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Literary Arts inspire, enrich, educate, and entertain. They remind us that there is beauty and joy in language, that others have insights worth paying attention to, that in our struggles we are not alone. By helping writers and translators create new work and connect with audiences through publishers and other literary organizations and programs, the National Endowment for the Arts celebrates the literary arts as an essential reflection of our nation's rich diversity of voices.

Since the agency's beginnings in 1965, the Arts Endowment has awarded more than $125 million in direct grants to literary arts nonprofit organizations and more than $57 million to individual writers.

In addition to grants to organizations and fellowships to writers, the National Endowment for the Arts also engages the public with the literary arts through its initiatives Poetry Out Loud, a nationwide poetry recitation contest for high-schoolers, and NEA Big Read, innovative community reads around a single book, and its participation in the annual National Book Festival.

Literature Fellowships

The National Endowment for the Arts awards Literature Fellowship awards every year in creative writing and translation. These fellowships represent the agency's most direct investment in American creativity. The goal of the fellowships program is to encourage the production of new work and allow writers the time and means to write. Many recipients have gone on to receive the National Book Award, the National Book Critics Circle Award, and the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry and Fiction. Most received their fellowships before any major national award, usually at least a decade earlier.

The Literature Fellowships are the only competitive, non-nominated awards that the National Endowment for the Arts gives to individual artists. See a full list of all the fellowship awards that the agency has given.

Creative Writing Fellowships

Creative Writing Fellowships of $25,000 are awarded in alternating years in prose (fiction and creative nonfiction) and poetry, giving recipients the time and space to create, revise, conduct research, and connect with readers. The program is arguably the most egalitarian grant program in its field: applications are free and open to the public; fellows are selected through an anonymous review process in which the sole criterion is artistic excellence; and the judging panel is diverse and varies year to year. The Arts Endowment has awarded more than 3,700 Creative Writing Fellowships, resulting in many of the most acclaimed novels of contemporary literature: Jeffrey Eugenides's Middlesex , Oscar Hijuelos's The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love , Alice Walker's The Color Purple , William Kennedy's Ironweed , and Bobbie Ann Mason's In Country .

You can meet some of the fellows who received creative writing awards from 2001 to the present.

Translation Fellowships

Translation Fellowships ranging from $10,000 to $20,000 are awarded to literary translators, giving recipients the time and space to create English renditions of the world’s best literature, making them accessible to American audiences. Since 1981, the Arts Endowment has awarded 590 fellowships to 518 translators, with translations representing 80 languages and 90 countries, such as Roberto Bolaño’s 2666 , translated by Natasha Wimmer, and Nobel Prize-winner Olga Tokarczuk’s Flights , translated by Jennifer Croft.

You can meet some of the fellows who received translation awards from 2011 to the present.

And check out the Arts Endowment publication The Art of Empathy: Celebration Literature in Translation containing 19 thought-provoking essays by award-winning translators and publishers on the art of translation and its ability to help us understand other cultures and ways of thought.

Initiatives

A partnership of the National Endowment for the Arts, the Poetry Foundation, and the state arts agencies, Poetry Out Loud is a national arts education program that encourages the study of great poetry. Since the program began in 2005, more than 4 million students and 65,000 teachers from 16,000 schools across the country have participated in Poetry Out Loud.

A new research report, Line by Line: Transforming Student Lives and Learning with the Art of Poetry , presents findings from an evaluation of Poetry Out Loud that involves data collection from ten sample schools assessing the program’s impact on poetry appreciation and engagement, social and emotional development, and academic performance. Among the findings:

Participating POL students were 1.7 times more likely to have 4-year college or graduate school aspirations than nonparticipants, even after researchers controlled for other factors.
POL students were 1.5 times more likely than non-POL participants to engage in community service and volunteering, even after researchers controlled for other factors.
POL gave students an opportunity to grapple with their positive and negative feelings toward poetry. Through multiple modes of engagement, students learned a wide variety of ways to connect with poems—and with each other.

The National Endowment for the Arts Big Read, a partnership with Arts Midwest, broadens our understanding of our world, our communities, and ourselves through the joy of sharing a good book. Showcasing a diverse range of titles that reflect many different voices and perspectives, the NEA Big Read aims to inspire conversation and discovery.

Studies show that reading for pleasure reduces stress, heightens empathy, improves students' test scores, slows the onset of dementia, and makes us more active and aware citizens. Book clubs and community reading programs extend these benefits by creating opportunities to explore together the issues that are relevant to our lives. Wrote one NEA Big Read participant, echoing the sentiments of many other participants around the country, "the book taught us how to talk to and trust one another so that we could ultimately approach issues that were difficult and immediate."

Since 2006, the National Endowment for the Arts has funded more than 1,600 NEA Big Read programs, with activities having reached every Congressional district in the country. Over the past 14 years, grantees have leveraged more than $50 million in local funding to support their NEA Big Read programs. More than 5.7 million Americans have attended an NEA Big Read event, approximately 91,000 volunteers have participated at the local level, and over 39,000 community organizations have partnered to make NEA Big Read activities possible.

National Book Festival

Every year since 2001, the National Endowment for the Arts has participated in the National Book Festival held by the Library of Congress in Washington, DC. First on the Library of Congress grounds and then on the National Mall before moving to the Washington Convention Center, the festival brings together hundreds of thousands of book lovers to hear authors read their work, participate in discussions, sign books, and more. It is one of the most prominent literary events in the nation. The Arts Endowment has sponsored a Poetry & Prose stage annually to focus attention on some of the nation’s finest literary writers—many of whom are National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellows.

In 2020, the festival took place virtually due to the pandemic. The Arts Endowment Poetry & Prose stage featured Literature Fellows such as Tracy K. Smith, Sandra Cisneros, Robert Pinsky, Rita Dove, Joy Harjo, Mark Doty, Danez Smith, Elizabeth Tallent, and Juan Felipe Herrera, as well as a segment on the agency’s Poetry Out Loud program.

Maps to the Next World

Led by the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center (APAC) in collaboration with the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) and the Poetry Foundation, Maps to the Next World is a new digital publishing initiative that seeks to chart new paths forward for the literary arts field. Through a series of commissioned essays published online in a range of journals and linked to APAC’s website, Maps to the Next World seeks to inspire wide-ranging reflections on challenges facing the many sectors of the literary arts and the role the field plays in public life. The initiative will provide a forum for bold ideas and actionable steps towards a more just, accessible, and financially viable literary arts ecosystem.

Maps to the Next World draws its title from the poem “A Map to the Next World” by former US Poet Laureate and NEA Creative Writing Fellow Joy Harjo. The commissioned pieces by both established and emerging writers will range in length, style, form, and perspective. They will engage with topics relevant to a wide range of individuals, organizations, coalitions, and communities within the literary arts, including stakeholders such as writers and translators, teaching artists and book reviewers, literary journals and small presses, reading series and writing workshops.

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The Intersection of Art and Literature: Exploring the Connections Between Two Creative Forms

P Abigail Sadhana Rao

“Painting is poetry that is seen rather than felt, and poetry is painting that is felt rather than seen.”

― Leonardo da Vinci

Art and literature are two creative forms that have been intertwined throughout history. Both forms of expression seek to explore the human experience, conveying emotion and meaning through the use of language and imagery. In this blog post, we will explore the connections between art and literature, examining how these two forms of expression intersect and influence one another.

Visual Storytelling in Literature

Literature often involves visual storytelling, with writers using vivid descriptions and imagery to create a world that readers can visualise in their minds. This visual storytelling can be seen in works of fiction like J.R.R. Tolkien’s “The Lord of the Rings” trilogy, where the author’s detailed descriptions of Middle-earth bring the world to life. The visual imagery of literature can also inspire visual art, with artists like Gustave Doré and John Tenniel creating illustrations for classic works of literature like “The Divine Comedy” and “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.”

Dante Virgil demons illustration Hell Gustave Dore 1861

Literary References in Visual Art

Literature has also influenced visual art, with many artists drawing inspiration from literary works. For example, in the 19th-century masterpiece by Millais , the artist explores Shakespeare’s Hamlet, presenting the poignant figure of Ophelia. Driven to madness after her father’s murder by Hamlet, the painting captures Ophelia in a haunting moment of serenity before her tragic drowning. Millais’s acclaimed artistic skill, particularly the realism in the landscape, distinguishes this portrayal. It stands as one of numerous interpretations immortalising Ophelia’s tragic narrative. The connection between literature and visual art can also be seen in the work of contemporary artist Nina Chanel Abney, who often incorporates literary references and themes into her vibrant and colourful paintings.

Collaborations Between Artists and Writers

Collaborations between artists and writers have resulted in some of the most iconic works of art and literature. For example, the famous collaboration between pop artist Andy Warhol and writer Truman Capote, who worked together on the magazine Interview in the 1970s. In 1969, Salva dor Dal í embarked on a captivating collaboration with Lewis Carroll’s timeless tale, Alice in Wonderland. The result was an extraordinary suite of illustrations that swiftly became one of the most coveted Dalí collections.

Art and Literature in Contemporary Culture

In contemporary culture, art and literature continue to intersect and influence one another. For example, graphic novels like “Watchmen” by Alan Moore and “Maus” by Art Spiegelman combine visual art and storytelling to create a unique and powerful form of expression. The intersection of art and literature can also be seen in the work of contemporary artists like Kara Walker and Jeff Koons, who incorporate literary themes and imagery into their work.

Impact on Society

The intersection of art and literature is important in society because it allows us to explore and express the human experience in different ways. Both forms of expression can challenge societal norms and provoke thought and reflection. By bringing together different creative forms, we can create new and innovative ways of understanding and interpreting the world around us.

Art and literature have a long history of intersecting and influencing one another. Whether it’s visual storytelling in literature, literary references in visual art, collaborations between artists and writers, or the importance of art and literature in contemporary culture, the connections between these two forms of expression are undeniable. As we continue to explore the intersection of art and literature, we can expect to see new and exciting developments that push the boundaries of both creative forms, contributing to the growth of art and literature.

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Types of Art – An Exploration of the Different Types of Art

Since prehistoric times, humans have been creating art through forms and mediums. Over the years, as tools and technologies evolved, the concept of what art is has become the subject of intense debate. There are multitudes of opinions and theories on what can be classified as art, however, in this article, we will discuss the top eight forms of art that have shaped the trajectory of art history itself. Keep reading for a thorough overview of these major forms of art!

Table of Contents

1 What Is Art?
2.1 The Art of Painting
2.2 The Art of Sculpture
2.3 The Art of Installation
2.4 The Art of Architecture
2.5 The Art of Literature
2.6 The Art of Music
2.7 The Art of Cinema and Film
2.8 The Art of Theater
2.9 Exploring Other Art Types
3.1 What Is the Definition of Art?
3.2 What Is the Importance of Art?
3.3 What Are the Eight Different Forms of Art?
3.4 What Are the Different Types of Fine Art Forms?

What Is Art?

There are about as many definitions of art as there are people alive. As a widely accepted definition, art is produced when one’s imagination or creativity is used to create something that can be directly experienced through our senses. Although visual art, witnessed through our sense of sight, is the most common form of art, art itself can appeal to other senses, including our auditory and tactile senses.

Most art forms discussed in this article date back thousands of years. From prehistoric cave paintings and figurines found in ancient caves, to the exquisite architecture and sculpture of ancient Greece and Rome, art forms have played a monumental part in personal and public life.

As the different techniques in art evolved, much of the conversation in art circles were concerned with what the word “art” meant.

