of inspiration and guidance for Muslims around the world and are revered as the word of Allah Almighty.

Preservation of the Four Holy Books of Islam

Over time, every holy book has undergone changes as people have made alterations to them to fit their circumstances. However, unlike other holy books, the Quran has remained unchanged and will continue to be so until the day of judgment.

The Quran we read today is the same as that was read over a thousand years ago. This is a testament to the remarkable preservation of the Quran and the unwavering faith of its followers. Despite the passage of centuries, the Quran remains unchanged and continues to inspire millions of people around the world.

Preservation of the Holy Quran

The Quran is the final and most authentic revelation from Allah Almighty to humanity. It is the only holy book preserved in its original form, without any additions, deletions, or alterations, since it was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) over 1400 years ago.

The Quran will remain unchanged and protected by Allah (SWT) until the day of judgment, when it will be a witness for or against those who followed or rejected its teachings.

In the Quran, Allah Almighty assures that He is the Guardian and Protector of the Quran.

It is certainly We Who have revealed the Reminder, and it is certainly We Who will preserve it. [Surah Al-Hijr Ayat 9]

Four Holy Books of Islam and Prophets

Different Prophets received the revelation of the four Holy books of Islam in distinct eras. The 4 Holy Books of Allah (SWT) are Tawrat, Zabur, Injeel, and Quran. They were revealed to Prophet Musa (AS), Prophet Dawud (AS), Prophet Isa (AS), and Prophet Muhammad (SAW), respectively.

1. The Torah (Tawrat)

Torah is the first book from the four holy books of Islam. Prophet Moses (Musa) received the Tawrat in Judaism.

2. The Psalms (Zabur)

Zabur is the second book from the four holy books of Islam. The Tawrat was revealed to Prophet David (Dawud).

3. The Bible (Injil)

Delivered to Prophet Jesus (Isa) in Christianity.

4. The Holy Quran

The Quran is one of the most prominent books of the 4 Holy Books of Allah Almighty. Quran Revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in Islam. Considered as the final and complete revelation from Allah (SWT).

These four books are fundamental to their respective religions, serving as guidance, law, and moral teachings for the followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

What is the Torah?

The Tawrat is the Arabic term for the Torah. We, as Muslims, believe that Allah Almighty gave it to the prophets and messengers of Israel at Mount Sinai. Torah is the first book from the four holy books of Islam. The Tawrat tells about the messengers Allah Almighty sent before Prophet Muhammad (PBUM). It includes the Ten Commandments for the Children of Israel. The Tawrat became necessary when the Israelites started worshipping a golden calf, which went against Allah’s Almighty will. Moses (AS) brought Allah’s (SWT) true guidance through the Tawrat, which was revealed in Hebrew, one of the oldest languages of the Jews.

Who wrote the Torah?

According to Jewish tradition, Moses (AS) wrote the Torah under the inspiration and guidance of Allah Almighty. The Torah contains the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

2. Zabur (Psalms)

Prophet Dawud (AS) received the Zabur as a collection of revelations from Allah (SWT). These revelations were written on palm leaves and conveyed through chants or songs. Jews and traditional Eastern and Western Christians refer to the Zabur as Psalms, which is the Arabic term for them. The Quran mentions that Allah (SWT) had first introduced the concept of eternal Paradise in the Zabur. This revelation aligns with Quranic teachings, indicating similarities between the two texts.

3. Injil (Bible)

The Injeel, also known as the Bible, is the third book among the four holy books of Islam. Prophet Isa (AS) received this divine revelation. Different interpretations have distorted the original meaning of this book over time. Some Muslims believe that the original Injeel (Bible) predicted the arrival of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). It is interesting to note that the term “Injeel” is mentioned 12 times in the Holy Quran.

Importance of the Injil (Bible)

The Injeel (Bible) holds significant importance for Muslims as they consider it one of the divine revelations sent by Allah Almighty. It is regarded as a testament to the prophethood of Isa (Jesus) and holds reverence as part of the broader message of monotheism and righteousness conveyed through various Prophets. Moreover, some Muslims also believe that the original Injeel contained prophecies about the coming of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This underscores its role in affirming the continuity of divine guidance across different prophets and scriptures.

