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World Report on Disability 2011

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The first ever World report on disability , produced jointly by WHO and the World Bank, suggests that more than a billion people in the world today experience disability.

People with disabilities have generally poorer health , lower education achievements, fewer economic opportunities and higher rates of poverty than people without disabilities. This is largely due to the lack of services available to them and the many obstacles they face in their everyday lives. The report provides the best available evidence about what works to overcome barriers to health care, rehabilitation , education, employment, and support services, and to create the environments which will enable people with disabilities to flourish. The report ends with a concrete set of recommended actions for governments and their partners.

This pioneering World report on disability will make a significant contribution to implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. At the intersection of public health , human rights and development, the report is set to become a "must have" resource for policy-makers, service providers, professionals, and advocates for people with disabilities and their families.

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• Acknowledgements
• Contributors
• Introduction
• What is disability?
• Disability and human rights
• Disability and development
• Measuring disability
• Prevalence of disability – difficulties in functioning
• Health conditions
• Demographics
• The environment
• Disability and poverty
• Needs for services and assistance
• Costs of disability
• Conclusion and recommendations
• Understanding the health of people with disabilities
• Addressing barriers to health care
• Understanding rehabilitation
• Addressing barriers to rehabilitation
• Reforming policies, laws, and delivery systems
• Developing funding mechanisms for rehabilitation
• Increasing human resources for rehabilitation
• Expanding and decentralizing service delivery
• Increasing the use and affordability of technology
• Expanding research and evidence-based practice
• Understanding assistance and support
• Barriers to assistance and support
• Addressing the barriers to assistance and support
• Understanding access to physical and information environments
• Addressing the barriers in buildings and roads
• Addressing the barriers in public transportation
• Barriers to information and communication
• Addressing the barriers to information and technology
• Educational participation and children with disability
• Understanding education and disability
• Barriers to education for children with disabilities
• Addressing barriers to education
• Understanding labour markets
• Barriers to entering the labour market
• Addressing the barriers to work and employment
• Disability: a global concern
• Recommendations
• Technical appendix A Estimates of disability prevalence (%) and of years of health lost due to disability (YLD), by country
• Technical appendix B Overview of global and regional initiatives on disability statistics
• Technical appendix C Design and implementation of the World Health Survey
• Technical appendix D Global Burden of Disease methodology
• Technical appendix E World Health Survey analysis for Chapter 3 – Health

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use.

All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO web site ( www.who.int ) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: tni.ohw@sredrokoob ). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO web site ( http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html ).

• Cite this Page World Report on Disability 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2011.
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WHO. World Report on Disability (2011)

About 15% of the world's population lives with some form of disability, of whom 2-4% experience significant difficulties in functioning. The global disability prevalence is higher than previous WHO estimates, which date from the 1970s and suggested a figure of around 10%. This global estimate for disability is on the rise due to population ageing and the rapid spread of chronic diseases, as well as improvements in the methodologies used to measure disability.

The first ever WHO/World Bank World report on disability reviews evidence about the situation of people with disabilities around the world. Following chapters on understanding disability and measuring disability, the report contains topic-specific chapters on health; rehabilitation; assistance and support; enabling environments; education; and employment. Within each chapter, there is a discussion of the barriers confronted, and case studies showing how countries have succeeded in addressing these by promoting good practice. In its final chapter, the report offers nine concrete recommendations for policy and practice which if put in place could lead to real improvements in the lives of people with disability.

The summary report is available in easy-to-read, audio, and screen reader compatible formats. Braille versions (English, Spanish and French) can be ordered by contacting  disability [at] who.int .

Related evidence brief(s)

What are the most effective strategies for strengthening health systems for disability inclusive development, how can we promote access to assistive technology for individuals with disabilities in low- and middle-income settings, what works to ensure older men and women with disabilities are equally included in social protection programmes, how can access barriers be removed to ensure that people with psychosocial, developmental, and neurological disabilities can access all forms of healthcare.

The Transformation Agenda »

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WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2011

Warning about the dangers of tobacco.

This report is the third in a series of WHO reports on the status of global tobacco control policy implementation.

All data on the level of countries’ achievement for the six MPOWER measures have been updated through 2010, and additional data have been collected on warning the public about the dangers of tobacco. The report examines in detail the two primary strategies to provide health warnings – labels on tobacco product packaging and anti-tobacco mass media campaigns. It provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence base for warning people about the harms of tobacco use as well as country-specific information on the status of these measures.

To continue the process of improving data analysis, categories of policy achievement have been refined and, where possible, made consistent with new and evolving guidelines for the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Data from the 2009 report have been re-analyzed to be consistent with these new categories, allowing for more direct comparisons of the data across both reports.

