writing test questions and answers

IELTS Writing Practice Tests

Practice makes perfect when it comes to IELTS Writing. Luckily, we have a huge selection of IELTS Writing practice questions for you on this site.

There are two tasks in the Writing section of IELTS: Task 1 requires you to write 150 words describing a diagram or set of data; Task 2 is a discursive essay of 250 words. You must complete both tasks in one hour and you will be give a score of 0-9 on these four attributes: Task Achievement, Coherence and Cohesion, Grammar, and Vocabulary.

Each of these IELTS writing practice questions comes with a Band 8 or 9 model answer and my explanation of how it achieves that score. Time to get started!

Full list of IELTS Writing practice questions and sample answers

Ielts writing task 1: process.

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IELTS Writing Task 1: Line Graph

Ielts writing task 1: bar chart, ielts writing task 1: diagram, ielts writing task 1: cycle, ielts writing task 1: process (extra hard), ielts writing task 1: map, ielts writing task 1: natural process, ielts writing task 1: table, ielts writing task 2: opinion essay, ielts writing task 2: argument essay, ielts writing task 2: problem/solution essay, ielts writing task 2: two-part question, ielts writing task 2: discuss both views, ielts writing task 2: positive or negative, download a practice version of the ielts writing answer sheet.

How to Write Better Test Questions (Tips With Examples)

• April 22, 2022
• in Blog , White Paper

With so many types of test questions, which should you use on your online tests?

We’ll show you how to write better test questions and when to use them. Click the bullet below to skip to that section.

• Multiple choice/answer
• Fill-in-the-blank
• Rank-and-order
• Authentic assessment

Multiple-Choice Questions

When to use multiple-choice test questions.

Multiple-choice questions are extremely versatile and can be used for practically any subject and situation, such as:

• Associating & Comparing
• Terms & Definitions
• Problem-solving
• Recalling Concepts & Information

Parts of a multiple-choice question

Tips for writing multiple-choice test questions

• “All of the above” means that a student just needs to identify two of the correct choices to get the answer right.
• “None of the above” doesn’t mean that the student knows the correct answer – just that they can recognize wrong answers.

Answers should be independent of one another, with no overlap.

Less Effective

More Effective

Small mistakes can give away the correct answer, even with no context of the subject.

Question Format

The example above includes three lines, which gives away the answer of New York City because the other options are two words or less.

Sentence and Answer Format – Titles

Even with no context of the event or the potential attendees, you can probably guess the correct answer based on the titles before the blanks and the order of the names.

For this question, a simple way to improve it is to remove the title before the blank.

Word Format – Plural and Singular

Since the company purchased 500, that inherently means that the correct answer will be plural, which excludes option A, which is written in a singular format.

Aside from using a consistent plural/singular format for each answer, you could also create answers that account for both singular and plural options: e.g., Computer(s); Webcam(s)

True-or-False Questions

When to use true-or-false test questions.

True-or-false questions may seem simplistic, but when used correctly, they can effectively test in-depth understanding of information through:

• Analyzing items and statements
• Recall of information & concepts
• Surveys & feedback
• Terms & definitions

However, writing true-or-false questions can be tricky because small word choices can change the meaning of a statement.

Tips for writing true-or-false test questions

The less effective example implies that water may sometimes include elements other than hydrogen and oxygen.

Modal Verbs

Modal verbs can help describe the possibility, ability, intent, and necessity of a main verb.

Examples of modal verb s: can, may, could, should, would.

Here’s how a modal verb can change a sentence:

• No modal: I run every day.
• With modal: I can run every day.
• The example with no modal states a fact: the person runs every day.
• The example with a modal verb states that the person is capable (can) of running every day, not that they do.

Absolute words

Similar to modal verbs, absolute words can change the meaning of a sentence entirely.

Examples of absolute words: never, always, all, must

Here’s where you have to consider if something is absolutely 100% correct or if it’s just a general statement.

• With absolute: The man never goes running.
• Without absolute: The man rarely goes running.

Which sentence is truly accurate?

Does the man literally never run, or is it just rare that he runs?

Note : Some sentences can include both modal and absolute words, which can cause confusion for the student. e.g .: The man usually never goes running.

Watch for double negatives

Double negatives make a test question confusing for anyone.

Example of a double negative used in a true-or-false statement:

• Less effective statement: The man was not unhappy that the rain stopped.
• More effective statement: The man was happy that the rain stopped.

The less effective example is confusing, right? The first negative word in that sentence is “not” and the second negative is the prefix “un.” When you combine the two negatives, “not unhappy” is canceled out and changes to a positive.

Fill-in-the-blank Questions

Fill-in-the-blank test questions provide an objective way to measure true understanding of the answer rather than recognizing the answer to a multiple-choice question when they see it.

When to use fill-in-the-blank questions

• Recalling concepts & information

Tips for writing fill-in-the-blank questions

Don’t start a statement with a blank.

Blanks should be included toward the end of the statement instead of the beginning.

Make sure the statement and answer grammatically align

Written Test Questions

Written test questions can be more time-consuming to review, but they’re an effective way to allow students to expand their thoughts and tie-in other concepts.

When to use written test questions

• Associating & comparing
• Student feedback

Tips for better written test questions

Intentionally frame your questions based on the goal

• Less effective: “Discuss the benefits of process-improvement methodologies”
• More effective: “Compare the benefits of Six Sigma and Agile to determine which methodology is the best option for a software company.”

Words to help frame the purpose of your essay question:

• Group/Classify/Categorize
• Compare and contrast
• In your own words, define
• List five ways to

Words and phrases to avoid when creating an essay question:

• Speak to/about

Use blind grading (anonymous grading) Blind grading, sometimes called anonymous grading, can help remove grading bias because students submit their tests without a name or number. You can set this up in most modern LMSes by turning on anonymous grading at the course level. Doing so will hide the students’ names before grading and automatically distribute the test score back to them.

For longer essay questions, focus on broad topics

Instead of focusing on one specific item for a longer written response, focus on larger topics. This approach allows students to demonstrate complex understanding by associating items across a broad range of topics.

Provide the same questions to all students

Instead of listing four essay questions and requiring students to answer two, just provide two questions. This approach helps consistently measure student performance and ensure fairness during grading.

Set expectations and prepare students

Good response vs poor response

Give examples of what makes a good response or poor response. What aspects should be addressed? What can make or break an answer?

Technical information

Give students context about time limits, general response length, how to get support, etc.

Detail the formatting expectations

Typed responses : Tell students what fonts should be used, which processor (Word Doc, Google Docs, etc.), what font types to use, font sizes, and line spacing.