The Holy Quran is a sacred book that holds a central position in the Islamic faith . It is the final and complete revelation from Allah Almighty, revealed to Prophet Muhammad (SAW) through the angel Gabriel over 23 years. The Quran’s primary message is about Tawheed, meaning the oneness of Allah (SWT), and it serves as a guide for Muslims in their daily lives.

The Quran is divided into 114 chapters, or Surahs, each containing a unique message and theme. Prophet Muhammad (SAW) received 86 chapters in Makkah and 28 chapters in Madinah. The Quranic verses cover a wide range of topics, including faith, morality, relationships, social justice, and spirituality. It also contains stories of prophets and messengers from earlier times, such as Adam (AS), Noah (AS), Abraham (AS), Moses (AS), and Jesus (AS).

As Muslims, we believe that the Quran is the literal word of Allah Almighty, and its original Arabic text is considered the most accurate and authentic version. Consequently, the Quran has been preserved through oral recitation and written manuscripts for over 1400 years. Muslims all over the world recite the Quran in their daily prayers, and many devote their lives to memorizing and studying its teachings.

These scientific facts were mentioned in the Quran long before they were discovered by scientists. Let’s explore some of these remarkable Scientific Miracles of The Quran

The core message of the Quran encompasses the teachings of 4 holy books of Allah Almighty. The Quran emphasizes Allah’s message of unity.

He has revealed to you, O Prophet, the Book in truth, confirming what came before it, as He revealed the Torah and the Gospel. Previously, as a guide for people; and also revealed the Decisive Authority. Surely, those who reject Allah’s revelations will suffer severe torment, for Allah is Almighty, capable of punishment. [Surah Imran Ayat 3-4]

Frequently Asked Questions about the Quran

Who wrote the quran.

During the early stages of revelation, various individuals wrote down the Quran on materials such as parchment, stone, palm leaves, and camel shoulder blades. Some prominent companions of the Prophet (SAW) who recorded the Quran include:

• Ali ibn Abi Talib (the Prophet’s cousin and son-in-law)
• Ubay ibn Ka’b
• Zayd ibn Thabit

When was the Quran written?

The Quran was written over a period of 23 years, from 610 CE to 632 CE. This revelation began when the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) received the first verses of the Quran from Allah Almighty through the angel Gabriel in the cave of Hira in Makkah. The revelations continued until the year of his death in 632 CE, with the final verses revealed shortly before his passing. During the mid-7th century, Uthman ibn Affan (RA), the third caliph, played a crucial role in compiling the Quran into a single book.

Who was the First Hafiz of the Holy Quran?

Hazrat Uthman ibn Affan ibn Abi al-As was the first hafiz of the Holy Quran.

How is the Quran different from other holy books?

The Quran is distinct from other holy books of Islam due to its language and content remaining unchanged for centuries. It is structured into easy-to-read chapters and covers all aspects of life comprehensively. As the final and most significant message for humanity, it occupies a central and crucial position in Islam.

Why is the Quran the Holy Book of Islam?

We believe that the Quran is the most important book of Islam because Allah (SWT) revealed it. Because of this, we follow specific rules and practices to handle it with great respect. The Quran holds a sacred status in Islam and is considered the ultimate source of guidance for us.

How Many Verses are in the Holy Quran?

The total number of verses in the Quran is 6236 .

How many Rukus are there in the Holy Quran?

The Quran is divided into sections known as rukūʿs, which help reciters know when to pause and perform rukus during Salah without interrupting the Quranic text’s flow. In total, there are  558  rukūʿs in the Quran.

Which word is mentioned most times in the Holy Quran?

In the Quran, the word “Allah” appears approximately 2,816 times, making it one of the most frequently mentioned words.

How many Prophets are mentioned in the Holy Quran?

The Holy Quran mentions 25 Prophets.

How many Sajdahs are there in the Holy Quran?

In the Holy Quran, there are 15 verses with Sajdah (prostration). Among them, sajdahs are obligatory (wajib) in 4 verses and recommended (mustahab) in 11 verses.

Conclusion: Significance of the Four Holy Books of Islam

The blog concludes that the 4 Holy Books of Allah Almighty play an essential role in Islam, especially the Quran, Torah (Tawrat), Psalms (Zabur), and Bible (Injil). It highlights the unity of divine messages across different Prophets and scriptures, emphasizing the Quran’s unique status as the final and unchanged revelation. Prophet Muhammad (SAW), Prophet Moses (AS), Prophet David (AS), and Prophet Jesus (AS) received these Holy Books, respectively. Their interconnectedness reinforces the shared values of monotheism and righteousness.