This central debate is an important factor in the development of personal style within the broader art movements that have emerged over the years, with particular emphasis on the relationship between utility and aesthetics. The most iconic and revolutionary example of an artist who attempted to shift the definition of art and sculpture was Marcel Duchamp, whose unforgettable ready-made sculpture, The Fountain (1917), explicitly challenged conventional meanings of art. Duchamp claimed that a slightly modified urinal deserved to be classified as art and as a sculpture innovated by himself. This is also a prime example of how art has been leveraged as an important medium through which artists can provide political and social commentary.

Art types should not be confused with art genres, which is a different classification system that was developed by the French Royal Academy and includes still life, portrait, and history, among many others. The different types of art should also be distinguished from form in art, which refers to a specific element within an artwork that relates to shape.

Form in art occurs alongside other elements such as texture, color, space, shape, value, line, and color.

Art provides us with a crucial glimpse into history as a means through which we can understand the life of the humans that came before us, and without which the world would be a far less interesting and inspiring place! It provides a doorway into galaxies of possibility for expression and a valuable platform for political and social commentary.

Exploring the Eight Most Important Types of Art

Although there has been much speculation regarding the definition of art over the years, there is a general consensus that there are around eight main kinds of art, most of which have existed for centuries, if not thousands of years. These different types of art encompass painting , sculpture, installation art, architecture, literature, music, cinema, and theater.

The Art of Painting

Painting is one of the oldest types of art that dates as far back as tens of thousands of years and is evident at various cave sites and rock shelters across the world. Famous sites include the Drakensberg in South Africa, the Northern Territory in Australia, and the Lascaux paintings in France, among many other important historical sites. The majority of these cave sites have become important world heritage sites under UNESCO to preserve cultural history and uphold the maintenance and recognition of archaeological sites. To understand painting, one must recognize its historical legacy and use in art.

Painting refers to the application of paint, usually on a two-dimensional surface.

Paint also consists of a pigment combined with a binding agent such as oil, egg, or water and possibly a filler, to make the quantity more substantial. In ancient times, people relied on natural materials such as plants, bones, ochre, and charcoal to paint, but today, artificial coloring is the primary choice for most artists. In modern times, various other additives were included in paint mixtures and their variations to ensure that paint is not only user-friendly and convenient, but also environmentally safe.

When it comes to the application of paint, the sky’s the limit. Paint brushes, your own fingers, spray cans, or sponges can be used to engage in painting. As new techniques and styles emerged, painting became an institution in its own right, inspiring study, analysis, and debate. Paintings can be classified into one or several of many art movements that are characterized in terms of the underlying philosophy that determined the style, content, and subject matter of the paintings, as well as their temporal location in terms of their relationship to previous art movements.

Well-known art movements that started in Europe include Impressionism (1867-1886), Surrealism (1924-1966), and Expressionism 1905-1920).

Different cultures all over the world developed different styles, including styles defined by the Pop Art movement in the USA during the mid-20th century. There are numerous famous painters who could easily be named as the most significant painters, however, some of the most prominent figures include Impressionists like Claude Monet and Mary Cassatt, as well as Surrealists like Salvador Dalí (1904-1989) and pioneers of Abstract Expressionism such as Jackson Pollock (1912-1956). Many consider abstract painting to be one of the most influential types of painting that can employ a variety of art forms and mediums to convey abstract visuals and themes.

Some of the most prominent art movements and styles emerged from movements inspired by Cubism and Realism in the 20th century, as well as notable Renaissance figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Cubists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque . It is important to also recognize that painting can encompass other fine art forms such as collage, which includes the arrangements of objects to create visual narratives as an element of painting or assemblage. Collage can thus be used to elevate painting or be fused with sculpture to create assemblages.

The Art of Sculpture

Sculpture is another ancient art form that dates back to some of the earliest civilizations on Earth. Unlike painting, this form of art involves the creation of art in the three dimensions. The type of material used can be either natural or artificial, and can range from materials such as clay, metal, bronze, marble, and wood to objects that artists come across in their everyday lives.

Different processes can be used to create a sculpture, including modeling, casting, assembling, and carving.

Sculptures can be free-standing , independent forms, or they can be produced in relief, where the form emerges from a background. An example of a free-standing sculpture is Christ the Redeemer (1931) in Rio de Janeiro by Paul Landowski. One might also equate the origins of true sculpture to the master works of High Renaissance sculptor Michelangelo, whose work had a tremendous impact on Western sculpture.

Mount Rushmore, which was constructed between 1927 and 1941, is a colossal demonstration of a sculpture executed in relief, as well as the elaborate forms carved into the temple complex at Khajuraho in India. Sculptures can also include other forms of art, especially painting, as a form of decoration or embellishment.

Figurines and larger examples of sculptures from the ancient world have been found in various locations around the world. Such sculptures often demonstrated a spiritual or religious function.

The ancient Greeks and Romans were also known for their exceptional sculptures with the most notable example being The Orator and Head of a Roman Patrician , both of which were created in the 1st century BCE. The Statue of Liberty (1886) is a modern example of sculpture that has become world famous.

The Art of Installation

In addition to sculpture, artists can also explore the world of installation art, which relies on a variety of media to provide an immersive and enhanced experience of art. Installation art is often connected to sculpture and performance art, which involve artists arranging objects and artworks in a site-specific space to ensure that the message of the artwork is received and understood.

Installation art can also be understood as large-scale works that encompass mixed media and is usually set up for a set duration in a particular location.

Installation art provides a more sensory experience for viewers and engages with the temporality of the artwork and its conceptual occupation of space. Among the most popular installation artists include figures like Yayoi Kusama, Doris Salcedo, Kurt Schwitters, Kara Walker, and Damien Hirst.

The Art of Architecture

People often identify architecture as going back to the very first structures that people built as places of human residence and protection. If we are to define architecture in this way, we can think of the teepee in America or the yurt in Mongolia.

Some architecture has a distinct aesthetic quality though and the relationship between utility and beauty is sometimes central in architectural design.

Famous examples of architecture that blurs the boundaries between utility and art include the pyramids in Egypt, the Colosseum (70 CE) in Rome, and the magnificent Taj Mahal (1648) in India. Each of these unique structures possess their own story, which continues to capture our hearts and remind us of earlier times in the collective history of architecture and art that reflect the beautiful, and sometimes darker aspects of what it means to be human.

Some of the extraordinary modern-day architectural marvels include the Leaning Tower of Pisa (1173-1372) in Italy, the Eiffel Tower (1887) in France, and the Sydney Opera House (1973) in Sydney, Australia. Other contemporary buildings that were built into existence and have shaped the way we see buildings include the Louvre (1793), the Glass House (1949-1995), and the Guggenheim Museum (1959). Like other kinds of art, architecture also has various styles that reflect certain characteristics and design principles mimicked in art. Some of the most well-known styles of architecture include:

Classical architecture
Renaissance architecture
Gothic architecture
Baroque architecture
Neoclassical architecture
Bauhaus architecture
Victorian architecture
Modern architecture
Post-modern architecture

The Art of Literature

The word “literature” is derived from the Latin word literatura , which translates to “letters” in English and refers to the written word in particular. Language is a powerful and symbolic way of communicating and writing is no exception. The earliest texts date back thousands of years to ancient Mesopotamia, although it is thought that writing developed independently on different continents.

The first piece of literature with an identifiable author was a collection of prayers written by the priestess Ur in Sumeria, Mesopotamia.

Across multiple cultures and civilizations, people fused their own technologies and resources to create new types of literature and texts that borrowed materials from the natural environment. For example, hieroglyphics were written on stone tablets and papyrus (handmade paper made from plants grown in water). In Sumeria, evidence of the first writer was discovered around 1595 BCE and reflected that the writing from Sumerian culture was executed using wet clay to communicate across long distances. This proved useful when cities began flourishing and trade activities increased.

Words are the medium the writer manipulates in creative ways to stimulate an emotional response in readers.

Literature includes poetry, articles, novels, plays, folklore, myths, and legends, as well as other forms of writing. It is most often divided into various genres, similar to art. The history of literature is teeming with literary giants and their works of art, and it is therefore impossible to pinpoint the most influential or the best without resorting to subjective opinion. Libraries have kept millions of books around the world since ancient times. Today, there is a growing industry in electronic text, books, and the storage of data. While digital formats for literature have become a staple mode of access in the 21st century, some of the world’s most significant authors include Cicero, Horace, Virgil, and Ovid among the giants of Latin literature, as well as creative writers such as Dante Alighieri, William Shakespeare, and George Orwell. Prominent authors who received global recognition for their contribution to world literature include figures like Leo Tolstoy, Mark Twain, Franz Kafka, John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, Alexandre Dumas, and Gabriel García Márquez.

The Art of Music

Music is created when there is an organization of sounds, as vibrations, that are put together to form an audible composition. Elements of a musical composition include harmony, timbre, melody, and rhythm. Although the presence of music in ancient civilization is harder to trace than visual art, traces of musical instruments have been found that are thousands of years old.

Music and sound created by voice or instruments (or both) have played an important role in various cultures across the globe, making it a universal art form.

Similar to paint, early instruments were made from a variety of natural resources that communities found within their vicinity, while today, a vast selection of ready-made instruments are available for musicians. These instruments are further classified into three groups: string (violin and guitar), percussion (cymbals and drums), and wind (flute and saxophone) instruments.

Originally, music was confined to its community or environment but thanks to modern developments in technology, music can be produced in different places in the world and distributed widely to enable more accessible to people in distant locations. Additionally, there is also a wide variety of genres to enjoy, including folk, funk, blues, hip-hop, pop, rock, electronic, gospel, country, and indie to name a few.

The Art of Cinema and Film

Relative to the other art types discussed in this article, cinema is a fairly recent form of art. Instead of attributing the development of cinema to one inventor, many great minds contributed to the entrance of cinema as an art form and an appreciated invention of our time.

Cinema first took the form of a “kinetoscope” in 1893, which enabled only a single person to view the motion picture at a time. The first public show debuted in 1895 in Paris.

Early films were not produced as we know of today and neither was the context in which they were broadcast. Visual images on screen lasted only a few minutes and some of the content included comedy skits, news, and pictures of lands beyond the borders. Unlike cinema today, there was often much participation from the audience.

The progression of cinema into the immensely popular and accessible format we know of today occurred within the space of a little over 100 years. Below are the major events that took place that made cinema more attractive to the public:

1891: Prototype of kinetoscope by the Edison Company
1893: The kinetoscope made its first public appearance
1895: Public audience by the Lumière brothers using their Cinématographe
1909: Color was introduced

At the turn of the century, much was afoot in the industry of cinema with many new film industries emerging, especially in Europe and Russia. The first few films to emerge did not have sound but by the 1930s, most movies had sound.

Since then, the attendance rate for cinema lovers has grown exponentially, with a movement in the last few decades toward an increase in film accessibility in private spaces.

The Art of Theater

Theater is a performance art that usually includes a visual element that has been used for entertainment purposes for thousands of years. One of the most famous locations, central to bringing Romans together for entertainment, was the Colosseum, which is now in ruins and was once a symbol of the flourishing Roman Empire. Indeed, Rome in the 6th century BCE was seen as the earliest example of theater in the Western world.

Long before oral storytelling, voice, sounds, and gestures were used to transmit important information from one generation to another, before written language was invented. Evidence for visual storytelling goes back tens of thousands of years but it is widely accepted that storytelling through sound, song, dance, and diagrams formed an integral medium through which traditions were passed down and retained. Theater is a unique form of art in the sense that it can combine several different forms of art in one theater production. A variety of artists can be involved in the range of complex elements that may be involved in a theater production, including costume and stage designers, musicians, actors, and writers.