The Transformation Agenda »

Publications

WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2011

Warning about the dangers of tobacco.

This report is the third in a series of WHO reports on the status of global tobacco control policy implementation.

All data on the level of countries’ achievement for the six MPOWER measures have been updated through 2010, and additional data have been collected on warning the public about the dangers of tobacco. The report examines in detail the two primary strategies to provide health warnings – labels on tobacco product packaging and anti-tobacco mass media campaigns. It provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence base for warning people about the harms of tobacco use as well as country-specific information on the status of these measures.

To continue the process of improving data analysis, categories of policy achievement have been refined and, where possible, made consistent with new and evolving guidelines for the implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Data from the 2009 report have been re-analyzed to be consistent with these new categories, allowing for more direct comparisons of the data across both reports.

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World Health Organization: World Health Statistics 2011

2011 report from the World Health Organization on progress in meeting the U.N.'s health-related Millennium Development Goals.

Republish this article

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License .

by Rozanne Larsen, The Journalist's Resource June 8, 2011

This <a target="_blank" href="https://journalistsresource.org/economics/world-health-statistics-2011/">article</a> first appeared on <a target="_blank" href="https://journalistsresource.org">The Journalist's Resource</a> and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.<img src="https://journalistsresource.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/cropped-jr-favicon-150x150.png" style="width:1em;height:1em;margin-left:10px;">

At the 2000 United Nations Summit a plan was developed to combat problems facing the world’s most impoverished populations. The plan was based on eight major objectives, known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); the World Health Organization (WHO), part of the U.N., was responsible for coordinating efforts on the health-related objectives.

The WHO’s report “World Health Statistics 2011” identifies nine indicators for assessing progress: life expectancy and mortality; cause-specific mortality and morbidity; infectious diseases; health service coverage; risk factors; health workforce, infrastructure and essential medicines; health expenditure; health inequities; and demographic and socioeconomic statistics.

The report’s findings include:

• According to estimates, the percentage of underweight children under 5 years old declined, from 25% in 1990 to 16% in 2010. However, some 115 million such children remain underweight and 178 million of all children (under 18) exhibit stunted growth.
• While overall child mortality rates fell globally by a third over the last 20 years — from 12.4 million in 1990 to 8.1 million in 2009 — the rate of deaths for children actually rose over the same time period on the African continent and among other of the lowest-income countries.
• The two most common causes of child mortality are pneumonia and diarrheal diseases, both of which remain easily treatable if a child has access to health care.
• Over the past 20 years, global measles immunization rose by 9%, putting the current overall figure at 82%.
• Maternal mortality rate decreased at an average annual rate of 2.3%; however, this is only half of the necessary rate to achieve the 2015 target. 99% of maternal deaths occurred in developing countries.
• The percentage of the world’s population with access to clean drinking water increased from 77% to 87%. That puts the U.N. on track to achieve the goal of halving the percentage of those without access by 2015. Progress is lagging, though, on goals for improving issues relating to  toilets and sanitation.
• In more than 40 low- and middle-income countries, basic generic medicines were only available in 42% of public health centers. This forces patients to buy generic medicines from private providers; those cost on average 630% more than the international reference price.

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Rozanne Larsen

World Report on Disability : Summary

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Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2011

The public health objective on alcohol of the World Health Organization (WHO) is to reduce the health burden caused by the harmful use of alcohol and, thereby, to save lives, reduce disease and prevent injuries. The hazardous and harmful use of alcohol is a major global contributing factor to death, disease and injury: to the drinker through health impacts, such as alcohol dependence, liver cirrhosis, cancers and injuries; and to others through the dangerous actions of intoxicated people, such as drink– driving and violence or through the impact of drinking on fetus and child development. The harmful use of alcohol results in approximately 2.5 million deaths each year, with a net loss of life of 2.25 million, taking into account the estimated benefi cial impact of low levels of alcohol use on some diseases in some population groups. Harmful drinking can also be very costly to communities and societies.

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Malmstrom Air Force Base Accident Claims an Airman's Life, Leaves Five Injured

A vehicle accident on the Malmstrom Air Force Base has killed one Airmen and injured five more, according to a report from the base. According to the report, the accident happened June 29, where three Airmen were injured directly related to the accident while two additional first responder Airmen received injuries while responding to the accident.

Russia Warns It Can Take Unspecified Measures in Response to US Drone Flights over Black Sea

Russia’s defense minister ordered officials to prepare a “response” to U.S. drone flights over the Black Sea, the ministry said June 28, in an apparent warning that Moscow may take forceful action to ward off the American reconnaissance aircraft. The Russian Defense Ministry noted a recent “increased intensity” of U.S. drones over the Black Sea, saying they “conduct intelligence and targeting for precision weapons supplied to the Ukrainian military by Western countries for strikes on Russian facilities.”