The FAQs section provides additional insights into the Quran’s writing and historical context. Overall, the blog underscores the importance of these scriptures in shaping the spiritual identity of believers across Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. It promotes understanding and respect for their shared values.

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Most Popular Holy Books from Different Religions in The World

These books explains the truth about life, death and God that also helps us in our time of misery or when we cannot decide the way of life or are so piled up with obstacles that we can’t find a way. Most of people read these books everyday like a praying ritual and some turn to them only in the time of need. The holy book provides valuable lessons to some and to others it gives the strength to go on and the assurance from the Almighty. Here are a few popular Holy Books around the world teaches important lessons for life.

#1: The Bhagavad Gita:

The holy book of the Hindus, the “Shreemad Bhagavad Gita” is considered the most sacred among all their religious literature. The book has recorded the dialogues between Lord Krishna and the prince Arjuna. The basic concepts and principles of life are explained through the book and it also explains Karma, Bhakti and Gyan and the relation of humans with God and how to reach Him.

#3: Upanishads:

#4: tripitakas:, #5: five classics:, #6: talmud:, #8: holy qur’an (koran):.

These holy books are the voices of the Prophets which help us discover the secrets of the universe and the creation. The almighty helps answer the questions about the creation through these books.

The information about each book was referenced from different sources available online. If the information published in this article require any improvement or modifications, do write us or share your views by comment here. The purpose of this article is just to provide information about different holy books around the world.

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Which is the Buddhist holy book? Where can it be read?

Is there a holy book for buddhists as the Bible is for Jews and Christians and Quran for Muslims? Is that the Tipitaka?

A book where you can find all the teachings of Buddhism, and how to behave, rules, etc.

Where can I read it translated to English or Spanish? In the same way I can read the Bible and the Quran online.

7 Answers 7

There isn't exactly one short Buddhist bible (see Why isn't there a Buddhist Bible? ).

The Tripitaka is the Pali canon, possibly the earliest (or at least, among the earliest) of the surviving Buddhist literature. It has three parts, and of these three the Sutta Pitaka is the most relevant (to us).

You can read it (or at least begin to read it) online. Web sites with the Pali suttas translated include:

• http://www.accesstoinsight.org/ -- popular, accessible, maybe a minimum of commentary
• http://dharmafarer.org/ -- suttas are introduced with a lot of commentary by the translator
• http://www.buddha-vacana.org/ -- not so many of the suttas are translated, but those which are here are given with word-by-word Pali-to-English translations
• https://suttacentral.net/ (click on "Sutta" in the heading of the page) -- perhaps the most extensive collection (for example if eventually you're looking for a specific sutta, and find that it's not one of the suttas translated on Access to Insight, then look for it here)

See also the answers to these topics:

• English (or other European) translations of Pali Canon
• Chronological or other sequence for beginners

Note that although the Pali canon (which is the associated with the Theravada tradition) is among the oldest literature, there are also newer (or later) Buddhist schools with their own canonical literature -- so if you want to find "all the teachings of Buddhism" you might also investigate Mahayana literature (including Chinese, Japanese, and Tibetan) as well as modern/contemporary literature.

The simplest answer to "how to behave, rules" might be to say "the five precepts".

I also liked, The Buddha's Teachings on Prosperity: At Home, At Work, in the World because it selects from the Pali canon the suttas which contain behaviour recommendations for lay-people. For example this answer is my summary of one its chapters (the book references specific suttas, which my summary doesn't).

Buddhism seems to me to be rather a large topic, so almost any introduction to it will give a somewhat distorted or one-sided view of it. In my answer to the topic New to Buddhism I tried to give an overview, and also said that people recommend In the Buddha’s Words by Bhikkhu Bodhi.

Another answer wrote that "Buddhism is not a religion based on a Holy Book" which is more or less true:

• If you are one of the so-called People of the Book , perhaps you could over-estimate the importance of a "book" or Bible.
• Even so, some words that I guess may be equally important in Buddhism include Buddhavacana , Sangha, Dhamma, (not to mention "lineage"), and various (practical) practices.

So instead of or as well as a Bible, people might recommend you look for (one or more) Buddhist teachers and/or communities.