Theater also encompasses several other sub-categories such as puppetry, dance, circus entertainment, magic performances, and plays.

The history of theater is rich and alive with the spectrum of human emotion that we have all experienced when witnessing the stories embodied in performance. Genres seen in theater performances vary as in art and include genres such as tragedy, comedy, romance, musicals, and drama. Some famous modern-day theater productions include Lord of the Dance and The Lion King which were started in 1996 and 1997 respectively.

Exploring Other Art Types

In this article, we have explored the eight major types of art that have permeated the boundaries of space and time, and infiltrated our conceptions of temporality to embody an enduring creative spirit that is the heartbeat of human life. Contemporary art has taken on new faces and forms that also include the art of fashion, digital art, graphic design, and photography, which are equally as significant as these top eight art forms.

The thread of creativity, expressed in the form of theatre, music, painting, sculpture, installation, architecture, cinema, and literature has continued to evolve and shape the discourse of art as we know it. Art continues to bring color and life into an ever-changing world in a way that not only stimulates an intellectual response but also touches our hearts.

Take a look at our different types of art webstory here!

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the definition of art.

Since humans started producing art thousands of years ago, the meaning of the term has become a topic of debate. The common element in all definitions of the word “art” is an element of creativity in the production of something that is accessible to the human senses or experience. Typically, art is visual and executed in the forms of painting, drawing, or photography, but it can appeal to other senses as well. Art combines the dimensions of functionality and aesthetics.

What Is the Importance of Art?

Art allows for creative expression and can bring beauty into built environments. It is also a medium through which socio-political commentary and criticism can be communicated. Art in all its forms gives us insight into the social and cultural history of humanity and can bring people together in a community that is based on mutual enjoyment and creativity.

What Are the Eight Different Forms of Art?

There are many ways of categorizing different art forms, most people agree that sculpture, installation, architecture, literature, theatre, cinema, painting, and music are the eight primary art forms. Other important art forms that should also be taken into account include photography, digital art, and fashion.

What Are the Different Types of Fine Art Forms?

According to art history, there are five main types of art forms in fine art. These include painting, sculpture, poetry, architecture, and music. Literature can also encompass poetry, prose, drama, and fiction, which can also be incorporated into fine art.

Isabella studied at the University of Cape Town in South Africa and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts majoring in English Literature & Language and Psychology. Throughout her undergraduate years, she took Art History as an additional subject and absolutely loved it. Building on from her art history knowledge that began in high school, art has always been a particular area of fascination for her. From learning about artworks previously unknown to her, or sharpening her existing understanding of specific works, the ability to continue learning within this interesting sphere excites her greatly.

Her focal points of interest in art history encompass profiling specific artists and art movements, as it is these areas where she is able to really dig deep into the rich narrative of the art world. Additionally, she particularly enjoys exploring the different artistic styles of the 20 th century, as well as the important impact that female artists have had on the development of art history.

Learn more about Isabella Meyer and the Art in Context Team .

Cite this Article

Isabella, Meyer, “Types of Art – An Exploration of the Different Types of Art.” Art in Context. November 4, 2021. URL: https://artincontext.org/types-of-art/

Meyer, I. (2021, 4 November). Types of Art – An Exploration of the Different Types of Art. Art in Context. https://artincontext.org/types-of-art/

Meyer, Isabella. “Types of Art – An Exploration of the Different Types of Art.” Art in Context , November 4, 2021. https://artincontext.org/types-of-art/ .

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One comment.

Isabella Meyer’s article is like a cool trip through time, talking about different kinds of art, from old cave paintings to today’s movies. She explains what art is and why it’s important, mentioning famous artists and their groundbreaking works. Meyer also tells us how art connects us to the past and keeps evolving with new styles. It’s like a fun guide to understanding and appreciating the awesome world of art!

The Most Famous Artists and Artworks

Discover the most famous artists, paintings, sculptors…in all of history!

MOST FAMOUS ARTISTS AND ARTWORKS

Discover the most famous artists, paintings, sculptors!

Learning · By Artland Editors

The Most Famous Art Movements and Styles

Throughout history, artists have produced art in a variety of media and styles following different philosophies and ideals. Although labelling may often result in being reductive, different artistic tendencies or styles can be grouped in collective titles known as art movements. If speaking art seems like a discipline in itself to you, here we provide you with the top terms of art movements and styles, from Classicism to Futurism, from Baroque to Avant-garde.

Essential Art Movements and Styles

Abstract Expressionism

Art Nouveau

Avant-garde, color field painting.

Conceptual Art

Constructivism

Dada / dadaism, digital art, expressionism, harlem renaissance, impressionism, installation art, neo-impressionism, neoclassicism, performance art, post-impressionism, precisionism, suprematism.

Abstract Expressionism

The designation ‘Abstract Expressionism’ encompasses a wide variety of American 20th-century art movements in abstract art. Also known as The New York School, this movement includes large painted canvases, sculptures and other media as well. The term ‘action painting’ is associated with Abstract Expressionism, describing a highly dynamic and spontaneous application of vigorous brushstrokes and the effects of dripping and spilling paint onto the canvas.

Read more about Abstract Expressionism .

Emerging in France before the First World War, Art Deco exploded in 1925 on the occasion of the Exposition des Arts Décoratifs (Exhibition of Decorative Arts). Blurring the line between different mediums and fields, from architecture and furniture to clothing and jewelry, Art Deco merged modern aesthetic with skillful craftsmanship, advanced technology, and elegant materials.

Conceptual art

Conceptual art, sometimes simply called conceptualism, was one of several 20th-century art movements that arose during the 1960s, emphasizing ideas and theoretical practices rather than the creation of visual forms. The term was coined in 1967 by the artist Sol LeWitt, who gave the new genre its name in his essay “Paragraphs on Conceptual Art,” in which he wrote, “The idea itself, even if not made visual, is as much a work of art as any finished product.”

Types of Art: Explanation of Major Art Forms (with Examples)

What is art, and how can it be classified? With so many different types of art available, it can be hard to choose which would be a best fit for you, especially as a beginner.

It you understand how to classify art, it will help you to understand where your strengths and interests can make the biggest impact.

The task of categorizing art, however, is difficult, and no single method is sufficient. This is mainly because:

There is an overwhelming number of art styles and forms.
People classify art in different ways, and there is no universal agreement.

In this article, I will give a general overview of art and how it is classified. In particular, I will:

Give a simple definition of art.
Explain how art has traditionally been classified (i.e. the seven traditional art forms).
Examine the shortcomings of traditional methods of classifying art, and explore other ways to classify art.
Explain the various types of art in detail.

By the end of the article, you should be able to understand where any art you encounter fits.

This will make it easier to find the perfect art niche for your particular strengths and mode of creative expression.

This is important if you want to get into art, either as a hobby or a career.

Let us dive in.

1. What is Art?

To classify art adequately, you should define it clearly and understand its characteristics.

So, what is art?

Art can be defined as creative works of beauty or emotional appeal which express the creator’s feelings and vision. Art is created through the application of skill and imagination. [1]

Any definition of art is likely to be insufficient because it is incredibly broad and encompasses many aspects.

When defining art, it helps to look at the various aspects of art . Art:

Involves the creation of aesthetic works. We enjoy beautiful art through our five senses.
Helps to communicate or share the artists’ ideas, emotions, experiences, and beliefs . Art is a form of catharsis where the artist feels compelled to release what is inside.
Involves the application of creativity, imagination, and skill to create original work.
Art arouses feelings and emotions in us. Good art will make you feel something.
Depicts nature in all its forms (living and non-living)

Art comes in various forms (such as audial, visual, and kinetic). Here are examples of art forms.

Music that communicates the emotions, lessons, or beliefs of the musician.
Religious art that conveys the beliefs, stories, or experiences of the believers.
Sculptures of religious, political, or other prominent figures of society.
A play that depicts a battle in history or promotes certain cultural values.

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2. Traditional Forms of Art (The 7 Forms of Art)

Traditionally, art has been categorized into seven forms . [2] These seven forms give us a broad method of classifying art, but as we will see, they have their limitations.

The 7 forms of art are:

Painting. This is a form of art that uses paint as the primary medium.
Sculpture. Sculptures are three-dimensional works of art, such as carvings, and statues.
Literature. This isart through written works.
Architecture. This is the art of designing and constructing buildings.
Cinema. This is art through moving images that tell stories.
Music. This is an audio form of art where instruments or human voices are used to express emotions or pass ideas.
Theater. This is a form of art that uses live performances.

3. Limitations of the Traditional Method of Categorizing Art

The traditional way of classifying art (into the 7 forms) has worked well, but as art evolves, it becomes difficult to fit into the newer art forms.

For example, where would you place art forms such as graphic design, animations, digital art, and web design?

You either have to modify the definitions of the seven art forms or come up with new classes.

Having said that, no method of classifying art will be perfect.

The task of categorizing art into types is hard because:

Art is broad , and there is an overwhelming number of art styles and forms.
Art is always evolving , and it can be difficult to categorize emerging forms of art adequately.
Definitions of the different art forms can be hazy. This means that different arts can appear in more than one category.
Different people classify art in different ways and there is no consensus on any particular method. Given that classifying art is inherently subjective, this can lead to endless arguments.
Some artists don’t like being put in a box and detest the idea of classifying art.
Some people feel that categorizing art leads to hierarchies. For example, someone in fine art may consider someone in applied art as an inferior artist (see Arts versus Crafts ).

Nonetheless, classifying art makes it easy for an ordinary person to make sense of the countless existing art forms.

So, for the rest of this article, I will explore other ways of classifying art and explain the different examples of art that fall under them.

4. How Do You Classify Art? The Main Methods of Classifying Art

Because of the limitations of the traditional way of classifying art, people have come up with other ways to classify art that may better suit their purposes.

Some of the common factors people use to classify art include:

The intent of the art.
The form of the art.
The materials used.
Where the art originated.
The period or era when the art was produced.
The function of the art.

Let us look at them in detail.

#1. The intent of the art

Artists create art with two major motivations:

For self-expression . Here the artist creates works of aesthetic or emotional appeal.
To produce practical objects. Here, art is used to beautify everyday objects like clothes, mats, and bowls (often for sale).

Based on these major motivations, you can classify art into two types.

Fine (Pure) art: This is art created for its own sake (often aesthetic or emotional satisfaction). These include paintings, drawings, and sculptures. Fine art can be further divided into 3 types : visual, performing, and literary arts.
Applied art: This is art created for a practical function. Applied art can be divided into two types: decoration arts and design arts.

#2. The form of art

Art can be categorized based on form. By form, I mean how art is expressed or perceived.

Here are common types of art based on form.

Visual Art. This is art that is primarily enjoyed through the sense of sight. It encompasses many categories of art including 2D Art ( paintings, drawings, and photographs), 3D Art (carvings, reliefs, and models) , video art (film, animations, and music videos), and decorative arts ( etching, staining, and embroidery ).
Audio Art: This is art that is primarily meant to be heard, for example , music, spoken word, beats, and radio.
Performing Art . This is art that is performed live, for example, theater, DJing, live music performance, miming, and spoken word.
Literary Art. This is art in written form, for example, fiction and non-fiction writing.

#3. The Materials Used

Materials like wood, clay, metal, or stone are used in various kinds of art. You can group art based on the type of material used.