Hand-written response s: Tell students what type of paper to use, pen color, and any other details that will help ensure that they’re on track.

Did you know you can use online proctoring for hand-written test questions?

Instructors can provide instructions to the remote proctor to allow students to use a pen and paper. You can even require that students show their work at certain intervals throughout their response.

Matching Test Questions

Matching test questions are an effective way to test knowledge in a variety of scenarios that cover a large amount of content.

• Terms and definitions
• Scenarios and responses
• Causes and effects
• Parts and functions

Layout example:

Include more answers than prompts

Using more answers than prompts removes the ability for students to answer by process of elimination.

Structure and format shouldn’t give away the answer

Avoiding this problem can be especially tricky in matching-test questions. In the example below, number two is relatively easy to guess because the answer includes the first name. Resolve by removing “female” from number two and/or removing the first names from the answers.

Prompts/answers shouldn’t be vague

In the example below, you can see that in the less effective example, the prompts are vague and most answers could apply to a few different prompts.

• Largest animal on the farm: This question comes down to a cow or a horse. But what type? That impacts the answer.
• Domesticated animal: The go-to responses are both dogs and cats, but some people consider any farm animal “domesticated.”
• Mostly carnivore: Again, the go-to responses are both dogs and cats, but pigs can also consume mostly meat.

Rank-and-Order Questions

These questions ask students to rank or order a list of items based on chronological order of dates, steps, or level of importance. They’re especially dynamic because students can respond in a few ways that combine with other question types, such as the student dragging and dropping numbers into the correct order or matching a step with the correct order.

• Chronological order of events
• Steps to complete a task
• Understanding the importance of an item

Keep questions and items on the list focused

If a student has to chronologically order 15 historical events, they may get overwhelmed before they even start.

Instead, divide the 15 events into three sets of five events.

Give context about what’s highest or lowest, first or last, best or worst, most important or least important.

• Less effective: Rank the importance of work-life balance from 1-10.
• More effective: Rank the importance of work-life balance according to the survey from the ABC Company case study. 1 is the most important ranking. 10 is the least important.

Tip: Use ranking questions as a tool to gather student feedback

You can use them to gather general course feedback or provide very specific questions based on activities.

General Rank Question

Specific-Activity Question

Authentic Assessment

Authentic assessment is becoming increasingly popular because, rather than simply recalling information, students are actually completing real-world tasks and activities that demonstrate their knowledge and expertise.

• Virtual presentations and demonstrations using a webcam
• Completing a project using industry software
• Creating a portfolio of work
• Game-based activities
• Course participation in debates and discussions
• Write a 1-2 sentence summary that identifies the key objectives of the assessment

Divide the summary sentence into separate parts

Create a list of what students should know for each section.

• Determine which authentic assessment tasks and activities students can complete to demonstrate their knowledge
• Pick which assessment activities to use and create a detailed rubric

1-2 sentence summary of key objectives of the assessment

Students will demonstrate understanding of the human skeletal system and basic knowledge of joints.

Students will demonstrate: Part 1 : Understanding of the human skeletal system Part 2 : Basic knowledge of joints

Part 1: In-depth understanding of the human skeletal system

• The name of each bone in the skeletal system

The five types of bones

Part 2: Basic knowledge of joints

• Name and an overview of each joint type
• Basic anatomy of a joint and how it works

Determine the tasks and activities students can complete to demonstrate their knowledge

Here are potential activities for Part 1 of this authentic assessment example:

Part 1: In-depth understanding of the human skeletal system The name of each bone in the skeletal system

• Video recording: Identify each bone in the skeletal system by pointing to it on an illustration or small replica of a skeleton.
• Game-based activity: Play a matching game on [website/software] of the name to the appropriate bone in the skeletal system.
• Written – short answers: Summarize each type of bone (250 words or less for each).
• Video recording: Identify the five types of bones, explain the differences, and point to three examples of each type on the skeleton illustration or small replica.

Pick the assessment activities to use and then create activity descriptions and rubrics

After you decide which activities students will complete, create detailed activity descriptions and rubrics for each portion of the assessment.

Example authentic assessment activity description

For this example, the instructor asks students to record a video of themselves identifying each bone in the skeletal system by pointing to it on an illustration or small replica of a skeleton.

Description : Use your webcam to record a video where you’ll identify each bone in the skeletal system by pointing to an unlabeled illustration or a small replica.

• To identify the bone, use a pen or pencil as your pointer. The pointer will help clearly identify the bone you are selecting.
• After you point to the specific bone, clearly state the name of the bone using its correct pronunciation.
• You will identify each bone in different sections of the skeleton, starting with the top of the skull and progressively working your way down.

The order of sections will be:

• Shoulder girdle
• Pelvic Girdle

Overall online testing tips for instructors

Keep accessibility in mind for each assessment activity.

Are there other ways students can complete each activity regardless of their disability or condition?If the assessment activity involves a spoken component, how can students with speech impairments complete it? Are all technologies in your online course compatible with assistive technology? Do the LMS, third-party platforms, and online proctoring software integrate with assistive technology?

What resources do students need to complete the activities? Can every student afford a webcam/microphone? If not, do they have access to resources on campus?

While online tests are convenient, they can also pose challenges to protecting academic integrity.

Students can use cell phones or other browsers to look up test answers, use their notes, or even have another person take the exam for them.

Online exam proctoring can help deter and prevent students from cheating by:

• Detecting cell phone use
• Identifying when test questions have been leaked on the internet
• Monitoring student behavior with video
• Verifying student ID
• Detecting voices and sounds
• Providing instructors with detailed reporting and recordings

In addition to the benefits listed above, Honorlock’s online proctoring solution combines AI software with live human proctors to protect academic integrity while still supporting students and faculty.

Our AI monitors each student’s exam session and alerts a live proctor to join the session if it detects any potential academic dishonesty.

This blend of AI and human review delivers a less intimidating and non-invasive proctored testing experience for the student because they aren’t constantly being watched.

Along with creating effective test questions, you need to make test rules and instructions that are clear and concise. Both are equally important to your students’ success and testing experience.

Here are some examples of what to do and not do when you make test rules and instructions

Explicitly state what students can and cannot do

• Don’t do: Don’t talk with your friends or family during the test.
• Do: No talking during all tests.
• In the “Don’t do” example, the student may think: “my classmate isn’t really my friend or family, so it’s okay to talk to them for help.”
• Don’t do: No other devices can be on your desk during this test.
• Do: Remove all other electronic devices from the testing room/area, such as cell phones, tablets, ereaders, computers, smart watches.
• In the “Don’t do” example, the student may think: If my cell phone is in my lap, it’s technically not on my desk.

Tell students what to expect

Provide details about time limits, number of attempts, and how to get support.