• An historical answer might also be that, for Buddhism, there was never an equivalent to the Christian Council of Nicaea (~325 ACE) where the different sects and texts which existed were brought together by the Emperor Constantine to forcefully broker a single 'approved' version of beliefs and texts. If that had not occurred, the concept of 'The Bible' would probably not exist. If a similar event had occurred for Buddhism, perhaps we would have a more unified canonical text equivalent. Best, Jim –  GVCOJims Commented Oct 17, 2019 at 23:17
• 1 What about the en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_councils then? –  ChrisW ♦ Commented Oct 18, 2019 at 6:38
• Good point. However, 2 potential issues may pertain: 1. The article questioned the ‘historicity’ of the early councils. The Nicaea was a historical certainty. 2. Nicaea, had 1 ruler with the power to totally stamp out the sects and texts which disagreed with the resulting decree. Even when a king was involved with a Buddhist Council, he lacked that power. In fact, many ended in schism rather than unification. Interesting subject! As I lack knowledge of historical / liturgical details of Nicaea and the Buddhist Councils, I can't add to this. But I'd be interested to learn. –  GVCOJims Commented Oct 19, 2019 at 22:41

The main Buddhist holy book - The Sutta Pitaka - is many times larger than the Bible, consisting of more than 10,000 discourses.

However, the essential teachings the Buddha compared to a ' handful of leaves' .

The following teachings from the holy book cover the essentials:

On Higher Truth

Three Cardinal Discourses of the Buddha

The Dhammapada

For laypeople

Maha-Mangala Sutta: Blessings

Sigalovada Sutta: The Layperson's Code of Discipline

Note: In the link Three Cardinal Discourses of the Buddha , the following teachings are translated incorrectly:

" in short, suffering is the five categories of clinging objects ", which should be translated as " in summary, [all] suffering is clinging to the five aggregates (body, feelings, perception, mental formations & consciousness) ", as explained in SN 22.1 .

" It is the craving that produces renewal of being ", which should be translated as: " It is the craving that produces new becoming " (since the word "being" may give the impression of a new life where as "becoming" is the process of the mental development of egoism).

“ Now is what is impermanent painful or pleasant? ”, which should be translated as: “ Now is what is impermanent unsatisfactory or satisfactory? ”

The word 'unsatisfactory' means 'incapable of bringing true lasting happiness' (as found here in an alternate translation and in Dhammapada verse 278 ).

• Can you explain to me why you choose to, and/or who else has chosen to, put the Maha-mangala Sutta among the first of the suttas? –  ChrisW ♦ Commented Jul 16, 2016 at 21:41
• 2 I have put the Maha-mangala Sutta as an example of a teaching for laypeople (rather than representative of an early sutta). For a beginner or non-Buddhist, the Maha-Mangala Sutta gives a simple to understand overview of the gradual nature of the Buddhist teachings. It is easy to understand. Where as the 3 cardinal discourses are technical in nature, the Dhammapada is very serious & stern and the Sigalovada Sutta is long & wordy. –  Dhamma Dhatu Commented Jul 16, 2016 at 21:49
• What happened to other two pitakas in the Pali Thripitaka? Why only Sutta Pitaka? –  Sajeewa Welendagoda Commented Jul 17, 2016 at 13:06
• I only mentioned the Sutta Pitaka because they are the reported words of the Buddha. However, the Pali Tripitaka is also a valid answer. Regards. –  Dhamma Dhatu Commented Jul 19, 2016 at 19:43

The word for the Buddhist Pali (i.e,. Theravada) canon (and it is huge, too big to be put in one book) is the Tripitaka , the three baskets.

Somewhat unsurprisingly, it has three sections:

• Vinaya, rules for monks
• Abhidhamma, 7 sorts of commentary by monks on the suttas.
• Sutta, a record of the sermons the Buddha gave.

These three complete the Triptaka and can't be added to. However, there are important books which don't belong to Tripitaka but are assumed to be authentic. E.g. Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga , which is similar to the Abhidhamma.

Other early Buddhist schools had their own Tripitaka, similar to Theravada but with different abhidhamma authors, a different vinaya, and with a slightly altered set of suttas.

The Mahayana accepts the Tripitaka (I believe that in the Taisho , the 20th century record of every canonical text in Chinese Buddhism, they use the Sarvastavadin Tripitaka, not the Theravadin) but adds:

• Sutras (the sanskrit word for sutta), sermons of the Buddha for Bodhisattvas
• Sastras, which are commentaries on the sutras.