The common types of art based on materials used are:

Wood Arts. These include wood carving, engraving, woodcuts, and wood burning (pyrography).
Clay Arts. These include modeling, ceramics, casting, and sgraffito.
Metal Arts. These include etching, casting, gilding, enameling, and stamping.
Stone Arts. These include carving, engraving, polishing, flaming, and sandblasting.
Glass Arts. These include staining, enameling, millefiori, etching, and engraving.

#4. Location

You can also classify art based on where it was produced originally or where it is most common.

Artworks produced in a particular place tend to have similar characteristics that differentiate them from art made elsewhere.

Below are examples of how you can categorize art based on location.

African Art. This is art from sub-Saharan Africa. It is characterized by masks and bronze sculptures
Roman Art. This is art from the Roman Empire and is characterized by sculptures, mosaics, and murals.
Greek Art. This is art from ancient Greece. It spans eras such as the Geometric, Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic.
Egyptian Art. This is art from ancient Egypt. It is characterized by pyramids, statues, and hieroglyphs.

#5. The Art Style and Period

You can group art based on the style, period, era, or movement under which it was made. Art produced in a specific period tends to share similar techniques, philosophy, and style that differentiate them from other periods.

Here are types of art based on art periods. [3], [4], [5]

Ancient Art. This covers art made before 400AD. It includes Prehistoric , Roman, Greek, Minoan, and Egyptian Art.
Medieval Art. This covers art made between 400 and 1350 AD. It includes Early Christian, Gothic, Byzantine, and Romanesque Art.
Renaissance Art. This covers art made between 1350 and 1600 AD. It includes Early, High, Northern, and Late Renaissance Art.
Baroque Art. This covers art made between 1600 and 1750 AD. It includes Rococo (Late Baroque).
Neoclassical Art. This covers art that was made between 1750 and 1800 AD.
Romantic Art. This covers art made between 1800 and 1850 AD. It includes the Nazarene movement, Purismo, and Luminism.
Modern Art. Art produced between 1850 and mid-1940sAD. It includes impressionism, cubism, art nouveau, and surrealism.
Contemporary Art. This covers art produced from the mid-1940s to the Present. It includes Pop Art, Post Modern Art, Op Art, and Conceptual Art.

#6. The Function of the Art

Art plays numerous functions in society such as religious instruction, fostering cultural identity, and propagating political ideology.

You can use these functions to categorize art , for example:

Religious Art: This includes art from major religions such as Islamic Art, Christian Art, Buddhist Art, and Hindu Art.
Political Art : This includes propaganda literature, war posters, protest art, political cartoons, and satire.
Commercial Art. This includes copywriting, product design, advertising art (video, pamphlets, posters, and billboards), packaging art, and branding art (web design).
Therapeutic Arts. This includes journaling, coloring, and dancing.

5. Types of Art Explained (with Examples)

As we have discussed above, it is difficult to fit art into neat categories. No one method of classifying art will adequately meet all needs.

In this article, for the sake of simplicity, I will break down the examples of art into 4 major types. [2], [6], [7]

Fine Arts (Visual Fine Arts)
Applied Arts
Literary Arts
Performing Arts

The majority of art examples should be adequately covered by these 4 types of art.

#1. Fine Arts (Visual Fine Arts)

When we think of art, fine art is what often comes to mind. However, the definition of fine art can be a bit confusing.

What is Fine Art?

Fine art is any art that is created mainly for aesthetic appeal. This kind of art does not have utilitarian value and is meant primarily for enjoyment. [8], [9], [10]

Traditionally, fine art is broken down into three types : [10]

Visual fine arts (which involves the creation of aesthetic art objects like paintings, drawings, and sculpture s).
Performing arts (which involves performance with no objects created).
Literature arts (which involves written works).

However, the definition of fine arts has evolved in common use, and now primarily refers to visual fine arts, with performing and literary arts being separated into their own categories. [8], [10]

Characteristics of Visual Fine Arts

To simplify the classification process in this article, I use the latter definition, where I refer to fine arts as visual fine arts.

I discuss other aspects of fine art (such, as performing and literary arts) separately.

Visual fine arts have the following characteristics:

They are created for appreciation through the sense of sight.
They have no functional (utilitarian) value.
They include 2D (such as paintings and drawings) or 3D still works (such as sculpture) and moving works (such as video, animations, and kinetic sculptures), but exclude performing and literary works.

Examples of Visual Fine Arts

Here are the common examples of visual fine arts.

Painting. This is the art of making images or pictures using paints or pigments. It is commonly done on paper or canvas. Examples include w atercolor, oil, spray, graffiti, and acrylic paintings.
Drawing. This is the art of making pictures or images using materials like pencils, pens, charcoal, chalk, or crayons. Examples include pen, ink, chalk, crayon, and charcoal drawings .
Sculpture. These are three-dimensional works of art made from materials like stone, metal, ceramics, and wood. Examples include r elief, kinetic, 3D, models (clay, wax, soap), carvings (wood), and metal cast.
Printmaking. This is the art of printing patterns, text, or images on paper, wood, metal, textiles, and other materials. Examples include woodcut, linocut, lithography, and screen printing.
Photography. This is the art of capturing images using a camera. Photography can be done using film or digital media. Examples include portrait, wildlife, landscape, food, and fashion photography.
Filmmaking. This is the art of making films or movies. Examples include movie making, home movies, journalistic filming, and sports filming.
Animation. This is the art of making movies by manipulating images, drawings, or models to make them appear to move. Examples include stop motion, motion graphics, and 3D animation.

#2. Applied Arts

Applied arts have far-reaching impacts on our lives. You can see applied arts in kitchenware, advertisements, buildings, vehicles, appliances, and various tech gadgets.

What is applied art?

Applied art is a type of art that enhances the aesthetic appeal of functional objects. In applied art, we use various art techniques to beautify practical objects that we use every day. [11]

For example, an ornately carved door or table is a product of applied art.

Applied art can be categorized into two broad categories. [11]

Decorative Arts. This mainly deals with techniques used to decorate functional objects. [12] Examples include printing, etching, and mosaic.
Design. This deals with improving the aesthetics of objects but also their function. [13] Examples include fashion design, interior design, and interior design.

Characteristics of Applied Art

Here are some common characteristics of applied art.

They beautify functional objects. Applied art techniques are used to decorate practical objects that we use every day.
They are a type of visual art. Applied arts are appreciated through our visual senses i.e. they are aesthetically pleasing visually.
They often have commercial intent. Applied art is used to decorate objects that are meant to be sold. In such cases, decoration increases the value of the object.

Examples of Applied Art

Here are examples of applied art broken down by type (i.e. Decorative and Design Arts).

Decorative Arts Explained (with Examples)

Decorative art is used to beautify functional objects like pots, glass, doors, tables, windows, or baskets. [12]

Some important characteristics of decorative arts

They result in tangible objects. They often result in objects that you can touch such as baskets, mats, or pots.
They improve the aesthetics of useful objects . This can result in intricate and beautifully decorated objects that are useful in everyday life.
They have been practiced for centuries . There is evidence of decorated pottery dating back as far as 14,000 BCE.

Examples of decorative art include:

Carving. This is the cutting of designs in materials like wood or stone. It is often used to decorate doors, windows, and furniture.
Gilding. This is the application of a thin layer of gold on other surfaces. It is often used to decorate weapons, armor, or utensils.
Needlework (such as embroidery, macramé, or quilting ) is used to decorate wall hangings, blankets, mats, or clothes.
Printing Techniques (such as screen, tie-and-dye, or stencil ) are used to decorate textiles, leather, and fabric items.
Enameling. Here, colored enamel is fused to metals using high heat. It is often used to decorate utensils like plates or cups.
Mosaic. This is the use of small pieces of stone or glass to create patterns. It is often used to decorate walls or floors.

Design Explained (with Examples)

Design is concerned with conceptualizing and making products that are beautiful and functional. In design, improving function is as important as enhancing aesthetics. [13]

To quote Steve Jobs: “Design is not just what it looks like and feels like. Design is how it works.”

Some important characteristics of design are:

Its outputs can be tangible objects (such as clothes in fashion design) or intangible (such as a website in web design).
It aims to improve the aesthetics but also the function of the outputs . For example, when designing a user interface (UI) of a web page or app, the aim is to make it look appealing but also improve the navigation.
It is relatively modern. Design incorporates many modern art forms that don’t fit under decorative arts.
Incorporates other disciplines apart from art (such as engineering and science).

Examples of Design arts include:

Industrial design . Here, design is used in mass-produced products like soda bottles, cars, or computers.
Architectural design . Here, design is used to enhance the looks and functionality of buildings.
Cartographic design . Here, design is used to create beautiful maps.
Graphic design . Here, design is used to enhance created works in books, brochures, posters, or billboards.
Interior design . Here, design is used to beautify the interior of buildings (such as houses, hotels, and offices).
Fashion design . Here, design is used to make beautiful clothes.

#3. Literary Arts

Literary art is a powerful art form that has fostered political, cultural, and religious revolutions the world over.

Your views, ideas, and beliefs are likely influenced by something someone wrote down at some point in history.

What is Literary Art?

Literary art is art that is expressed in written form. The artist expresses ideas, beliefs, and emotions through the written word. [14]

Functions of Literary Art

Some of the functions of literary art include:

Providing instruction on how to live life. This is done through religious, philosophical, and cultural works.
Educating and informing. This is often done through non-fiction works such as self-help and journalism.
Preserving information and ideas for posterity . This is done through non-fiction works such as historical texts, biographies, or folklore.
Entertaining. This is commonly done through fiction, poetry, or drama.

Types of Literary Arts (with Examples)

Literary works fit into five main types. [15], [16]

Non-fiction writing This is factual writing based on real people and events. Examples include biographies, letters, historical works, speeches, self-help, and philosophy.
Fiction writing. This is writing based on made-up stories. Examples include fantasy, romance, mysteries, and graphic novels.
Poetry. This is writing that is characterized by rhyme and rhythm. Examples include free verse, limericks, haiku, and sonnets.
Drama. This is literature created to be performed in front of an audience. It often takes the form of a written dialog or script. It includes tragedies, comedies, melodramas, and musical dramas.
Folklore. These are stories, customs, and beliefs of a particular culture that have been passed down orally over many generations. They include fables, fairy tales, legends, jokes, and proverbs.

#4. Performing Arts

This is a popular form of art that encompasses a variety of activities. It is not to be confused with the similarly named Performance Art (see the FAQ section ).

What is Performing Art?

Performing art is a form of art that is meant to be performed live in front of an audience. [17]

Here are some common characteristics of performing arts.

Artists use their bodies as a way to express themselves.
It results in an event rather than a tangible object or artifact.
It is often temporary (unless recorded on video).

Functions of Performing Arts

Here are some popular functions of performing arts.

Entertainment. This is the primary function of most performing arts.
Preservation of tradition and culture . Cultural celebrations often involve music, dances, and plays.
Religious observance. Religious rites incorporate music, dances, and other performances.
Political and cultural protest. Performing arts have been used to drive political and social change.

Examples of Performing Arts

Performing arts are creative activities performed before an audience. These include:

Music. This is an art form where sounds are used to create harmony, melody, and rhythm.
Dance. This is an art form where the performer uses rhythmic body movements (usually timed to music) to express emotions or tell stories.
Cinema. This is a form of art that uses moving pictures to tell a story.
Theater. This is an art that involves the on-stage performance of a play. Drama, on the other hand, refers to the written play (which is a literary art).
Mime and pantomime. These are forms of artwhere the performer tells a story through body movements (without words).
Stand-up comedy. This is an art where the performer tells jokes and funny stories on stage.
Magic. This is the art of producing illusions to entertain audiences.
Circus . This is an art where performers use trained animals or exhibit extraordinary skills to entertain. Circus acts often include acrobatics, animal acts, and clowns.