If the test is remotely proctored, explain what that means for students:

• Describe how the process works
• How they’ll verify their ID
• What they need to get set up and started (system requirements)
• What can be flagged
• How online proctoring helps them during the test

Use frequent practice tests to help reduce test anxiety

Tyler stike.

Center for Teaching

Writing good multiple choice test questions.

Constructing an Effective Stem

Constructing effective alternatives.

• Additional Guidelines for Multiple Choice Questions

Considerations for Writing Multiple Choice Items that Test Higher-order Thinking

Additional resources.

Multiple choice test questions, also known as items, can be an effective and efficient way to assess learning outcomes. Multiple choice test items have several potential advantages:

Reliability: Reliability is defined as the degree to which a test consistently measures a learning outcome. Multiple choice test items are less susceptible to guessing than true/false questions, making them a more reliable means of assessment. The reliability is enhanced when the number of MC items focused on a single learning objective is increased. In addition, the objective scoring associated with multiple choice test items frees them from problems with scorer inconsistency that can plague scoring of essay questions.

Validity: Validity is the degree to which a test measures the learning outcomes it purports to measure. Because students can typically answer a multiple choice item much more quickly than an essay question, tests based on multiple choice items can typically focus on a relatively broad representation of course material, thus increasing the validity of the assessment.

The key to taking advantage of these strengths, however, is construction of good multiple choice items.

A multiple choice item consists of a problem, known as the stem, and a list of suggested solutions, known as alternatives. The alternatives consist of one correct or best alternative, which is the answer, and incorrect or inferior alternatives, known as distractors.

1. The stem should be meaningful by itself and should present a definite problem. A stem that presents a definite problem allows a focus on the learning outcome. A stem that does not present a clear problem, however, may test students’ ability to draw inferences from vague descriptions rather serving as a more direct test of students’ achievement of the learning outcome.

2. The stem should not contain irrelevant material , which can decrease the reliability and the validity of the test scores (Haldyna and Downing 1989).

3. The stem should be negatively stated only when significant learning outcomes require it. Students often have difficulty understanding items with negative phrasing (Rodriguez 1997). If a significant learning outcome requires negative phrasing, such as identification of dangerous laboratory or clinical practices, the negative element should be emphasized with italics or capitalization.

4. The stem should be a question or a partial sentence. A question stem is preferable because it allows the student to focus on answering the question rather than holding the partial sentence in working memory and sequentially completing it with each alternative (Statman 1988). The cognitive load is increased when the stem is constructed with an initial or interior blank, so this construction should be avoided.

1. All alternatives should be plausible. The function of the incorrect alternatives is to serve as distractors,which should be selected by students who did not achieve the learning outcome but ignored by students who did achieve the learning outcome. Alternatives that are implausible don’t serve as functional distractors and thus should not be used. Common student errors provide the best source of distractors.

2. Alternatives should be stated clearly and concisely. Items that are excessively wordy assess students’ reading ability rather than their attainment of the learning objective

3. Alternatives should be mutually exclusive. Alternatives with overlapping content may be considered “trick” items by test-takers, excessive use of which can erode trust and respect for the testing process.

4. Alternatives should be homogenous in content. Alternatives that are heterogeneous in content can provide cues to student about the correct answer.

5. Alternatives should be free from clues about which response is correct. Sophisticated test-takers are alert to inadvertent clues to the correct answer, such differences in grammar, length, formatting, and language choice in the alternatives. It’s therefore important that alternatives

• have grammar consistent with the stem.
• are parallel in form.
• are similar in length.
• use similar language (e.g., all unlike textbook language or all like textbook language).

6. The alternatives “all of the above” and “none of the above” should not be used. When “all of the above” is used as an answer, test-takers who can identify more than one alternative as correct can select the correct answer even if unsure about other alternative(s). When “none of the above” is used as an alternative, test-takers who can eliminate a single option can thereby eliminate a second option. In either case, students can use partial knowledge to arrive at a correct answer.

7. The alternatives should be presented in a logical order (e.g., alphabetical or numerical) to avoid a bias toward certain positions.

8. The number of alternatives can vary among items as long as all alternatives are plausible. Plausible alternatives serve as functional distractors, which are those chosen by students that have not achieved the objective but ignored by students that have achieved the objective. There is little difference in difficulty, discrimination, and test score reliability among items containing two, three, and four distractors.

Additional Guidelines

1. Avoid complex multiple choice items , in which some or all of the alternatives consist of different combinations of options. As with “all of the above” answers, a sophisticated test-taker can use partial knowledge to achieve a correct answer.

2. Keep the specific content of items independent of one another. Savvy test-takers can use information in one question to answer another question, reducing the validity of the test.

When writing multiple choice items to test higher-order thinking, design questions that focus on higher levels of cognition as defined by Bloom’s taxonomy . A stem that presents a problem that requires application of course principles, analysis of a problem, or evaluation of alternatives is focused on higher-order thinking and thus tests students’ ability to do such thinking. In constructing multiple choice items to test higher order thinking, it can also be helpful to design problems that require multilogical thinking, where multilogical thinking is defined as “thinking that requires knowledge of more than one fact to logically and systematically apply concepts to a …problem” (Morrison and Free, 2001, page 20). Finally, designing alternatives that require a high level of discrimination can also contribute to multiple choice items that test higher-order thinking.

• Burton, Steven J., Sudweeks, Richard R., Merrill, Paul F., and Wood, Bud. How to Prepare Better Multiple Choice Test Items: Guidelines for University Faculty, 1991.
• Cheung, Derek and Bucat, Robert. How can we construct good multiple-choice items? Presented at the Science and Technology Education Conference, Hong Kong, June 20-21, 2002.
• Haladyna, Thomas M. Developing and validating multiple-choice test items, 2 nd edition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999.
• Haladyna, Thomas M. and Downing, S. M.. Validity of a taxonomy of multiple-choice item-writing rules. Applied Measurement in Education , 2(1), 51-78, 1989.
• Morrison, Susan and Free, Kathleen. Writing multiple-choice test items that promote and measure critical thinking. Journal of Nursing Education 40: 17-24, 2001.

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Writing Effective Test Questions

Writing test questions is a critically important and challenging skill. Unfortunately, few instructors have been taught how to design assessments or write test questions.

Well written tests motivate students, reinforce learning, and assess content mastery. A good test provides feedback on teaching and helps identify poorly communicated information or critical bottlenecks. Sadly, poorly written tests not only frustrate students, they can actually be a learning detriment as students may focus on the wrong content or ineffective, short-term study strategies.