While the sutras are, like the Tripitaka, complete (despite having slowly been recovered after the Buddha's death), anyone can write a sastra, though that wouldn't make it canonical.

• Buddhaghosa's Visuddhimagga contains many views that contradict the suttas. Buddhaghosa dedicated his Visuddhimagga to his personal reincarnation in a Brahmanistic heaven. –  Dhamma Dhatu Commented Jul 17, 2016 at 0:01
• @Dhammadhatu It is a comprehensive manual condensing and systematizing the theoretical and practical teachings of the Buddha as they were understood by the elders of the Mahavihara Monastery in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. It is described as "the hub of a complete and coherent method of exegesis of the Tipitaka, using the ‘Abhidhamma method' as it is called. And it sets out detailed practical instructions for developing purification of mind." (Bhikkhu Nyanamoli 2011 p. xxvii.) I –  user2512 Commented Jul 17, 2016 at 0:03
• @Dhammadhatu i like some dogmas –  user2512 Commented Jul 17, 2016 at 0:34

There are at least three Tripitakas: the Pali Canon is the oldest and the only surviving complete canon of a somewhat early school. In addition, there are the Tibetan Kanjur and the Chinese canon, Tantric and Mahayana respectively. Finally, the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism has the inspired terma texts of Dzogchen. I think the consensus is that the Four Great Nikayas of the Pali Canon represent the closest thing to a common ground accepted by all schools, and in fact if one studies the nikayas closely one can see the seeds and even the roots of the tree that became Buddhism there. The Four Great Nikayas, in rough chronological order, are the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta, and Anguttara, and have all been translated into modern English. In some ways they correspond to the gospels of the Christian New Testament (so-called).

• Sorry to ask but is there any specific translation of the Nikayas you would recommend, in book form and/or online? Or maybe they're all good enough. But the OP did ask, as well, "Where can I read it translated to English or Spanish?" –  ChrisW ♦ Commented Jul 19, 2016 at 17:22
• M. Walshe, trans. Long Discourses of the Buddha: Translation of the Digha Nikaya. 1987; rpt. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995. Nanamoli, trans. Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 1995. Bodhi, trans. Connected Discourses of the Buddha: New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2000. Bodhi, trans. Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: Translation of the Anguttara Nikaya. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2012. –  user4970 Commented Jul 20, 2016 at 3:11
• You can also find the Burmese edition of the Pali Canon in multiple scripts here: tipitaka.org . –  user4970 Commented Jul 20, 2016 at 13:16

Any Buddhist canon is huge. If you want to get a taste of it, I would suggest the following:

• the Dhammapada for Theravada Buddhism
• the Diamond Sutra for Mahayana Buddhism

Actually Buddha didn't wrote any holly Books. All of the books written by Buddhist monks wrote after many years later of Buddha's Nirvana. Buddhism is not religion Based on a Holy book. It's a practical religion. It's basic Followings are:

• Do not take life.
• Do not take what is not given.
• Do not distort facts.
• Refrain from misuse of the senses.
• Refrain from self-intoxication through alcohol or drugs.

Learn about them first and after go for the Higher things. Search on the Internet. You will find so many books about Buddhism.

For beginners and enthusiasts, "Budhha and His Dhamma", by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar is a highly recommended book.

It contains English translations of some very important sermons delivered by Budhha and also has content of Tipitika. It gives a complete overview of the Buddha's life, right from His birth to His journey from a layman to The Enlightened One.

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A Muslim mob in Pakistan torches a police station and lynches a man after accusing him of blasphemy

Local residents look a spot where a Muslim mob lynched and burned a man over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, in Madyan, a town in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Friday, June 21, 2024. A Muslim mob in northwestern Pakistan broke into a police station, snatched a man who was held there and then lynched him over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, the Quran. (AP Photo/Naveed Ali)

Local residents look at a spot where a Muslim mob lynched and burned a man over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, the Quran, in Madyan in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Friday, June 21, 2024. The attackers also torched a police station which had held the man in Madyan and burned police vehicles parked there, according to local police official Rahim Ullah. (AP Photo/Naveed Ali)

Women and children look at a spot where a Muslim mob lynched and burned a man over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, the Quran, in Madyan in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Friday, June 21, 2024. The attackers also torched a police station which had held the man in Madyan and burned police vehicles parked there, according to local police official Rahim Ullah. (AP Photo/Naveed Ali)