Putin Vows to Make New Nuclear Missiles and to Weigh Placing Them Near NATO Nations

President Vladimir V. Putin declared on June 28 that Russia would produce new intermediate-range nuclear-capable missiles and then decide whether to deploy them within range of NATO nations in Europe and American allies in Asia. Mr. Putin’s threat was vaguely worded: He said nothing about timetables for deploying the weapons, and by blaming the United States for bringing similar missiles into training exercises in Europe and Asia, he seemed to be signaling he was open to negotiations.

Supercomputer Cloud Services Greenlit by Pentagon's Innovation Office

Troops in the field may soon have supercomputers at their fingertips, thanks to a Pentagon project that’s set to move from prototype to product. For 18 months, software companies Rescale and Parallel Works have worked to show that they can mix Defense Department supercomputers with cloud services to add capacity and the ability to remotely access high-performance computers. Now the Defense Innovation Unit has announced plans to make these services generally available through the Pentagon’s High Performance Computing Modernization Program.

DOD’s Network Defense Arm Is Working to Protect Logistics for Transportation Command

The Department of Defense’s main network defense arm is taking a leading role in the cybersecurity of global logistics for Transportation Command. Last year, Joint Force Headquarters-DOD Information Network—a subordinate headquarters under U.S. Cyber Command responsible for protecting and defending the Pentagon’s network globally—became the coordinating authority for TRANSCOM.

Pentagon Seeks Objective Way to Test Tools for Zero Trust Compliance

The U.S. Department of Defense’s zero-trust program office says it’s working on establishing independent, in-house certification of the tools that come through its doors to ensure they’re actually as cyber-secure as they claim. Randy Resnick, director of the Zero Trust Portfolio Management Office at the Pentagon, said there’s a need to independently validate whether vendor products and services are, in fact, up to snuff.

House Approves $2.5 Billion for Junior Enlisted Raises, Which May Be $800 Million Too Little

A Pentagon spending bill that includes $2.5 billion to pay for a major hike in junior enlisted troops’ salaries has passed the House, but the White House is contending that amount falls short of what would actually be needed to cover the raises. The House approved its version of the fiscal 2025 Defense Department appropriations bill on June 28 in a 217-198 largely party-line vote.

US Central Command to Demo Integrated Counter Drone Sensors This Fall

U.S. Central Command is planning a set of exercises aimed at filling key gaps in its ability to detect and track drone threats in the Middle East. Amid a sharp increase in one-way drone attacks on U.S. and allied forces by Iraq, Syria and Houthi rebels, CENTCOM is working with the Pentagon’s chief digital and AI office to identify sensors that can detect adversary systems and be integrated into a command and control framework. Earlier this month, the command’s innovation team solicited proposals from industry for the effort, dubbed Desert Guardian.

Military Space Trackers to Keep Public Informed on Starlink Satellite Reentries

U.S. Space Command on June 28 sent out a reminder that it will closely monitor the controlled deorbiting of approximately 100 Starlink satellites, an operation that SpaceX announced in February. The decision to deorbit these early version 1 Starlink satellites came after SpaceX identified a potential issue that could increase the risk of future failures. The operation, projected to last several months, involves a controlled descent of satellites from low Earth orbit.

Recalling The Nazi’s Bizarre Piggyback Bombers 80 Years After They Went to War

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California prisoner who escaped in 2011 is caught in New York City, faces extradition

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A man who escaped from a California prison camp in 2011 has been captured in New York City, officials announced Friday.

Authorities said Eduardo Hernandez, 42, was arrested without incident May 20 and will soon be extradited back to California, where he could face charges for his escape in Solano County.

Hernandez was six years into a 13-year sentence for carjacking when he stole away from the minimum-security Delta Camp in Suisun City in 2011. He fled with another inmate, Jose Padilla.

The men were last seen about 4:30 a.m. on Nov. 15. Despite both men wearing orange jeans and shirts labeled “C.D.C.R. prisoner,” they vanished. Their escape was heavily covered in the media.

The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation referred reporters to the New York Police Department for details on how Hernandez was apprehended. NYPD officials did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

California prison officials said that since 1977, 99% of “people who have left an adult institution, camp, or community based program without permission” have been caught.

Padilla is not among them. Officials said Saturday that he has “not yet been apprehended.”