As you construct your tests, consider what types of questions are most appropriate for your content. The idea is to test the students’ mastery of content, not how well they can take a test. Each type of question has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Tips on Testing

• Fairness: Content mastery should be measured in a way that does not give advantages to irrelevant factors. Test questions should reflect the learning objectives that were clearly communicated to students. Point values should be determined before the test is given.
• Accuracy: Never use a test written by someone else without checking it for accuracy. Publisher questions may save time, but they can be poorly written and answers may be incorrect. Always proofread. Even a small mistake, like misnumbering the questions, can cause big headaches when grading.
• Objectivity: No test can be truly objective. Thinking that one type of question is automatically objective and another is undoubtedly subjective is a false assumption. Bias can creep into any type of test question.
• Frequency: Frequent testing leads to better learning. The retrieval effect (aka the testing effect) means that the more often students are required to remember something, the better they know it. Frequent testing also provides multiple data sources and helps minimize the effects of an off day.
• Reliability: The more items a test has, the more reliable it is. In a short test, a few incorrect answers can have significant impact while a few incorrect answers in a long test makes minimal difference in the outcome.  
• Mixed methods: A test with a mix of types of questions minimizes student weakness with a particular method of testing.
• Instructions: Provide clear, concise written instructions. It is often helpful to provide an example of an exemplary answer.
• Accommodations: Think ahead about any accommodations you may be required to give for students with learning or physical disabilities. Consider what accommodations are reasonable. These might include giving extra time, allowing the use of tools like dictionaries or calculators, providing a separate testing location, etc.

Writing Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple choice questions are versatile because they can test factual recall as well as levels of understanding, synthesis, analysis, and application of learning. Multiple choice questions, however, are also one of the most difficult types of questions to write.

A multiple choice question is constructed from a problem or question, known as the stem, and list of suggested answer choices, known as alternatives. The alternatives include one correct or best alternative, which is the answer, and incorrect or inferior alternatives, known as distractors ( Clay, 2001 ). Since questions and alternatives can sometimes be misleading, consider having a colleague take the test before your students do.

One way to construct multiple choice questions that require deeper level of thinking is to create a scenario. Provide a description of a situation, a series of graphs or other data that would be appropriate to your discipline. Then, develop a series of questions that relate back to that material. These questions can require students to apply concepts, combine data, make a prediciton or diagnosis, analyze relationships between data or synthesize information.

Writing an Effective Stem

• The stem must be clear and unambiguous. Any vague terms, like normally, usually, possibly, may, should be avoided.
• State the stem as a direct question rather than an incomplete statement. The stem should be meaningful by itself. Avoid stems such as: Which of the following is a true statement?
• Eliminate unnecessary information or excessive verbiage in the stem.
• Include in the stem any words that are repeated in every alternative.
• All alternatives should be plausible. The purpose distractors is to assess which students have achieved the learning. Implausible alternatives do not accomplish that goal.  
• Use at least four alternatives to reduce the impact of guessing, but no more than six. Eliminate complex choices such as: “A and B” “B and C” “C if A is false” etc.
• Alternatives should be mutually exclusive . Watch out for overlapping categories like: "A.1-2” “B. 2-4” etc. If the answer is 2, which selection is correct? A or B?
• Randomly distribute the correct answer among the positions throughout the test. There are testing software programs that will do this automatically.
• Avoid use of all of the above or none of the above. If you do use them, do not make them the correct response all of the time.
• Be cautious in using negative terms in the stem or choices. If you use a negative, capitalize the word for emphasis. For example: Which of the following is NOT an indication of osteoporosis?
• Make alternatives roughly equivalent in length and in a similar format (i.e., phrases, sentences, etc.). Ensure your alternatives are free from clues for the correct answer.

Writing Effective Alternatives

Use questions which encourage evaluation of “higher order” thinking such as interpretation, analysis and synthesis, not just simple recall of medical facts ( Loo, 2017 ).

Example of a recall question of a medical fact: 

Which of the following types of cells lack functioning mitochondria?

• erythrocyte
• myocardiocyte

Example of a question that requires an explanation or interpretation:

The absence of which of the following is the most likely explanation for why a mature red block cell (RBC) is unable to carry out beta-oxidation of fatty acids?

• mitochondria
• endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• intracellular oxygen

The use of tables and figures facilitates “higher order” thinking questions ( Loo, 2017 ).

Example of a question requiring integration and synthesis:

Which of the following pulmonary function tests is most consistent with a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)?

FEV 1 = Forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = Forced vital capacity; TLC = Total lung capacity;  DL CO = Diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide

Writing Essay or Short-Answer Questions

Essay or short-answer questions are the easiest to write, but the most time consuming to grade. Use these types of questions when you want to assess the students’ ability to organize knowledge, give an opinion, or use original thinking.

• Construct the question so the approach you want students to take is clear. Words like discuss or explain are vague and open to wildly different interpretation.  
• Avoid giving a selection of questions. This reduces reliability. If students answer different questions, they are actually taking a completely different test. To score students accurately, they all must perform the same tasks.  
• Write questions which are comprehensive, rather than focusing on small units of content.
• To test the depth of background knowledge, require students to provide supporting evidence for claims and assertions.
• Communicate how you will respond to technical errors such as misspellings, grammar, etc.
• Identify the relative value of each question.

Writing True/False Questions

Due to the high probability of guessing, true/false questions are not reliable and not recommended (Case & Swanson, 2002). They are also surprisingly difficult to write because they must be phrased in absolute terms.

• Case, S. M., & Swanson, D. B. (2002). Constructing written test questions for the basic and clinical sciences. National Board of Medical Examiners. Retrieved from http://www.nbme.org/PDF/ItemWriting_2003/2003IWGwhole.pdf
• Clay, B. (2001, October). Is this a trick question? A short guide to writing effective test questions. Kansas Curriculum Center. Retrieved from https://www.k-state.edu/ksde/alp/resources/Handout-Module6.pdf
• Loo, L. (2017, February 19). Guidelines for well written MCQ (multiple-choice questions).

For more information or support contact: [email protected] .

Center for Educational Effectiveness

Writing Effective Test Questions Series

• August 16, 2018

The  Writing Effective Test Questions  resource is composed of three parts: PART 1 provides general best practices for designing exams and integrating them into your curriculum. PART 2 gives more specific suggestions and strategies for designing selected response exam questions (i.e., multiple choice items, etc.). PART 3 covers designing constructed response exam questions (i.e., short answer or essay questions). Full PDF

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What makes effective test questions and answers for assessments?

What instructors and administrators need to know

Understanding the meaning and function of summative assessment helps clarify its role within education as a critical component of bridging teaching and learning. In this post, we take a closer look at summative assessment’s qualities with the end goal of ensuring that summative assessment supports learning and informs teaching.