Plainclothes police officers stand beside the burnt vehicles which were torched by a Muslim mob in an attack, in Madyan in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Friday, June 21, 2024. A Muslim mob in northwestern Pakistan broke into a police station, snatched a man who was held there and then lynched him over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, the Quran. (AP Photo/Naveed Ali)

Plainclothes police officers examine the burnt furniture which were torched by a Muslim mob in an attack, in Madyan in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Friday, June 21, 2024. A Muslim mob in northwestern Pakistan broke into a police station, snatched a man who was held there and then lynched him over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book, the Quran. (AP Photo/Naveed Ali)

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PESHAWAR, Pakistan (AP) — A Muslim mob in northwestern Pakistan on Thursday broke into a police station, snatched a man who was held there and then lynched him over allegations that he had desecrated Islam’s holy book , the Quran.

The attackers also torched the station in Madyan, a town in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, and burned police vehicles parked there, according to local police official Rahim Ullah.

The slain man, Mohammad Ismail, was a tourist who was staying at a hotel in the town when some locals turned on him and accused him of blasphemy.

Ullah said police officers took the man to the station for his protection but the mob swelled and pursued them. The mob then attacked the station, snatched Ismail, beat him to death and then burned his body and left it on the road.

Additional police forces have arrived in Madyan to bring the situation under control, Ullah said.

It wasn’t immediately known if any of the attackers were arrested.

Attacks on people accused of blasphemy are common in this conservative Islamic nation where charges of blasphemy can carry the death sentence. International and national rights groups say blasphemy accusations have often been used to intimidate religious minorities and settle personal scores.

Last month, a mob in Pakistan’s eastern Punjab province attacked a Christian man , Nazir Masih, 72, after accusing him of desecrating pages of Quran. He later died at a hospital.

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Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week: From the Entrance into Jerusalem to the Resurrection (Volume 2) Paperback – April 5, 2023

For Christians, Jesus of Nazareth is the Son of God, who died for the sins of the world, and who rose from the dead in triumph over sin and death. For non-Christians, he is almost anything else--a myth, a political revolutionary, a prophet whose teaching was misunderstood or distorted by his followers.

Jesus of Nazareth is the Son of God, and no myth, revolutionary, or misunderstood prophet, insists Benedict XVI. He thinks that the best of historical scholarship, while it can't "prove" Jesus is the Son of God, certainly doesn't disprove it. Indeed, Benedict maintains that the evidence, fairly considered, brings us face-to-face with the challenge of Jesus--a real man who taught and acted in ways that were tantamount to claims of divine authority, claims not easily dismissed as lunacy or deception.

Benedict XVI presents this challenge in his new book, Jesus of Nazareth: Holy Week: From the Entrance into Jerusalem to the Resurrection , the sequel volume to Jesus of Nazareth: From the Baptism in the Jordan to the Transfiguration.

Why was Jesus rejected by the religious leaders of his day? Who was responsible for his death? Did he establish a Church to carry on his work? How did Jesus view his suffering and death? How should we? And, most importantly, did Jesus really rise from the dead and what does his resurrection mean? The story of Jesus raises many crucial questions.

Benedict brings to his study the vast learning of a brilliant scholar, the passionate searching of a great mind, and the deep compassion of a pastor's heart. In the end, he dares readers to grapple with the meaning of Jesus' life, teaching, death, and resurrection.

"Only in this second volume do we encounter the decisive sayings and events of Jesus' life . . .  I hope that I have been granted an insight into the figure of Our Lord that can be helpful to all readers who seek to encounter Jesus and to believe in Him." -Pope Benedict XVI

• Book 2 of 3 Jesus of Nazareth
• Print length 384 pages
• Language English
• Publisher Ignatius Press
• Publication date April 5, 2023
• Dimensions 5 x 1.3 x 7.4 inches
• ISBN-10 1586175017
• ISBN-13 978-1586175016
• See all details