Types of Art FAQs

Art terms and definitions can be confusing, and this can impact our ability to classify art. In this section, I will explain some of these confusing terms.

#1. What is the difference between art and fine art?

Art is a broad term that applies to many forms of creative expression. It encompasses all types of fine art (such as visual, performance, and literary art), but also applied art (functional art).

Fine art is a sub-category of art that is concerned mainly with aesthetics and self-expression and not function.

#2. What is the difference between fine art and visual art?

Fine art is art produced primarily for aesthetics and enjoyment and has no practical value. In the traditional definition, fine art is much broader than visual art because it encompasses visual forms of art (such as paintings and drawings), as well as performing and literary arts.

Visual art is art that is appreciated primarily through sight. Visual art results in beautiful works but unlike fine art, it encompasses works produced for aesthetics (such as fine art) and works that consider both aesthetics and function (such as applied art).

#3. What is the difference between applied art and fine art?

Applied art is often discussed in contrast to fine art and although both produce beautiful objects, they differ in the intention behind the creative process.

In fine art, the artist is mainly concerned with self-expression and producing aesthetically pleasing objects. Products of fine art don’t have a specific function and are made to be admired, provoke emotions, or for intellectual stimulation. Also, although such objects can be sold, making money is not a primary objective.

In applied art, the artist is mainly concerned with producing objects that are both beautiful and functional. Often, objects made through applied art are for sale. In applied art, the artist considers both the utilitarian and commercial potential of the artwork.

#4. What is the difference between applied art and crafts?

Applied arts , and specifically decorative arts, are art techniques used to decorate functional objects made through crafting.

With crafting, you can make purely functional objects (without any decorations) . You can also make objects that are both functional and beautiful, using various art techniques.

For more on this , you can check out my article on the differences between arts and crafts.

#5. What is the difference between performing arts and performance arts?

Performing art is a form of art that is performed before a live audience. Examples of performing arts include dancing, theater, and circus acts. [17]

Performance art is an unconventional form of art that features a live presentation that incorporates aspects of dance, acting, music, and painting. It aims to communicate political or cultural ideas, often through shocking or provocative means. It has been particularly popular with feminists and war protesters. Examples of performance art include body art, happenings, and action painting. [18], [19]

Wrapping Up

In this article, my aim was to give you a general overview of the various ways you can classify art and the challenges involved.

Hopefully, you have found a framework that you can use to fit in any artwork you encounter.

If you are an artist or wish to be an artist, you should now have a better idea of where your art fits. This will help you as you explain your art to others.

This article is part of a series that explores arts and crafts. You can check out the other articles in the series below.

What is the difference between arts and crafts?

Here are the articles I quoted in this article.

[1] Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Definition of Art

[2] Wikipedia. The Arts

[3] Ridge Light Ranch. Art Periods and Movements

[4] Wikipedia. Periods in Western Art History

[5] Ipox Studios. A Quick Guide to Art Periods, Movements

[6] Art History Project. Categorizing Art

[7] Teresa Bernard Art. What Are The Classifications Of Art?

[8] Collins Dictionary. Definition of Fine Art

[9] Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism. Definitions of Art and Fine Art’s Historical Origins

[10] Wikipedia. Fine Art

[11] Wikipedia. Applied Arts

[12] Britannica. Decorative Art

[13] Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Definition of Art

[14] The Free Dictionary. Literary Art

[15] Study.com. Literature

[16] McGill University. Literature

[17] Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Performing Art Definition

[18] Britannica. Performance Art

[19] The Collector. What is Performance Art and Why Does It Matter?

I'm a professional blogger and hobby enthusiast. I'm passionate about helping people find what they love to do and make a living from it.

Definition of Genre

Genre originates from the French word meaning kind or type. As a literary device, genre refers to a form, class, or type of literary work. The primary genres in literature are poetry, drama / play , essay , short story , and novel . The term genre is used quite often to denote literary sub-classifications or specific types of literature such as comedy , tragedy , epic poetry, thriller , science fiction , romance , etc.

It’s important to note that, as a literary device, the genre is closely tied to the expectations of readers. This is especially true for literary sub-classifications. For example, Jane Austen ’s work is classified by most as part of the romance fiction genre, as demonstrated by this quote from her novel Sense and Sensibility :

When I fall in love, it will be forever.

Though Austen’s work is more complex than most formulaic romance novels, readers of Austen’s work have a set of expectations that it will feature a love story of some kind. If a reader found space aliens or graphic violence in a Jane Austen novel, this would undoubtedly violate their expectations of the romantic fiction genre.

Difference Between Style and Genre

Although both seem similar, the style is different from the genre. In simple terms, style means the characters or features of the work of a single person or individual. However, the genre is the classification of those words into broader categories such as modernist, postmodernist or short fiction and novels, and so on. Genres also have sub-genre, but the style does not have sub-styles. Style usually have further features and characteristics.

Common Examples of Genre

Genres could be divided into four major categories which also have further sub-categories. The four major categories are given below.

Poetry: It could be categorized into further sub-categories such as epic, lyrical poetry, odes , sonnets , quatrains , free verse poems, etc.
Fiction : It could be categorized into further sub-categories such as short stories, novels, skits, postmodern fiction, modern fiction, formal fiction, and so on.
Prose : It could be further categorized into sub-genres or sub-categories such as essays, narrative essays, descriptive essays, autobiography , biographical writings, and so on.
Drama: It could be categorized into tragedy, comedy, romantic comedy, absurd theatre, modern play, and so on.

Common Examples of Fiction Genre

In terms of literature, fiction refers to the prose of short stories, novellas , and novels in which the story originates from the writer’s imagination. These fictional literary forms are often categorized by genre, each of which features a particular style, tone , and storytelling devices and elements.

Here are some common examples of genre fiction and their characteristics:

Literary Fiction : a work with artistic value and literary merit.
Thriller : features dark, mysterious, and suspenseful plots.
Horror : intended to scare and shock the reader while eliciting a sense of terror or dread; may feature scary entities such as ghosts, zombies, evil spirits, etc.
Mystery : generally features a detective solving a case with a suspenseful plot and slowly revealing information for the reader to piece together.
Romance : features a love story or romantic relationship; generally lighthearted, optimistic, and emotionally satisfying.
Historical : plot takes place in the past with balanced realism and creativity; can feature actual historical figures, events, and settings.
Western : generally features cowboys, settlers, or outlaws of the American Old West with themes of the frontier.
Bildungsroman : story of a character passing from youth to adulthood with psychological and/or moral growth; the character becomes “educated” through loss, a journey, conflict , and maturation.
Science Fiction : speculative stories derived and/or inspired by natural and social sciences; generally features futuristic civilizations, time travel, or space exploration.
Dystopian : sub-genre of science fiction in which the story portrays a setting that may appear utopian but has a darker, underlying presence that is problematic.
Fantasy : speculative stories with imaginary characters in imaginary settings; can be inspired by mythology or folklore and generally include magical elements.
Magical Realism : realistic depiction of a story with magical elements that are accepted as “normal” in the universe of the story.
Realism : depiction of real settings, people, and plots as a means of approaching the truth of everyday life and laws of nature.

Examples of Writers Associated with Specific Genre Fiction

Writers are often associated with a specific genre of fictional literature when they achieve critical acclaim, public notoriety, and/or commercial success with readers for a particular work or series of works. Of course, this association doesn’t limit the writer to that particular genre of fiction. However, being paired with a certain type of literature can last for an author’s entire career and beyond.

Here are some examples of writers that have become associated with specific fiction genre:

Stephen King: horror
Ray Bradbury : science fiction
Jackie Collins: romance
Toni Morrison: black feminism
John le Carré: espionage
Philippa Gregory: historical fiction
Jacqueline Woodson: racial identity fiction
Philip Pullman: fantasy
Flannery O’Connor: Southern Gothic
Shel Silverstein: children’s poetry
Jonathan Swift : satire
Larry McMurtry: western
Virginia Woolf: feminism
Raymond Chandler: detective fiction
Colson Whitehead: Afrofuturism
Gabriel García Márquez : magical realism
Madeleine L’Engle: children’s fantasy fiction
Agatha Christie : mystery
John Green : young adult fiction
Margaret Atwood: dystopian

Famous Examples of Genre in Other Art Forms

Most art forms feature genre as a means of identifying, differentiating, and categorizing the many forms and styles within a particular type of art. Though there are many crossovers when it comes to genre and no finite boundaries, most artistic works within a particular genre feature shared patterns , characteristics, and conventions.

Here are some famous examples of genres in other art forms:

Music : rock, country, hip hop, folk, classical, heavy metal, jazz, blues
Visual Art : portrait, landscape, still life, classical, modern, impressionism, expressionism
Drama : comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy , melodrama , performance, musical theater, illusion
Cinema : action, horror, drama, romantic comedy, western, adventure , musical, documentary, short, biopic, fantasy, superhero, sports

Examples of Genre in Literature

As a literary device, the genre is like an implied social contract between writers and their readers. This does not mean that writers must abide by all conventions associated with a specific genre. However, there are organizational patterns within a genre that readers tend to expect. Genre expectations allow readers to feel familiar with the literary work and help them to organize the information presented by the writer. In addition, keeping with genre conventions can establish a writer’s relationship with their readers and a framework for their literature.

Here are some examples of genres in literature and the conventions they represent:

Example 1: Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow , Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out , brief candle! Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing.

The formal genre of this well-known literary work is Shakespearean drama or play. Macbeth can be sub-categorized as a literary tragedy in that the play features the elements of a classical tragic work. For example, Macbeth’s character aligns with the traits and path of a tragic hero –a protagonist whose tragic flaw brings about his downfall from power to ruin. This tragic arc of the protagonist often results in catharsis (emotional release) and potential empathy among readers and members of the audience .

In addition to featuring classical characteristics and conventions of the tragic genre, Shakespeare’s play also resonates with modern readers and audiences as a tragedy. In this passage, one of Macbeth’s soliloquies , his disillusionment, and suffering is made clear in that, for all his attempts and reprehensible actions at gaining power, his life has come to nothing. Macbeth realizes that death is inevitable, and no amount of power can change that truth. As Macbeth’s character confronts his mortality and the virtual meaninglessness of his life, readers and audiences are called to do the same. Without affirmation or positive resolution , Macbeth’s words are as tragic for readers and audiences as they are for his own character.

Like M a cbeth , Shakespeare’s tragedies are as currently relevant as they were when they were written. The themes of power, ambition, death, love, and fate incorporated in his tragic literary works are universal and timeless. This allows tragedy as a genre to remain relatable to modern and future readers and audiences.

Example 2: The Color Purple by Alice Walker

All my life I had to fight. I had to fight my daddy . I had to fight my brothers. I had to fight my cousins and my uncles. A girl child ain’t safe in a family of men. But I never thought I’d have to fight in my own house. She let out her breath. I loves Harpo, she say. God knows I do. But I’ll kill him dead before I let him beat me.

The formal genre of this literary work is novel. Walker’s novel can be sub-categorized within many fictional genres. This passage represents and validates its sub-classification within the genre of feminist fiction. Sofia’s character, at the outset, is assertive as a black woman who has been systematically marginalized in her community and family, and she expresses her independence from the dominance and control of men. Sofia is a foil character for Celie, the protagonist, who often submits to the power, control, and brutality of her husband. The juxtaposition of these characters indicates the limited options and harsh consequences faced by women with feminist ideals in the novel.