Choosing a balance of assessment formats that enable feedback loops and learning insights is not a light task. Let's examine different forms of assessment to help teachers make thoughtful decisions when it comes to how we evaluate our students.

Dive into the differences between test validity and reliability and how they can affect student learning outcomes and a program's overall success.

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Thoughtful test questions and answers can help create an effective assessment, one that accurately measures student knowledge. When test questions are crafted with learning objectives in mind, they help foster study habits, influence knowledge retention, and prepare students for eventual summative assessments. Furthermore, when students feel an assessment is fair and relevant, they are less likely to engage in academic misconduct.

Assessment is the intersection at which instructors can provide feedback to guide students but also where instructors gain insights into student learning . In many cases, this feedback exchange can solidify student-teacher relationships and influence learning outcomes. With effective assessments, students can feel seen and supported. And instructors have the information they need to further learning. Thoughtful decisions about test questions and formats can make a difference in this data exchange.

There are many forms of test questions, each with their own strengths when it comes to upholding learning objectives. Some types of questions are efficient and measure breadth of student knowledge whereas other types of questions offer more opportunities to gain insights into higher order thinking.

Some of the most common question types and the roles of each in the realm of assessment are:

• Multiple-choice
• Extended matching sets
• Fill-in-the-blank
• Short answer
• Long answer / essay

To that end, this blog post will cover the above question types and then dive into methodology to bolster exam design.

What sets this question type apart?

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) have the ability to test a wide swath of knowledge in a short amount of time; this characteristic, plus the fact that MCQs enable faster grading and uphold objective scoring , make them a very popular standardized exam format.

That said, there are many critics of MCQs, some going so far as to say “multiple-choice tests are not catalysts for learning” and that “they incite the bad habit of teaching to tests” (Ramirez, 2013). Multiple research articles, too, indicate multiple-choice questions may result in surface-level study habits . However, they can still be leveraged for effective assessment when utilized appropriately. Multiple-choice questions can be paired with other question types to provide a complementary assessment or they can themselves be designed to test deeper conceptual understanding.

There are examples of how this question type can be useful in testing reading comprehension and practical knowledge of learned principles. In response to criticism surrounding the inclusion of multiple-choice questions on the Uniform Bar Exam (UBE), The Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center at Touro College cites the “case file” format of a 1983 performance test in California , a multiple-choice exam paired with documents typical of a legal case file. Successful completion of this exam did not rely on rote memorization of rules. Rather, this exam used a series of multiple-choice questions to assess the application of relevant theories and practices to true-to-life scenarios presented in the mock case file.

Those considering the value of multiple-choice questions should also keep in mind any summative assessments that lie ahead for students, beyond the scope of a single course. In a recent webinar on the subject of multiple response type questions in nursing programs, Assistant Professor Cheryl Frutchey noted that many of her students at Oklahoma City University’s School of Nursing have been reporting that 70-75% of NCLEX questions are now the “select all that apply” format. In weighing the benefits of a particular question type in determining student success, field-related insights like these may help tip the scale.

A true/false question asks the exam-taker to judge a statement’s validity. Rather than calling upon powers of memorization, the exam-taker ideally demonstrates their command of verbal knowledge and a working knowledge of a given subject by converting abstract principles to a specific application .

That said, the nature of true/false questions makes it so that even when guessing, the test-taker has a fifty-percent chance of getting the correct answer.

The multiple-true-false question is an adaptation of the true-false question that incorporates (and improves upon) elements of the multiple-choice question type, requiring the test-taker to consider all answer options in relation to a given question stem. This hybrid question type differs from “select all that apply” in asking the test-taker to identify both correct and incorrect statements rather than just the “true” ones, shedding light on incorrect or incomplete understandings .

For both true/false and multiple-choice question types, opportunity for feedback is severely limited.

Particularly helpful for the usual format of clinical assessments in nursing exams, this item type provides a series of individual questions and a longer list of possible answers for the test-taker to choose from. By design, extended matching set questions prioritize an understanding of the question stems before a correct selection can be made, making it difficult to quickly eliminate incorrect answers from the list .

With an extended list of answers to accompany perhaps only a handful of question stems, this question type encourages the test-taker to process information within each question before parsing relevant answers from the provided list , emphasizing a deeper subject mastery than simple memorization can provide.

A known benefit of free response question types like fill-in-the-blank is the decreased possibility of guessing the correct answer. Since the exam-taker must provide an answer that fits contextually within the provided question stem, fill-in-the-blank questions are more likely to exercise language skills.

In a recent study composed of 134 final-year undergraduate dental students at the University of Peradeniya, 90% found fill-in-the-blank questions more challenging than the same question in multiple-choice format, and only 19% reported encountering fill-in-the-blank questions during their time in the program. By withholding answer choices that lead to quick answer recall, fill-in-the-blank questions can effectively gauge an exam-taker’s understanding. Though, as revealed above, the prevalence and/or feasibility of this item type may vary from program to program. And again, feedback is minimal with this type of question.

Short-answer questions are valuable for measuring a test-taker’s understanding of a subject beyond simple recall. Preparing for an assessment with this question type promotes study habits that reinforce comprehension over memorization , thus increasing the likelihood that the test-taker will retain this knowledge.

For example: After using ExamSoft to convert their assessment format from multiple-choice to short-answer questions, the Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell conducted a survey to measure student attitudes about the switch. Sixty-four percent of the 274 students surveyed thought that short-answer questions better equipped them for a clinical setting. By exercising abilities in critical thinking, reasoning, and communication, the free-response format of this question type allows the cultivation of skills necessary for the workplace.

Long answer or essay questions allow individual students to formulate their unique ideas and responses to demonstrate their understanding of a concept. This question is one that can most easily measure higher-order thinking and depth of knowledge, though at the same time, it may not cover a wide range of said knowledge.

Marking essay questions can be a time burden on instructors; additionally, long answers involve some measure of subjective scoring. They may also measure writing skills as well as subject-specific knowledge.

Beyond building assessments using all of these common question types, ExamSoft users can:

• Supplement individual questions with audio, video, or image attachments
• Create “hotspot” questions for exam-takers to select an area of an image as an answer
• Tag questions with categories, including learning objectives and accreditation criteria. Additionally, ExamSoft offers robust item analysis.
• Explore various question types offered by ExamSoft , such as bowtie, matrix, and drag-and-drop.

With Gradescope , instructors can:

• Accommodate a variety of question types with audio, video, or image attachments
• Utilize item analysis to measure exam design effectiveness, particularly for multiple-choice questions
• Grade question by question with answer groups and AI-assisted grading instead of student-by-student to promote more objective scoring
• Use Dynamic Rubrics to ensure students receive detailed insight into how points were awarded or deducted. Dynamic Rubrics also allow for flexibility to adjust grading criteria midstream to account for later accommodations for all students.