Editorial Reviews

"Working from Scripture, the Church Fathers and contemporary scholarship, Benedict XVI deftly brings together the historical and theological dimensions of the gospel portraits of Jesus.  This is a splendid, penetrating study of the central figure of Christian faith; a learned and spiritual illumination not only of who Jesus was, but who he is for us today." — Charles J. Chaput, O.F.M. Cap., Archbishop of Denver "What better guide could you find than Benedict XVI to lead you on the bracing adventure of exploring the historical Jesus and discovering, under the tutelage of this most sage successor to Peter, the inner meaning of Jesus' death and resurrection. Faith and reasonare the two wings Benedict XVI takes up to lead us to astonishingly fresh spiritual perspectives and dizzying heights.  This book often takes ones breath away, while infusing in the reader the God-breathed Word, which is the Gospel." — Tim Gray, Ph.D.,  President   , Augustine Institute "As is his first volume of  Jesus of Nazareth , so, once again, in his second volume Pope Benedict XVI has authored a marvelous book, this time on the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus. What makes this study so attractive is the depth of its biblical insight, its attention to historical issues, its keen theological acumen, and its lucid and precise expression. Moreover, as with the first volume, it is written in a serene and prayerful manner - a serenity and a prayerfulness that is conveyed to the heart and mind of the reader. This book fulfills Pope Benedict's ardent desire - that it would "be helpful to all readers who seek to encounter Jesus and to believe in him." — Thomas G. Weinandy, O.F.M., Cap.,  Executive Director for the Secretariat for Doctrine, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops "On the Day of Pentecost, Peter sought to explain to the assembled multitude what God had done through Jesus of Nazareth, crucified and risen. Peter's successor, Benedict XVI, here undertakes the same urgent task, in fruitful dialogue with the historical-critical biblical scholarship that dominates contemporary academic study of Jesus. Charting the path of the new evangelization, Pope Benedict XVI uncovers for us the living source of Peter's evangelizing mission: Jesus, in whom God gives hope to the world." — Matthew Levering, Ph.D.,  Co-Editor,  Nova et Vetera , and Co-Director, Center for Catholic-Evangelical Dialogue "This theological masterpiece courageously confronts head-on two centuries of historical exegesis and establishes a fresh way of reading the Gospels as both biography and theology in a coherent way. The author explains, "I set out to discover the real Jesus, on the basis of whom something like a Christology from below would then become possible. The quest for the historical Jesus, as conducted in mainstream critical exegesis in accordance with its hermeneutical presuppositions, lacks sufficient content to exert any significant historical impact. It is focused too much on the past for it to make possible a personal relationship with Jesus. "Here we find  a compelling model for the presentation of  the life of holy rabbi, Hillel or Aqiba, in the same context as we account for the life of Jesus."." — Jacob Neusner,  Distinguished Service Professor of the History and Theology of Judaism; Senior Fellow, Institute of Advanced Theology - Bard College "In  Jesus of Nazareth  Pope Benedict reflects on the Gospel witness to Jesus in a way that "can indeed lead to personal encounter "with Him. Just as Jesus' redemptive mission is universal, these reflections include every category of human being: for Jews, dialogue with the Old Testament; for Greeks (all seeking to know life's meaning), dialogue with reason; for Scripture scholars, approbation of truthful insights, and corrections to whatever obscures the apostolic witness to Jesus. For all men and women of all times, especially our own, who Jesus is and what He lived is set forth as entirely for them, for us. By leading the reader to discover this for us, Peter's Successor continues the ministry of strengthening the faith of the Church (Lk 22:32) so that all my come to "believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in his name" (Jn 20:31)." — Douglas G. Bushman, S.T.L. , Director and Associate Professor, Institute for Pastoral Theology Ave Maria University

About the Author

Pope Benedict XVI is widely recognized as one of the most brilliant theologians and spiritual leaders of our age. As Pope he authored the best-selling  Jesus of Nazareth ; and prior to his pontificate, he wrote many influential books that continue to remain important for the contemporary Church, such as  Introduction to Christianity  and  The Spirit of the Liturgy .

Product details

• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Ignatius Press (April 5, 2023)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 384 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1586175017
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1586175016
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 15.2 ounces
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5 x 1.3 x 7.4 inches
• #213 in Christian Popes
• #538 in Christology (Books)
• #929 in New Testament Commentaries

About the author

Pope benedict xvi.

Born in 1927 in Germany as Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Benedict XVI has been head of the Roman Catholic Church since April 2005. A prolific author, theologian and university professor, Ratzinger served as an "expert" at the Second Vatican Council, and was tapped in 1977 by Pope Paul VI to lead the German Archdiocese of Munich and Freising. In 1981, Pope John Paul II called him to Rome to head the Vatican's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, where he served until his papal election.

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