Unfortunately, Sofia’s determination to fight for herself leads her to be beaten close to death and sent to prison when she asserts herself in front of the white mayor’s wife. However, Sofia’s strong feminist traits have a significant impact on the other characters in the novel, and though she is not able to alter the systemic racism and subjugation she faces as a black woman, she does maintain her dignity as a feminist character in the novel.

Example 3: A Word to Husbands by Ogden Nash

To keep your marriage brimming With love in the loving cup, Whenever you’re wrong, admit it; Whenever you’re right, shut up.

The formal genre of this literary work is poetry. Nash’s poem would be sub-categorized within the genre of humor . The poet’s message to what is presumably his fellow husbands is witty, clear, and direct–through the wording and message of the last poetic line may be unexpected for many readers. In addition, the structure of the poem sets up the “punchline” at the end. The piece begins with poetic wording that appears to romanticize love and marriage, which makes the contrasting “base” language of the final line a satisfying surprise and ironic twist for the reader. The poet’s tone is humorous and light-hearted which also appeals to the characteristics and conventions of this genre.

Synonyms of Genre

Genre doesn’t have direct synonyms . A few close meanings are category, class, group, classification, grouping, head, heading, list, set, listing, and categorization. Some other words such as species, variety, family, school, and division also fall in the category of its synonyms.

Art Types Uncovered: A Comprehensive Guide to Artistry

Art has been around since the dawn of time, and we’ve always been drawn to create art in various forms. But there is also a lively debate about what exactly can be defined as art .

In this guide, I’ll explain the seven forms of artistic expression. These are all commonly accepted as the most well-known art forms.

What is Art? (A Definition)

Art is a tricky thing to define. Just like beauty, art is in the eye of the beholder. What looks like art to one person might be meaningless to someone else. So, there isn’t one clear definition of what art is.

Humans have discussed and debated art as a concept for centuries. A common understanding is that art is something created through skill or imagination. And often, it aspires to be an object of beauty.

But a piece of art doesn’t have to be beautiful to be classified as art. Art can also convey a message or provoke a reaction in the viewer.

And there’s more to art than the visual forms of art that first come to mind. So, let’s take a closer look at the various types of art expression.

What are the 7 Different Forms of Art?

Seven main forms of art are accepted across the world. Each art form has been around for centuries, if not millennia.

There is evidence that humans have participated in these art forms as far back as human history. So, let’s learn more about the different art forms below.

Painting

Paintings are the most common and well-known of all the art forms. In fact, children often start painting as soon as they can hold a paintbrush . It’s an accessible type of art for almost anyone. But becoming a talented artist also requires a lot of skill, patience, and creativity.

In this art form, artists use paint on canvas, paper, or other materials to create a piece of art. However, there are many different painting styles, depending on the type of paint you use. You can choose from watercolors, acrylic, and oil paints. Each type of paint will create a unique look and requires specific techniques to get the most out of it.

If you want to learn more about painting, you can look at works by the great masters. Picasso, Monet, Kahlo, and Van Gogh are just a few names to get you started.

As you develop your painting skills, you can attempt to recreate their artworks. But you should also make sure to develop your own art style so that your paintings stand out.

There are also many different art movements and painting styles. These range from classical to cubist, surreal to impressionist. Painting offers limitless possibilities for what you can create, so why not try it?

Sculpture is an ancient art form dating from the Ancient Greeks and Egyptians. But there is also evidence of sculptures much further back in history.

Unlike paintings, sculptures are 3D visual artworks. They’re made by chipping and shaping materials like stone, clay, wood, or metal.

Michelangelo was one of the most well-known sculptors of the Italian Renaissance. Today, tourists still flock to Florence worldwide to see the famous statue of David.

Sculptures are often seen in public spaces like government buildings, churches, and cathedrals. These artworks are often large, so they’re not so common in the home. But in the past, wealthy families commissioned sculptures from the most talented artists.

But sculpture is an art form that is alive and well today. Many modern sculptors are creating their own twist on this art form. They are experimenting with new shapes, techniques, and even new materials like plastic.

Sculpture isn’t the easiest art form to learn. First, you’ll need plenty of materials, such as materials to work with and tools to use. But you’ll also need expert training and guidance to learn the trade skills.

Architecture

Architecture has been around as long as buildings have been around. It’s the art and science of creating not only functional but also beautiful buildings.

Some key examples include amazing buildings like the Taj Mahal in India and the Coliseum in Rome. And even earlier, you have the pyramids built in Egypt and Mexico. These buildings were huge undertakings that required knowledge, skill, and imagination.

There have been many different movements across the ages. Some of the most well-known include Classical, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture. But then you also have Neoclassical, Bauhaus, and Modern architecture.

Each movement has its own distinctive styles, forms, and use of color. These make the buildings easily recognizable. Anyone who wants to become an architect has a rich history to delve into and learn from.

We’ve all come across literature in one way or another. You likely studied literature in school. It’s a written art form that uses carefully crafted words to convey a message.

Words themselves can be beautiful when composed with skill and talent. Literature includes many sub-forms, such as poetry, essays, novels, short stories, and non-fiction. (Here are my recommendations for the best non-fiction books for artists ).

We can learn a lot by studying the greats, such as the master playwright Shakespeare. There are many reasons why we often return to classics by Jane Austen and Charles Dickens.

And the myths of Ancient Greece and Rome have permeated our culture. You’ll often find them referenced in popular culture, from movies to sitcoms.

Many writers state that the first step to becoming a writer is reading widely. You can also start keeping a journal and make it a habit to write in it every day. In this way, you’ll develop your observational and writing skills.

Music

Almost everyone is drawn to music in some form or another. And many of us aspire to become musicians or singers, creating our own music for others to enjoy.

Even if you’re not a musician, you can appreciate music as an art form. Music organizes sounds into a composition that is attractive to the ear.

But as with any other type of art, there are endless types of music. You can probably think of everything from classical music to pop, rock, and more.

There’s evidence that we’ve been creating music as far back as history. Basic instruments date back thousands of years. And you can find some form of singing in almost every culture around the world.

It’s instinctive to create music with the human voice. Even the youngest children enjoy lullabies and start making their own music as soon as possible.

Many musicians are self-taught through a combination of innate talent and determined motivation. But there’s a lot to learn when it comes to music.

For example, you’ll need to be able to read music to play an instrument. And there are many different elements to master, from rhythm to harmony and melody.

Theater predates cinema and differs from it as it involves live performers. This performance art isn’t new – it’s been around for centuries and even millennia. We have plenty of evidence of theater performed in ancient China, Greece, Rome, and Egypt.

As humans, we love storytelling and entertainment. Theater combines both aspects in a communal experience we can go through together.

In Shakespeare’s era, theater was affordable and a common form of entertainment. Theatergoers would often heckle and interact with the actors (then called “players”)

Through visual props, music, storytelling, and acting, theater can be a transformative experience. It can take you anywhere in the world and put you in another’s shoes.

There are many forms of theater, from plays to dance shows, circuses, and puppet shows. Plays can range from comedies to tragedies and everything in between.

Cinema is the newest art form on this list, and it has both similarities and differences with theater. Cinema only became possible after the first movie camera was invented in the 1880s. But it wasn’t until the early 1900s that movies became more mainstream.

As you can imagine, cinema has evolved a lot over the years. The first color movies weren’t released until 1909. And initially, all films were silent as the cameras couldn’t capture audio. It was only in the late 1920s that “talkies” became much more common.

Cinema is an art form, providing a lot of creative and technical potential. First of all, you need a screenplay that will capture the audience’s attention. Then, you decide on the filming process, casting, costumes, and special effects.

But cinema also shares many of the same elements as other art forms. For example, cinematographers must consider the story, composition, and framing. They need to consider the movie’s use of space, color, and language.

Cinema has undoubtedly taken a lot of inspiration from the world of theater. But the technical differences set these two art forms apart. And thanks to home streaming services, we can watch the best movies from the comfort of our own homes.

Different Art Forms – FAQ

What are the different types of art.

There are seven main types of art. These include traditional visual art forms such as sculpture and painting. But music, literature, theater, and cinema are also considered types of art. The final art form is architecture.

What are the different art styles?

Within these art forms, you’ll find different styles or movements. For example, painting is one of the types of art expression. But there are many painting styles, from abstract to expressionist, modernist, and more.

What is the most common type of art?

Painting is probably the most common type of art. Humans have been painting since prehistoric times, with cave paintings as evidence. Painting is one of the most accessible art forms, as you need relatively few supplies. You can get started with a basic and affordable painting set . So, anyone can learn how to draw and paint with a little motivation and dedication.

The Wrap Up

There are seven main forms of art expression, each with a rich history. Now, you should have a deeper understanding of the art forms, from sculpture to theater.

Let me know if you have any questions about these art forms below. And check out my guide to the visual arts for more information on different types of art!

Make sure to follow Proactive Creative on social media and Pinterest ! I’ll keep you up to date on the best content, tips, and reviews for creative professionals.

Outmane is the founder of Proactive Creative. He is an artist/designer.

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Art Styles Explained — A Complete Guide to 40+ Art Movements

Art Styles Explained
Art History Timeline
Renaissance
Neoclassicism
Naturalism vs Realism
Romanticism
Art Nouveau
Kinetic Art
Post Impressionism
Primitivism
Abstract Expressionism
Avant Garde
Conceptual Art
Constructivism Art
Expressionism
Harlem Renaissance
Magical Realism
Suprematism
Contemporary Art
Installation Art
Photorealism
Performance Art

O ver the millennia, the world has seen a vast array of art styles. But what are they? We’re going to break down art styles from abstract expressionism ukiyo-e. We’re also going to embed links to dedicated articles on many of the art styles discussed. By the end, you’ll have a cursory knowledge of many different art styles; as well as an opportunity to learn more.

TYPES OF ART STYLES

Art styles explained & art history timeline.

Avant-Garde
Post-Impressionism

Types of Art Styles

Abstract expressionism.

Art Styles List • Abstract Expressionism, Explained by The Museum of Contemporary Art

Abstract expressionism is an American abstract art style that was developed in the 1940s/50s in New York City.

Notable artists of the movement: Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, and Willem de Kooning.

Learn more about Abstract Expressionism →

Art Styles Examples

Art Style Names • Art Deco, Explained by Curious Muse

Art Deco is a grandiose art style that pervaded architectural and aesthetic design in the 1920s.

Notable products of the movement: The Chrysler Building, Grauman’s Egyptian Theatre, Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.

Art Movements List

Different Art Styles • Art Nouveau, Explained by Vox

Art Nouveau was a reactionary art movement that sought to juxtapose the industrial aesthetic of late 18th-century Europe. Over time, Art Nouveau – which literally translates to “new art” – became known as an art style around the globe.

Other names for Art Nouveau: Modern Style, Liberty Style, and Tiffany Style.

Learn more about Art Nouveau →

What are the Types of Art?

All Types of Art • Avant-Garde, Explained by National Galleries

Avant-garde is an art style that rejects the cultural, structural, and or stylistic “norm” and builds something new in its stead.

Learn more about Avant-Garde →

Did You Know?

“Avant-garde” is a French term that describes a military group that scouts enemy forces. Over time, the term “avant-garde” has come to mean “anything outside the norm.”