Examplify, ExamSoft’s test-taking application, offers several built-in exam tools for test-takers to use, including:

• Highlighter and notepad
• Programmable spreadsheet
• Scientific and graphing calculators

Gradescope accommodates a variety of assignment types and enables:

• Grading of paper-based exams, bubble sheets, and homework
• Programming assignments (graded automatically or manually)
• Creation of online assignments that students answer right on Gradescope

Assessment is a crucial part of education, no matter the subject or level. Assessments are tools to measure how much a student has learned, though with the right post-exam data, they can be so much more, including assessments themselves being a learning opportunity. But not all assessments are created equal ; a poorly written exam or exam item may skew results, giving instructors a false sense of student learning.

Effective exam items provide an accurate demonstration of what students know, and they also support fair and equitable testing. To get the most out of your assessments, it’s important to write well-constructed exam items with every student in mind and then test item efficacy.

There are two general categories of exam items: objective items and subjective items . Objective test items have a clear correct answer; item types can include multiple choice, true/false, short answer, and fill-in-the-blank items. Subjective items, on the other hand, may have a range of correct answers. Answers to subjective questions often involve persuasive/defensible arguments or present various options for in-depth discernment. Test items like these usually come in the form of long answers, essays, or performance-based evaluations.

According to the Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence and Educational Innovation at Carnegie Mellon University , “There is no single best type of exam question: the important thing is that the questions reflect your learning objectives.” It is the educator’s place to determine whether a subjective or objective test item will better align with their learning objectives.

If you want students to explain the symbolism in a literary text, subjective-based questions like short answers and essays are usually best. Objective test items are great if you want to make sure your students can recall facts or choose the best argument to support a thesis. If you want your students to match medical terms to their definitions? A matching task, which is an objective item, may be your best bet. No matter the subject, it is imperative to ensure the question types serve the intended learning objectives.

As you consider exam items, and whether you’re going to use objective or subjective items, it’s important to keep cognitive complexity in mind. Bloom’ s Taxonomy can help with planning not only curriculum but assessment . Bloom’s consists of six levels of cognitive understanding. From the lowest to highest order, these are:

As you move up the ladder from recall to creation, there is a gradual shift from objective to subjective exam items. If students are new to the concepts you’re teaching, it’s often best to focus on the initial three levels with objective items and set an appropriate knowledge foundation. As students progress through a course or program, you can start to assess the top three levels of cognition with subjective exam items to determine higher-order thinking or capability. While some courses may span testing student factual recall to synthesizing and creating their own ideas, many introductory classes may only pertain to parts of Bloom’s Taxonomy. More advanced courses, like graduate seminars, may target the higher order categories like analyze, evaluate, and create.

You might assess students’ grasp of the “remember” level with a multiple-choice question about the date of a significant period in history. Whereas testing students’ skills in “evaluation” may look like a persuasive essay prompting students to argue and support their stance on a topic with no one correct position such as interpretation of metaphors in written works.

As exam creators, we may sometimes write an item that is difficult for students to understand. After writing an item, ask yourself if the question or statement could be written more clearly. Are there double negatives? Have you used passive voice construction? Are you attempting to teach the concept in the question stem itself? Often, the more concise the item is, the better. If possible, do not use absolutes such as “never” and “always.” We’re writing questions, not riddles; it is best practice to test the students’ knowledge, not how well they read. The point is to focus on student knowledge acquisition and effectively convey the point of the question.

Avoid idioms and colloquialisms that may not be clear to international students. Questions containing regional references demonstrate bias. Also consider references that may exclude historically marginalized groups. For instance, an item that refers to a regional sport may not be as clear to these groups as a sport with international reach. Another example is the infamous critique of the SAT question referring to “regattas.” This term, which might be familiar to one certain socioeconomic group and completely unfamiliar to others, is simultaneously not a measure of aptitude.

Using psychometrics , specific and widely accepted statistical measures of exam data, you can test the reliability of your exam and items. One way to measure exam reliability through psychometrics is the item Difficulty Index, or p-value. Simply put, what percentage of exam-takers answered a specific question correctly?

If the p-value is low, the item may be too difficult. If the p-value is high, the item may be too easy. However, this data point alone is not a strong measure of reliability and should be used in context with other psychometric measures. If your difficult question has a high Discrimination Index and Point Biserial values, you can more confidently say that only the higher-order thinkers answered correctly, while the lower-performers did not. A high corresponding Point Biserial value also tells you that generally, students performing well on this item, albeit difficult, performed well on the overall exam. When psychometrics are used together, you are able to gain a solid holistic picture of item performance and whether your question was well written.

Psychometric analysis measures include:

• Difficulty (p-value)
• Discrimination Index
• Upper and Lower Difficulty Indexes
• Point Biserial Correlation Coefficient
• Kuder-Richardson Formula 20

The above strategies for writing and optimizing exam items is by no means exhaustive, but considering these as you create your exams will improve your questions immensely. By delivering assessments with a data-driven digital exam platform, instructors, exam creators, and programs can use the results of carefully created exams to improve learning outcomes, teaching strategies, retention rates, and more.

The Innovative Instructor

Pedagogy – best practices – technology.

Tips for Writing Effective Multiple Choice Questions

Writing test questions is a daunting task for many instructors. It can be challenging to come up with questions that correctly assess students on the comprehension of course objectives. Multiple choice questions are no exception; despite being very popular, instructors often struggle to create well-constructed questions.

There are some disadvantages, including the fact that this type of question can be time-consuming to construct. Multiple choice questions are made up of two parts: the stem, which identifies the question, and the alternative responses which include the correct answer as well as incorrect alternatives, known as distractors. Coming up with plausible distractors for each question can be a difficult task. And, while some higher level thinking skills can be addressed, multiple choice questions cannot measure a student’s ability to organize and express ideas.  Another thing to consider is that student success when answering multiple choice questions can be influenced by factors unrelated to the subject matter, such as reading ability, deductive reasoning, and the use of context clues.

The following guidelines are offered to help streamline the process of creating multiple choice questions as well as minimize the disadvantages of using them.

General guidelines for writing stems :

• When possible, prepare the stem as a clearly written question rather than an incomplete statement.

Poor Example:  Psychoanalysis is….

Better example:  What is the definition of psychoanalysis?  

• Eliminate excessive or irrelevant information from the stem.

