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A pathway for multi-stage cyclone-induced hazard tracking—case study for Yaas

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A Pathway for Multi-Stage Cyclone-Induced Hazard Tracking – Case Study for Yaas

A Very Severe Cyclonic Storm “Yaas” developed over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) on May 23, 2021, and crossed over the Odisha coast on May 26 with maximum sustained wind speed of 75 kts. Herein, a pathway has been developed and exemplified for ‘Yaas’ through three-stage cyclone-induced hazard tracking. Days before the cyclone formation, Cyclone Genesis Potential Parameter, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) (> 30 0C) and Tropical Cyclone Heat Potential (anomaly of 40–80 kJ/cm2) indicated a strong possibility of cyclogenesis in the BoB. A Lagrangian Advection Model used for its track prediction with 24-hour lead-time provided an accuracy of ~ 19 km and ~ 6 hour in its landfall location and time. Further, intensity prediction was done using Numerical Weather Prediction model. Geostationary Satellites, INSAT-3D/3DR, were used to visualise cyclone structure. Passing of cyclone had its reverbarations in oceans, which are observed in SST drop of ~ 3o C, salinity and density increase by ~ 1 psu an...

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Cyclone Yaas

A low-pressure area formed over the North Andaman Sea and adjoining east-central Bay of Bengal around May 22, 2021, and has further intensified into a severe cyclonic storm, named ‘Cyclone Yaas’.

Given below are the key facts about Cyclone Yaas important for the upcoming IAS Exam :

In May 2021, another cyclonic storm named ‘ Cyclone Tauktae ’ had affected the Indian states of Kerala, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka, along with two Union Territories: Daman & Diu and Lakshadweep. Read about this cyclonic storm at the linked article. 

Cyclone Yaas [UPSC Notes]:- Download PDF Here

Cyclone Yaas – Key Facts

Cyclone Yaas – Track of Cyclonic Storm

• The cyclone is expected to make landfall somewhere between Paradip (Orisha) and Sagar islands (West Bengal) on the evening of May 26, 2021
• It has originated from the East-central Bay of Bengal
• North Coastal Andhra Pradesh
• West Bengal and Sikkim
• Assam and Meghalaya
• 2021 is the fourth consecutive year that Odisha is being hit by a cyclone
• As per IMD, squally wind speed reaching 55-65 kmph gusting to 75 kmph expected over north interior districts of Odisha, interior districts of Gangetic West Bengal between May 26th and 27th, 2021

Preparedness for Cyclones Yaas

• 46 teams of the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) have been positioned for relief and rescue operations in various coastal Indian states and Union Territories including, Odisha, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Puducherry
• The Indian armed forces have been put on alert, several warships and aircraft have been set on standby for relief and rescue operations
• A warning has been issued for rainfall, wind and high tides by IMD to all the areas expected to be affected by the cyclone
• Fishermen were advised not to venture into the southeast Bay of Bengal and the South Andaman Sea from May 21 onwards
• Forecast track and intensity of Cyclone Yaas, as released by IMD are given in the following table (as of May 24, 2021):

SCATSAT 1 – Scatterometer Satellite-1 or SCATSAT-1 was launched in 2016 and was developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for weather forecasting, cyclone prediction, and tracking services for India. Read on to know more about this satellite at the linked article. 

Bay of Bengal and Cyclone Yaas

Bay of Bengal sees approximately five times as many cyclones in comparison to the Arabian Sea. In addition, cyclones in the Bay are stronger and deadlier. 

The Bay of Bengal is constantly fed by fresh water through giant rivers like the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. The river water that empties into the Bay warms up at the surface and rises up as moisture. 

This makes it difficult for the warm layers of water to mix properly with the cooler layers of water below, keeping the surface always warm and ready to feed any potential cyclone over it. Cyclone Yaas is an outcome of the same process and had originated in the Eastcentral Bay of Bengal. 

For upcoming prelims examination, revise previous year Topic-wise UPSC Prelims Questions compiled in the linked article.

Candidates looking forward to applying for the civil services exam can refer to the detailed UPSC Syllabus for the prelims and mains examination and accordingly start their preparation. 

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Local-level impacts of Cyclone Yaas on the Islands of the Indian Sundarbans Delta

• Short Communication
• Published: 28 November 2023
• Volume 120 , pages 3995–4010, ( 2024 )

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• Shouraseni Sen Roy   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-7082 1 &
• Tuhin Ghosh 2  

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The low-lying islands of the Indian Sundarbans Delta (ISD) contain a unique ecosystem with rich biodiversity, which are at the forefront of the impacts of climate change and natural disasters, such as cyclones. Therefore, in this study, we have analyzed the impact of Cyclone Yaas at the local level in the ISD. We utilized various indices derived from MODIS satellite images to analyze the local-level impacts. The results of our study revealed widespread impacts from high storm surges of 9–16 feet. In general, the daytime land surface temperatures (LSTs) were higher before compared to during the storm, due to lower insolation associated with cloudy skies. However, higher values were observed during the storm for nighttime LSTs and the vegetation indices. More specifically, at the local level, the differences were more pronounced in the vegetated and low-lying coastal areas of the islands. The results of the image analyses were also corroborated with field observations in some of the islands, which showed saltwater encroachment in agricultural lands, collapsed embankments built for protection against storm surge, and food insecurity. The results of our study highlighted the vulnerability of these islands to extreme weather events, and long-lasting impacts on the local communities.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially funded by a senior short-term fellowship from American Institute of Indian Studies. The authors are grateful to the residents of the Indian Sundarbans Delta for opening their homes and sharing their experiences with us, particularly Sanjoy, Gopal, Prateet, and others at https://www.sundarbansafari.com/ for arranging the logistics in the field.

This research was partially funded by a senior short-term fellowship from the American Institute of Indian Studies.

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Roy, S.S., Ghosh, T. Local-level impacts of Cyclone Yaas on the Islands of the Indian Sundarbans Delta. Nat Hazards 120 , 3995–4010 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06304-3

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Received : 15 November 2022

Accepted : 27 October 2023

Published : 28 November 2023

Issue Date : March 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06304-3

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