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Jessica Garrison writes about Northern California for the Los Angeles Times. She has previously covered Los Angeles City Hall, courts, education and the environment. As a reporter, her work has won a National Magazine Award for Public Service, among other honors. Work she has edited has won a George Polk Award and was a finalist for a Goldsmith Prize. Her book, “The Devil’s Harvest,” told the story of a contract killer who stalked Central Valley farm towns for years while authorities failed to bring him to justice. She is a graduate of UC Berkeley.

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He had a good run.

A California inmate who escaped a prison camp almost 13 years ago was finally recaptured in the Big Apple last month, officials recently revealed.

Eduardo Hernandez, 42, was in the middle of his prison term for an armed carjacking when he broke out of the Delta Conservation Camp before dawn on Nov. 15, 2011, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.

Hernandez was taken into custody after more than a decade without incident in New York City on May 20, and is expected to be hauled back to California where he will once again land in prison, corrections officials said.

More details about his arrest were not provided by California officials and an email to the NYPD was not immediately returned Sunday night.

Hernandez’s case will be turned over to the Solano County District Attorney’s Office for possible escape charges.

The fugitive initially started a 13-year prison rap on Aug. 4, 2005 and had served six years before his escape.

He and another inmate were last seen at around 4:30 a.m. on Nov. 15, 2011 at the minimum security Delta Conservation Camp in Suisun City wearing orange blaze-colored jeans and shirts with “CDCR prisoner” across the back, CBS News Sacramento reported at the time.

The inmate who escaped with him, Jose Padilla, is still on the lam, the Los Angeles Times reported.

The prison camp where Hernandez was serving time is jointly operated by the corrections department and the state’s Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

“The primary mission of the camp is to provide incarcerated fire crews for fire suppression in the Sonoma, Lake, Napa Unit and Solano County areas,” the state’s corrections department stated.

“However, crews can be dispatched throughout the state. In addition to fire suppression, incarcerated hand crews provide a workforce for conservation projects.”

Corrections officials said since 1977, 99% of inmates who “left an adult institution, camp, or community-based program without permission have been apprehended.”

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Tips for Outdoor Workers in Extreme Heat

Extreme heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States. Some workers are disproportionately impacted by this type of weather, including farmworkers and farmers, fishers, firefighters and construction workers. Since 2011, more than 400 workers have died due to environmental heat exposure, and thousands more are hospitalized every year. As heat waves become more intense and frequent, outdoor workers should adjust their activities based on weather forecasts to minimize risks.

Part of being #SummerReady means understanding extreme heat risks. If you are under an extreme heat warning and must be outside, the following tips will help protect you and your loved ones.

Stay Hydrated and Keep up with Your Electrolytes 

• Drink plenty of water before, during and after working in the heat. Aim to consume at least one cup of water every 15 to 20 minutes.
• Avoid caffeinated and sugary beverages, as they can contribute to dehydration.
• Do not skip meals to maintain healthy levels of sodium and electrolytes in your body during hot days. 
• Although hydrating is important, keep in mind that drinking water does not cool inner body temperatures.

Dress Appropriately 

• Wear lightweight, loose-fitting and light-colored clothing that covers exposed skin.
• Use a wide-brimmed hat to shade your face, head and neck.

Take Frequent Breaks and Refine Work Schedules

• When possible, plan outdoor work during cooler hours, such as early mornings or evenings.
• Use rest breaks to cool down and allow the body to recover from heat stress.
• Find shaded or air-conditioned areas for breaks. 
• Avoid direct sunlight during the hottest parts of the day.
• Avoid strenuous physical activity during peak heat hours, if possible.

Monitor Your Health

Be aware of early signs of heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion or heatstroke.

Heat exhaustion signs and symptoms include heavy sweating, cold, pale and clammy skin, muscle cramps, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting and fainting. 

If you are experiencing these symptoms, it is recommended to: 

• Go to an air-conditioned place and lie down. 
• Loosen or remove clothing.
• Put cool, wet cloths on your body or take a cool bath. 

Take sips of water. Get medical attention right away if you are throwing up, your symptoms get worse or your symptoms last longer than one hour. 

Heat stroke signs and symptoms include extremely high body temperature (above 103 degrees) indicated by an oral thermometer; red, hot, dry or damp skin; rapid, strong pulse; headache; dizziness; nausea; confusion; and unconsciousness. 

If you are experiencing these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately:

• Call 9-1-1 or get to a hospital promptly. 
• Move the person to a cooler place until medical help arrives. 
• Help lower the person’s temperature with cool cloths or a cool bath.
• Do not give the person anything to drink.

For more information on responding to a heat stroke, visit Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Extreme Heat webpage . 