Poor example:  Jane recently started a new job and can finally afford her own car, a Honda Civic, but is surprised at the high cost of gasoline. Gasoline prices are affected by:

Better example:  Which of the following are factors that affect the consumer price of gasoline?  

• Include words/phrases in the stem that would otherwise be repeated in the alternatives.

Poor example:  Which of the following statements are true? 1. Slowing population growth can prevent global warming 2. Halting deforestation can prevent global warming 3.  Increasing beef production on viable land can prevent global warming 4.  Improving energy efficiency can prevent global warming

Better example:  Which of the following techniques can be used to prevent global warming? 1. Slowing population growth 2. Halting deforestation 3. Increasing beef production on viable land 4. Improving energy efficiency  

• Avoid using negatively stated stems. If you must use them, highlight the negative word so that it is obvious to students.

Poor example:  Which of the following is not a mandatory qualification to be the president of the United States?

Better example:  Which of the following is NOT a mandatory qualification to be the president of the United States?

General guidelines for writing alternative responses :

• Make sure there is only one correct answer.
• Create distractors that are plausible to avoid students guessing the correct answer.

Poor example: Who was the third president of the United States? 1. George Washington 2. Bugs Bunny 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. Daffy Duck

Better example:  Who was the third president of the United States? 1. George Washington 2. Benjamin Franklin 3. Thomas Jefferson 4. John Adams  

• Make sure alternative responses are grammatically parallel to each other.

Poor example:  Which of the following is the best way to build muscle? 1. Sign up to run a marathon 2. Drinking lots of water 3. Exercise classes 4. Eat protein

Better example:  Which of the following is the best way to build muscle? 1. Running on a treadmill 2. Drinking lots of water 3. Lifting weights 4.  Eating lots of protein  

• When possible, list the alternative responses in a logical order (numerical, alphabetical, etc.)

Poor example:  How many ounces are in a gallon? 1. 16 2. 148 3. 4 4. 128

Better example:  How many ounces are in a gallon? 1. 4 2. 16 3. 128 4. 148

• Avoid using ‘All of the above’ or ‘None of the above’ to prevent students from using partial knowledge to arrive at the correct answer.
• Use at least four alternative responses to enhance the reliability of the test.

References:

Brame, C., (2013) Writing good multiple choice test questions. Retrieved December 14, 2016 from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/writing-good-multiple-choice-test-questions/

Burton, S. J., Sudweeks, R. R., Merrill, P.F., and Wood, B. (1991). How to Prepare Better Multiple-Choice Test Items: Guidelines for University Faculty. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Testing Services and The Department of Instructional Science.

“Multiple Choice Questions.”  The University of Texas at Austin Faculty Innovation Center , 14 Dec. 2016, https://facultyinnovate.utexas.edu/teaching/check-learning/question-types/multiple-choice .

Amy Brusini,  Blackboard Training Specialist Center for Educational Resources

Image Source: Pixabay.com

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Exam Writing Tips: How to Answer Exam Questions

This is what it all comes down to. It’s gig time.  You are sitting in the exam hall, waiting to get your hands on that anticipated piece of paper. You have jammed a tonne of information into your brain. Your fingernails are non-existent.  It’s time to get down to business!

Yes the exam environment may be different across disciplines. Computing students will sit some tests in front of a computer with their fingers poised to code. A practical element will contribute to science-student’s final grade. It doesn’t matter if you’re studying English, Economics, Psychology or History, every exam can be approached in much the same way with these exam writing tips.

We’re here to give you some help answering and writing exam questions that will show your knowledge to the person who reads your paper.

How to Answer Exam Questions

Pay attention! These quick tips should be common sense but many students who are under exam stress fail to see their mistakes. We’re going to help you avoid a major exam disaster by pointing you in the right direction.

Here’s our top exam writing tips to help you understand how to answer exam questions:

1. Practice Past Papers

There really is no better way to get exam ready than by attempting past papers. Most exam bodies should have past papers available online but your teacher will get you started on these in class.

This process isn’t just about preparing an answer for a specific question, it’s about understanding how you approach a question in an exam, how to structure your answer, the timings you should assign and what information will get marks.

If you want to create an easy way to test yourself with past papers, try the GoConqr online quiz maker:

Create Online Quizzes

Sign up to GoConqr for free and you’ll have access to the best quiz creator tool out there plus thousands of available quizzes created by teachers and students all over the world!

2. Read All Questions Carefully

The stress of the situation can cause you to misread a question, plan your answer out, start writing your response and then realise you made a mistake and wasted vital time. Even though you generally won’t be writing answers to every question on the paper, reading all questions thoroughly will ensure you make the right choices and can highlight how much you know about the topic.

Don’t forget to attempt all questions that you have selected. However, be careful of MCQ questions with negative marking. If you’re not sure of the answer you could cost yourself some valuable marks.

3. Manage Your Time

This is where you need to be strict on yourself. Once you have assigned a time limit for each question, you MUST move on once you hit it or you won’t be able to give the next question your full attention.

Remember to leave yourself some time at the end to go back over your answers and add in little notes or pieces of information about the topic. You never know, this could help bump you up a grade!

4. Structure Your Answer

Most essays should have an introduction, three main points and a conclusion. A lot of students see a conclusion as a final sentence to finish the piece off. A strong conclusion give an A grade student the chance to shine by bringing everything together and fortifying their opinion.

5. Explore Both Sides of an Argument

Building your argument in the main body of your exam answer will give your overall opinion credibility. English language questions, for example, encourage you to explore both sides of an argument and then conclude with a critical analysis of your answer.

Many questions you approach will look as though they seek a straightforward answer but in reality they want you to fully outline a structured essay. Don’t fall into the trap of providing a one-sided view, get your hands dirty and open your mind to other possibilities.

6. Review Your Answers Thoroughly

Smart students can still make the mistake of handing their answer book in without checking through what they have written. Proofread your answers as much as you can to correct any spelling mistakes and add any extra comments you think are worth mentioning.

You will be surprised what you can spot in those last few minutes. This is your last chance to throw in that quotation, list other relevant points or even draw a quick diagram . Now is not the time to drop your game, show the examiner what you’re made of!

Remember, the exams are not designed to trick you. Don’t panic on the day of your exam or this brain freeze could mean that you get a lower grade that you truly deserve. Convince yourself that you know how to answer exam questions and your almost there.

Are there any exam tips that helped you? Leave a comment below!

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Test Resources

TOEFL® Resources by Michael Goodine

Toefl® writing practice questions (2024 update), about these toefl ® writing samples, practice toefl integrated essays.

On test day, you’ll first get a TOEFL Integrated Writing Question.  You will first read an article, then listen to a lecture, and finally write an essay using details from both.  Below are some practice questions you can use to get ready for the test.