All Art Styles

Art Styles List • Baroque Art, Explained by SmartHistory

Baroque is a European art style that influenced music, theater, architecture, painting, sculptures, and more from the early 17th-century to the mid 18th-century. Baroque art is defined by expressiveness; audacious displays of character, elements of musical/ visual composition, and exorbitant physical production.

Artists of the Baroque period: Bernini, Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Bach, Vivaldi, and more.

Learn more about Baroque →

Art Styles Examples • Bauhaus Art, Explained by Curious Muse

Bauhaus is an art style that was founded in Germany in 1919 at the Staatliches Bauhaus art school. Bauhaus is meant to combine a pleasing-aesthetic with consumer utility.

Art of the Bauhaus period: Red Balloon by Paul Klee, The Wassily Chair by Marcel Breuer, Bauhaus building in Dessau, Germany.

Learn more about Bauhaus →

List of Art Movements

Art Style Names • Classicism Art, Explained by Scott Lawrie Gallery

Classicism is an art perspective that seeks to replicate the style of the “classical” period, particularly in Ancient Greece and Rome.

Art movements rooted in classicism: Italian Renaissance and Neoclassicism.

Learn more about Classicism →

How Many Art Styles Are There?

All Types of Art • Conceptual Art, Explained by The Art Assignment

Conceptual is an art style that places emphasis on “concept” rather than form.

Conceptual artists: Marcel Duchamp, John Baldessari, and Damien Hirst.

Learn more about Conceptual Art →

J Cut & L Cut Explained

Constructivism art is an abstract, propaganda-fueled art style that was popularized in Russia during the leadup to the Russian Revolution.

Constructivist artists: Vladimir Tatlin, Alexander Rodchenko, and El Lissitzky.

Learn more about Constructivism Art →

Contemporary Art Styles

Art Genres List • Contemporary Art, Examined by The Art Assignment

Contemporary art is art of the current era. Contemporary art is often referred to as Modern art; which detracts from the denotation of the latter’s movement.

Contemporary artists: Banksy, Jeff Koons, and Takashi Murakami.

Learn more about Contemporary Art →

Different Art Styles • Cubism Art, Explained by Tate Kids

Cubism is an art style that was popularized in early 20th-century Europe. Cubist artists seek to depict cubic subjects from a variety of angles, thus often making their works abstract in nature.

Cubist artists: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Jean Metzinger.

Learn more about Cubism →

Different Art Styles

Art Styles List • Dadaism Art, Explained by CrashCourse

Dadaism is a surrealist art style that was popularized in Zurich, Switzerland and New York City, United States in the early 20th-century. Dadaism rejects social uniformity and promotes lunacy.

Dadaist artists: Marcel Duchamp, Tristan Tzara, and Hans Arp.

Learn more about Dadaism →

Every Art Style Explained • De Stijl, Explained by Sotheby’s

De Stijl was a Dutch art movement that loosely refers to a style of abstract art from 1917 to 1931. De Stijl art is dictated by simple geometry and use of black, white, red, yellow, and blue.

De Stijl artists: Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, and Bart van der Leck.

Learn more about De Stijl Art →

Different Art Styles • Expressionism Art, Explained by National Galleries

Expressionism is a subjective art style that was founded Western/Northern Europe in the late 19th-century to early 20th-century.

Expressionist art: The Scream (1893) by Edvard Munch and Blue Horses (1911) by Franz Marc.

Learn more about Expressionism Art →

Art Styles List • Fauvism Art, Explained by Philinthecircle

Fauvism is an avant-garde art style that was founded in France in the early 20th-century. Fauvism places emphasis on substantive use of color over form.

Fauvist artists: Henri Mattise, André Derain, and Maurice de Vlaminck.

Different Art Styles • Fluxus, Examined by kinolorber

Fluxus was an experimental art movement that took place primarily in the 1960s and 1970s. George Maciunas is credited with writing the “Fluxus Manifesto” which outlines the tenets of the movement.

Fluxus artists: George Maciunas, Yoko Ono, and Joseph Beuys.

Learn more about Fluxus →

Art Styles List • Folk Art, Examined by Financial Times

Folk art is art that relates to folklore; including tales, legends, and proverbs.

Folk art examples: Old Bright, The Postman (~1830s) by George Smart and Grandma Moses Goes to the Big City (1946) by Anna Mary Robertson Moses.

Art Styles Examples • Futurism, Explained by Curious Muse

Futurism is an art movement that was founded in Italy in the early 20th-century, and perpetuated throughout the world in the 20th-century. Futurism is defined by a focus on future technologies and their associated representation(s); particularly in motion.

Futurist artists: Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Umberto Boccioni, and Luigi Russolo.

Learn more about Futurism →

Art Genres List • Gothic Art, Explained by Art History 101

Gothic art refers to art produced during the late dark ages (circa 12th-century to 16th-century); defined by imposing tone and form. Dark, or muted colors dominate much of gothic art.

Gothic artists: Giotto, Duccio, and Ambrogio Lorenzetti.

Learn more about Gothic Art →

Different Art Styles • The Harlem Renaissance, Explained by CrashCourse

The Harlem Renaissance was an American art movement that took place in Harlem, New York City during the 1920s and 1930s. The Harlem Renaissance sought to authentically depict the Black experience in America.

Harlem Renaissance artists: Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Huston, and Countee Cullen.

Learn more about Harlem Renaissance →

Impressionism

Art Style Names • Impressionism, Explained by The Art Assignment

Impressionism is an art movement that was developed in France in the late 19th-century. The subject matter of visual impressionist works are often unremarkable in nature.

Impressionist artists: Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Camille Pissaro.

All Types of Art • Unusual Art Installations, Explained by Top Fives

Installation art is an art form that utilizes an “installation” of objects in a specific space.

Installation art examples: The Weather Project (2003) by Olafur Eliasson, Sunflower Seeds (2010) by Ai Weiwei, and Electronic Superhighway; Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii (1995) by Nam June Paik.

Learn more about Installation Art →

Different Art Styles • Kinetic Art, Examined by Wired

Kinetic art is art in motion. Kinetic art is created through a variety of mediums; perhaps most notably in sculpture.

Kinetic art: Kinetic Construction ( Standing Wave ) (1919-1920) by Naum Gabo and Monument to The Third International (1919-1920), by Vladimir Tatlin.

Learn more about Kinetic Art →

Art Styles Examples • Land Art, Explained by Heni Talks

Land art is an art movement that was founded in the 1960s in the United States. Land art is simply art that uses land as a canvas.

Land art examples: Spiral Jetty (1970) by Robert Smithson, Niagara Gorge Path Relocated (1975) by Michelle Stuart, and Stellar Axis: Antarctica (2006) by Lita Albuquerque.

Learn more about Land Art →

Art Style Names

Different Art Styles • Magical Realism, Explained by Curious Muse

Magical realism is an art style that is rooted in German, Colombian, and Italian theory. Magical Realism inserts magical elements into a realistic setting; thus creating an oxymoron-esque world.

Where Magical Realism is used: literature, movies, games, paintings, sculptures, etc.

Learn more about Magical Realism →

Art Styles Examples • Minimalism Art, Explained by The Art Assignment

Minimalism art is an art style that was popularized globally after World War II. Minimalism art is inherently simple in nature and form.

Minimalist artists: Robert Morris, Sol LeWitt, and Ellsworth Kelly.

Contemporary Art Styles • Modern Art, Examined by Business Insider

Modern Art refers to temporally modern art, and the Western art movement of the same name, from 1860 to 1970. The Modern Art movement included impressionist, cubist, fauvist, surrealist, and other sub-movements.

Modern Art movement artists: Pablo Picasso, Frida Kahlo, and Jackson Pollock.

Learn more about Modern Art →

Art Styles Examples • Neoclassicism, Explained by Art History With Alder

Neoclassicism – which translates to “new classicism” – was a Western art movement that sprouted in the wake of the rediscovery of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Neoclassicism reintroduced (renovated) artistic characteristics of the Classical era: particularly that of Greece and Rome.

Neoclassical artists: Jacques-Louis David, Antonio Canova, and Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres.

Art Styles Examples • Op Art, Examined by The Richest

Op art is an art style that uses optical illusions. Op art is a popular component of installation art and surrealist art.

Op artists: Marina Apollonio, Richard Anuszkiewicz, and Bridget Riley.

Different Art Styles • Performance Art, Explained by TateShots

Performance art is an art style that is predominantly defined by its performative elements. Performance art is generally presented to a live audience.

Performance artists: Marina Abramović, Nick Cave, and Adrien Piper. Learn more about Performance Art →

Art Styles Examples • Photorealism, Examined by GamingBolt

Photorealism is an art movement that seeks to replicate the look of real-life photographs through another medium. In the 21st century, new technology has made photorealism nearly indistinguishable from photographs.

Mediums of photorealism: painting, illustration, and game design.

Learn more about Photorealism →

Art Styles List • Pop Art, Explained by Art Gallery of NSW

Pop art was a Western art movement that was popularized in The United States and Great Britain in the 1950s. Pop art – known for its bright, attention-catching colors – was used in advertising, merchandising, and graphic design during an era of rapid consumer growth.

Pop artists: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Richard Hamilton.

Learn more about Pop Art →

Art Styles Examples • Post-Impressionism, Explained by Philinthecircle

Post-impression was a French art movement that took place at the end of the 19th-century. Post-impression was an exaggerated extension of the Impressionist movement; defined by artist interpretation of a moment in time.

Post-Impressionist art: The Starry Night (1889) by Vincent van Gogh, The Centenary of Independence (1892) by Henri Rousseau, and Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? (1897-98) by Paul Gauguin.

Learn more about Post-Impressionism →

Precisionism

Different Art Styles • Precisionism, Explained by Art History 101

Precisionism was an American art movement that was founded in the 1920s. Precisionist art is characterized by sharp lines; sometimes referred to as cubist-realism.

Post-Impressionist artists: Charles Delmuth, Charles Sheeler, and George Ault.

Different Art Styles • Primitivism, Explained by Open College of the Arts

Primitivism is an art style that seeks to depict elements of primitive life. Primitivism is largely viewed as a Western art movement.

Primitivist art: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) by Pablo Picasso, Bathers in a Room (1909) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, and The Seed of the Areoi (1892) by Paul Gauguin.

Learn more about Primitivism →

Renaissance Art

Art Styles Examples • The Renaissance, Explained by Crash Course World History

Renaissance art refers to art produced during the Renaissance period (late 14th to early 17th century), primarily in Italy. Renaissance translates to “rebirth” – which is apt as Renaissance art is considered a rebirth of style and form.

Renaissance artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

Learn more about Renaissance →

Different Art Styles • Rococo, Explained by April Goeke

Rococo was an art style that dominated European art after the reign of King Louis XIV ended in 1715. Rococo art – sometimes referred to as Late-Baroque art – is playful in nature; focusing on idealized subject matters; depicted with bright, pastel characters.

Rococo artists: Francisco Goya, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, and François Boucher.

Learn more about Rococo →

Different Art Styles • Romanticism, Explained by The School of Life

Romanticism was an art movement that sprouted in the late 18th-century in Europe. Romantic art is perhaps best viewed as the antithesis to industrialization.

Romantic art examples: Wanderer Above the Sea (1818) by Caspar David Friedrich, The Raft of the Medusa (1819) by Théodore Géricault, and Liberty Leading the People (1830) by Eugène Delacroix.

Learn more about Romanticism →

Different Art Styles • Street Art, Examined by Ted-Ed

Street art is art made on public streets, walls, and objects. For example, graffiti is a famous example of street art.