Communicate and Collaborate with Others

• Stay in touch with supervisors and co-workers to monitor the latest updates and instructions.
• Look out for each other and report any signs of heat-related distress among colleagues.
• Encourage an open dialogue regarding heat safety concerns and potential improvements in workplace practices. Supervisors might monitor worker safety and remind workers to take breaks and hydrate on a set schedule.
• Let friends or family know where you will be located to ensure safety if faced with a heat-related illness. 

Specific Tips for Farmworkers, Farmers, Construction Workers, Firefighters and Fisher Workers

Farmworkers and farmers .

Farmworkers and farmers are especially vulnerable to extreme heat due to prolonged exposure in fields and open areas with limited shade. Due to this vulnerability, agriculture workers compared to other outdoor professions are 35 times more likely to die from extreme heat.  

• Implement shaded rest areas and make them easily accessible. 
• Use mechanized equipment to reduce physical labor when possible. 
• Rotate tasks to reduce continuous exposure to direct sunlight. 
• Educate workers on the signs of heat-related illnesses and proper hydration techniques. 

Construction Workers 

Construction workers often deal with both the heat and physical exertion from manual labor, making them 13 times more likely to die from extreme heat than other outdoor professions.

• Adjust work schedules to start earlier in the day or later in the afternoon. 
• Provide cooling stations on-site with fans, misters and shaded areas. 
• Ensure all workers are trained in recognizing and responding to heat stress. 

Firefighters

Firefighters face unique challenges due to the heavy protective gear and the intense heat from fires . 

• Ensure proper hydration by carrying water and electrolyte solutions in fire trucks.
• Use cooling vests or other wearable cooling devices during and after fire suppression activities.
• Monitor each other for signs of heat stress and take breaks in air-conditioned environments whenever possible . 

Fisher Workers 

Fisher workers often work in direct sunlight on open water, which can increase the risk of heat exposure.

• Ensure access to shaded areas on boats or platforms for regular breaks.
• Rotate tasks to minimize continuous exposure to the sun.
• Encourage hydration by keeping ample supplies of water and electrolyte solutions on board.
• Provide training on the signs of heat-related illnesses and emergency response procedures.

Remember, prioritizing safety and well-being is paramount during extreme heat conditions. Listen to official guidelines and recommendations from local authorities or your employer related to extreme heat safety to limit risks. 

Visit Ready.gov to learn more. Share this information to raise awareness and prevent heat-related incidents. 

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Report: nashville predators re-sign defenceman.

• June 30, 2024

The Nashville Predators are active this offseason and back to the 2024 NHL trade deadline as defenceman Alexandre Carrier re-signs. This is according to The Athletic’s Pierre LeBrun. Carrier will continue to be a strong depth option to the team’s top-six. Look for him to make an impact as he has done and gives his club a chance at being competitive in 2024-25. Terms have yet to be disclosed.

Alexandre Carrier and the Nashville Predators are close to finalizing a contract extension. He would be have been UFA tomorrow — Pierre LeBrun (@PierreVLeBrun) July 1, 2024

Alexandre Carrier Right-Shot D-Man Re-Signs With the Nashville Predators

Carrier is a 27-year-old defenceman who had played parts of six seasons with the Nashville Predators . Furthermore, he is a versatile defenceman who can play either specialty teams units. In 2021-22 he enjoyed some power play time and put up a career-year offensively. He finished that campaign with 30 points in 77 games, both career-highs. He wasn’t quite on that pace this year with four goals and 16 assists in 73 games. However, one reason he didn’t approach his career-high offensive season, was not being utilized more frequently on the power play. Moreover, he has been used on the penalty kill this year. Throughout his career, he is a plus 19 minute-a-night guy, with his career-high of 20:59, again coming in 2021-22.

Carrier was set to become a free agent in the offseason, so it was a decision Nashville had to make. He was previously making $2.5 million, and given his age, heading into his prime years for a defenceman, contract negotiations likely required some finesse.

What Does This Mean for Nashville

Nashville themselves as an organization seems to be a team in flux. Thanks to their pipeline of goaltenders from Pekka Rinne passing on the torch to Juuse Saros , they have remained competitive for some time. However, this year, like many others in recent memory, they found themselves fighting for a playoff spot. Opposed to say, being comfortably a perennial playoff contender. Hence, they are always looking to build for the future. Keeping Carrier is an example of that, in that they know what value he brings to the club. This can really help General Manager Barry Trotz focus on identifying others roster pieces that need improvement. Carrier provides skills and can help slot in throughout your top-six. Sure this may be just one small step in the process, but one thing you can never have too much of in the playoffs, is defensive depth. 

Main photo: Nick Wosika-USA TODAY Sports

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