Street art examples: We the Youth (1987) by Keith Haring, My God, Help Me to Survive This Deadly Love (1990) by Dmitri Vrubel, and Girl With Balloon (2017) by Banksy.

Learn more about Street Art →

Different Art Styles • Suprematism, Explained by Jackson Kliewer

Suprematism was an abstract art movement that was founded by Polish-Ukrainian Russian avant-garde artist Kazimir Malevich in 1913. Suprematism is meant to communicate “feeling” through geometry.

Suprematist art: Black Square (1915) by Kazimir Malevich, Suprematist Composition (1916) by Kazimir Malevich, and Composition 8 by Wassily Kandinsky (1923).

Learn more about Suprematism →

Art Styles List • Ukiyo-e, Explained by Jackson Kliewer

Ukiyo-e is a Japanese art style that was especially popular from the 17th-20th century. Classical Ukiyo-e, which translates to “pictures from the floating world,” sought to show Japanese life and history.

Ukiyo-e art examples: The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1830-1833) by Hokusai, Fine Wind, Clear Morning (1830-1832) by Hokusai, and No . 57, Grounds of Kameido Tenjin Shrine (from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo) (1856) by Hiroshige.

Learn more about Ukiyo-e Art →

Explore More Styles and Movements

This was just one of many fascinating segments of art history. There are many eras, styles, artists, and movements to discover. Let's continue our study by choosing the next stop on your way to becoming an art aficionado. Below you can visit our Art Styles Index , our Art History Timeline , or choose an individual movement.

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Literary English

Different Types of Literature

What is literature.

Literature generally can be any written work, but it especially is an artistic or intellectual work of writing. The usage of language in literature is sometimes different from the way it is ordinarily used. The difference is the use of artistic tools to create aesthetic beauty in a text. Literature is the depiction of the society. It is a great tool to teach the morality to a society. There are different types of literature through which different writers serve their own ends. Here is the detailed study about types of literature.

Types of Literature

These are the main types of literature: Drama, Fable, Autobiography, Biography, Poetry, Prose, Science Fiction, and Journalistic Literature.

Drama is a play in literature, and a playwright composes it. It portrays fictional or non-fictional stories. To explain away certain events, characters, or stories, a drama is produced, using dialogues or actions. It can be performed on stage, radio or on big screens as in films. Conflicts, emotions and impressive characters are required to produce a high-quality drama. There are many forms of drama but some of the most common are: comedy, tragedy, musical drama and melodrama . Let us have a brief explanation of these types of drama.

Comedy: Comedy is a type of drama, which is lighter in tone. Its purpose is to make the audience laugh and amuse them. It has a happy ending. Very unusual circumstances are there coupled with quick and witty remarks. People consider it as the most entertaining and fun form of drama and literature. An example of a comedy drama is ’The Comedy of Errors’ by William Shakespeare.

Tragedy: Tragedy is the type of drama that has a dark theme. It portrays suffering, pain, longing, and often death. An example of a tragedy drama is ‘ Romeo and Juliet’ by William Shakespeare.

Musical Drama: A musical drama tells a story with dialogues, songs, music, and dance. These things convey the emotions in the drama. An example of a musical drama is ‘A Star is Born’ , which starred Lady Gaga.

Melodrama: Melodrama is a kind of drama that portrays exaggerated emotions like tension or excitement. It arouses the same emotions in the audience and makes them indulged in it. The situation and the dialogues are more important in a melodrama than action. An example of a melodrama is ‘Still Life, Brief Encounter’ by Noel Coward.

Writers write a fable when the intention is to provide the audience with a moral story. A fable usually uses animals as characters to convey the story. In Fables, animals act like humans and are able to speak and understand reasoning. They are a personification of human characteristics and their nature. An example of a fable is the famous story of ‘The Tortoise and the Hare’ , which almost every child has heard in his childhood.

Autobiography

Autobiography is an interesting thing to read because of its teller of the story is the one, about who the story is. The character himself is the writer and describes his life from his own original perspective and experiences. It gives you an insight on the person that is writing it, because they share their true-life events and thoughts. Mostly, famous people write autobiographies to tell their story to their fans and the world. A famous and spectacular example of autobiography is ‘The Diary of a Young Girl’ , a book by Anne Frank.

Biography in literature tells the story of a person from another person’s perspective. Someone else writes it rather than the subject himself. The writer could be somebody close to the person or somebody who had studied about that person. Biography is different from a resume because it enlightens the audience with different aspects of a person’s life. A great example of biography is ‘Unbroken: A World War II Story of Survival, Resilience, and Redemption’, by Laura Hillenbrand.

Poetry in literature is a composition of rhythm, sound, and lyrics. The definition of poetry by one of the greatest poets in history, William Wordsworth, is “the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” . ( 1 ) The poet composes poetry in sort of a song to develop emotions and imaginations in the listeners’ hearts and minds. Poetry is aesthetic. The poet chooses words carefully, so the listeners can relate themselves to it. The four main types of poetry are haiku, free verse, sonnets, and acrostic poems . An example of one of the most beautiful books of poetry is ‘Ariel’ , by Sylvia Plath.

Prose in literature is that form of literature, which is somewhat plain and simple. It has no special grammar structure or a writing pattern to follow. It is written in a usual tone, forming into a natural speech or a conversational tone. Nothing is specific in prose. Paragraphs or sentences can be long or short. Examples of prose include novels, newspapers, textbooks, etc.

Science Fiction

Science fiction, also called “sci-fi,” is a genre of literature where most of the things are imaginary. The stories are about the future technology. These fiction stories also have a relationship to real science laws, because science considers those things possible in future, according to the scientific laws. Science fictions are sometimes true and sometimes they are just imaginations based on assumptions. Some examples of science fiction are, ‘The Time Machine’ by H. G. Wells, ‘Spies in Disguise’ by Blue Sky Studios, ‘A Wrinkle in Time’ by Madeleine L’Engle, etc.

Journalistic Literature

Journalistic Literature is a sort of nonfiction. In literary journalism, the journalist gathers information and then creates and publishes. It combines the facts and reporting with some clever strategies and narrative techniques. These techniques make the reports more engaging and interesting. People call literary journalism also Narrative or New Journalism. Some of the most prominent literary journalists of past and present are Mark Singer, Richard Rhodes, Jack London, Stephen Crane, Tom Wolfe, Henry Mayhew, etc. ( 2 )

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COMMENTS

Literature
literature, a body of written works. The name has traditionally been applied to those imaginative works of poetry and prose distinguished by the intentions of their authors and the perceived aesthetic excellence of their execution. Literature may be classified according to a variety of systems, including language, national origin, historical ...
Literature Art
The relationship between the visual and literary arts has been a long-standing one, and that is what we will explore today. They have influenced one another to lead to a prevalence of literature in art and art in literature as they form a reciprocal relationship with one another. And this relationship has passed its way through the centuries to ...
Literature
Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially prose, fiction, drama, poetry, and including both print and digital writing. In recent centuries, the definition has expanded to include oral literature, also known as orature much of which has been transcribed.
Literary Arts
It is one of the most prominent literary events in the nation. The Arts Endowment has sponsored a Poetry & Prose stage annually to focus attention on some of the nation's finest literary writers—many of whom are National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellows. In 2020, the festival took place virtually due to the pandemic.
What Are the Different Genres of Literature? A Guide to 14 Literary
A Guide to 14 Literary Genres. Fiction refers to a story that comes from a writer's imagination, as opposed to one based strictly on fact or a true story. In the literary world, a work of fiction can refer to a short story, novella, and novel, which is the longest form of literary prose. Every work of fiction falls into a sub-genre, each with ...
Connecting Art & Literature
One of the most important ways that literature can be connected to the rest of the art world is through music. There are a number of different ways that music and literature can connect. First ...
The arts
Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" as "painting, sculpture, music, theater, literature, etc., considered as a group of activities done by people with skill and imagination". [1] While art refers to the way of doing or the application of human creative skills, typically in visual form, [2] the arts are the various practices formed by human ...
The Intersection of Art and Literature: Exploring the Connections
Literary References in Visual Art. Literature has also influenced visual art, with many artists drawing inspiration from literary works. For example, in the 19th-century masterpiece by Millais, the artist explores Shakespeare's Hamlet, presenting the poignant figure of Ophelia. Driven to madness after her father's murder by Hamlet, the ...
Types of Art
These different types of art encompass painting, sculpture, installation art, architecture, literature, music, cinema, and theater. The Art of Painting. Painting is one of the oldest types of art that dates as far back as tens of thousands of years and is evident at various cave sites and rock shelters across the world.
The Most Famous Art Movements and Styles
Fairly unique among different types of art movements, it is an Italian development in abstract art and literature, founded in 1909 by Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, aiming to capture the dynamism, speed and energy of the modern mechanical world. Read more about Futurism.
Different Forms of Art
Different Forms of Art. There are 3 major forms of art. These are Visual Arts, Literary Arts, and Performing Arts. 1. Visual Arts. Visual Arts use any form of media to convey the artist's feelings, ideas, and imagination. They are forms of art that are mainly visual in nature. The Visual Arts have 7 sub-classifications.
Literature
Literature - Art, Culture, Expression: Literature has an obvious kinship with the other arts. Presented, a play is drama; read, a play is literature. Most important films have been based upon written literature, usually novels, although all the great epics and most of the great plays have been filmed at some time and thus have stimulated the younger medium's growth.
Types of Art: Explanation of Major Art Forms (with Examples)
Literary Art. This is art in written form, for example, fiction and non-fiction writing. #3. The Materials Used. Materials like wood, clay, metal, or stone are used in various kinds of art. You can group art based on the type of material used. The common types of art based on materials used are: Wood Arts.
Genre
As a literary device, genre refers to a form, class, or type of literary work. The primary genres in literature are poetry, drama / play, essay, short story, and novel. The term genre is used quite often to denote literary sub-classifications or specific types of literature such as comedy, tragedy, epic poetry, thriller, science fiction ...
The 7 Different Forms of Art (A Complete Guide)
Literature. We've all come across literature in one way or another. You likely studied literature in school. It's a written art form that uses carefully crafted words to convey a message. ... But as with any other type of art, there are endless types of music. You can probably think of everything from classical music to pop, rock, and more.
Art Styles Explained
Art Nouveau was a reactionary art movement that sought to juxtapose the industrial aesthetic of late 18th-century Europe. Over time, Art Nouveau - which literally translates to "new art" - became known as an art style around the globe. Other names for Art Nouveau: Modern Style, Liberty Style, and Tiffany Style.
Different Types of Literature
The usage of language in literature differs sometimes from the way it is ordinarily used. The difference is the use of artistic tools to create aesthetic beauty in a text. Literature is the depiction of the society. It is a great tool to teach the morality to a society. Here is the detailed study about types of literature.
The arts
the arts, modes of expression that use skill or imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others.. Traditional categories within the arts include literature (including poetry, drama, story, and so on), the visual arts (painting, drawing, sculpture, etc.), the graphic arts (painting, drawing, design, and other forms expressed on flat ...
10 Art Works Inspired by Great Literature
Discover below some of the literary texts behind these enthralling works of art, and pack them for your holidays: 1. Jeff Wall, After "Invisible Man" by Ralph Ellison, the Prologue (1999-2000 ...
Welcome to the Purdue Online Writing Lab
Mission. The Purdue On-Campus Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab assist clients in their development as writers—no matter what their skill level—with on-campus consultations, online participation, and community engagement. The Purdue Writing Lab serves the Purdue, West Lafayette, campus and coordinates with local literacy initiatives.
A systematic literature review of research examining the impact of
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