Complete Sample Questions and Responses!

These practice questions all include a reading and lecture.  They closely resemble the real TOEFL iBT.

• Colonizing Asteroids  
• Protecting Peregrine Falcons  
• Paradox of Choice  
• The Phoenicians  
• Bronze Age Collapse  
• Quick Decline Syndrome
• Living on the Moon  
• Machu Picchu
• REM Sleep (new) 
• The Cave of the Hands (new)
• Volcanic Building Materials (new)
• Moai of Easter Island (really old) 

Writing for an Academic Discussion Questions

Next, you’ll get a “Writing for an Academic Discussion” question.  This will ask you to answer a question that looks like it was posted to a university discussion group.  Each link below includes a complete sample question and two possible responses.

• Targeted Advertising
• Social Media
• Grading Students
• Taxing Unhealthy Products
• University Spending
• Economic Growth vs the Environment
• City Spending
• Corporate Impact
• Work From Home
• Online Classes
• Smart Phones
• Learning Styles
• Influencers
• Starting a Business
• Space Exploration
• Looking for the free sample questions from ETS?  They are no longer available, but there are usually some questions in the new TOEFL Test Ready page from ETS .

More Integrated Essays

These essays are all based on questions from famous books.

• Television Appearances by University Professors (ETS Official)
• Portrait of an Elderly Woman in a White Bonnet (ETS Official)
• Incan Fortress of Sacsayhuaman (casting doubt)
• Iron Fertilization (solution and problem)
• Humpback Whales (casting doubt)
• Going to Mars (Problem and Solution)
• The Usefulness of Coal (casting doubt)
• Monarch Butterflies (casting doubt)
• Large Animals (casting doubt)
• Wheat and Beer (from Princeton Review)
• Forest Fires (from Princeton Review)
• Endotherms (from “ETS Official Collection”)
• Online Encyclopedias (from “ETS Official Collection”)
• Buying a Franchise (from “ETS Official Collection”)
• Great Houses (from “ETS Official Collection”)
• Smart Cars (from “ETS Official Collection”)
• Eco-Friendly Wood (from ETS Website)
• The Chevalier (from “TOEFL Sample Test”)
• Wave Farms (from “Hackers Actual Test”)
• The Anasazi (from “Hackers Actual Test”)
• Trans Lunar Phenomena (from “Hackers Actual Test”)
• Four-day Workweek

TOEFL Writing Guides and Templates

• Complete templates for each essay task .
• A detailed master guide to the integrated essay task .
• A detailed master guide to the independent essay task .

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The Duolingo English Test Writing Section

The Duolingo English Test ® Writing Section: 12 Practice Questions and Sample Answers

Everything you need to know about the two DET writing questions

The Duolingo English Test ® Writing Section?

All right, all right, you caught me.

There is no “writing section” for the Duolingo English Test like there is for the TOEFL iBT or the IELTS.

However, there are three writing question types on the Duolingo English Test that require you to write for an extended period of time.

• Write About the Photo
• Read, Then Write
• Writing Sample

Even though you are not required to write a full essay for the Duolingo English Test, you still have to showcase your writing.

And even worse, if you follow the directions on the test, you will struggle to score higher than 120 in your production score. Yikes!

But don’t worry…

You will know exactly how to earn a high production score on test day by the end of this brief article.

We are going to take a look at 12 high-scoring sample responses for both Write About the Photo and Read, Then Write questions. On top of that, you are going to see an expert teacher’s feedback on every, single response. We will not include an example of Writing Sample since the question is pretty much exactly the same as Read, Then Write. The only difference is that the Writing Sample comes at the end of the test. That’s it!

Let’s do it!

A Brief Look at the Duolingo English Test Writing Questions

Before we dive into the sample answers, let’s take a quick step back and make sure we know what the writing questions will look like on test day.

The Write About the Photo question will present an image and provide you with 60 seconds to write about it. You will have three of these questions on the exam. The directions are always the same, “ Write one or more sentences that describe the image. ” Aim to write more . Here is an example image of this particular question type courtesy of Duolingo .

IMAGE SOURCE: Duolingo English Test Readiness, 2021

Read, Then Write and Writing Sample questions require longer responses. You can think of these questions as a mini-essays. You will have five minutes to write at least 50 words. Even though you only need to write 50 words, aim to have a response of at least 100 words. When you write more, you showcase a broader range of vocabulary and grammar, which will have a positive impact on your score.

Read, Then Write and Writing Sample questions ask for your opinion on a subject or a description of a topic. These questions may also ask you to share a past experience. Here are a couple of examples:

• Opinion (general topic) – “ Many parents will take away a child’s phone as punishment for bad behavior. Do you support or oppose this idea? Explain why. ”
• Describe (general topic) – “ Describe current technology used in schools. Which technology is most important in the classroom? Explain with details and examples. ”
• Describe (personal experience) – “ Think about someone who has encouraged you in life. How have they encouraged you? Give specific examples. ”

Don’t worry about the topic. While you may have more to say about some questions than others, the question is usually about something you can relate to and have an opinion on. Here is a list of a few of the most common topics:

• Health and wellness
• Educational styles
• Parenting styles
• Technology and the future
• Using technology
• Influential people

And in case you are wondering, here is how the question will look on the exam.

To help make your life easier (or more difficult, I’m not sure which one), I have laid out the various question types along with some sample questions, typical wording, and popular topics in this one table.

Write About the Photo: 8 Sample Questions and Answers

I know, I know, you came here for sample answers and I haven’t delivered yet!

All right, here they are. Let’s start with eight sample questions for Write About the Photo. You might also want to set a timer for 60 seconds and try to write a response for each yourself before looking at the samples.

Here we go:

Example #1:

Write one or more sentences that describe the image. You have one minute

I see an enormous yellow and brown fish being held by a man in a red shirt. The man is looking at the fish with pride. I think he has just returned from a fishing trip and wanted to take a picture with the fish he caught.

Teacher Feedback: The length of the response is good and there are no grammatical errors or typos. Some of the vocabulary is repeated, like the word “fish” and various colors. This response would be stronger with a wider vocabulary.

Example #2:

In this picture, I see a woman wearing black clothing sitting on a blanket with what appears to be bags that she made herself. I think she is trying to sell some of her bags to the man sitting in front of her.

Teacher Feedback: Good use of making an inference here with the phrase “I think”. Also, I like that the writer began with the phrase “in this picture” since it sounds natural and also provides the opportunity to include a comma.

Example #3:

There is a large group of people walking on a sidewalk in a city. In the front of the group is a mom in a green shirt, and she is walking beside her little boy. There is a teenager listening to music beside her son and a man in a green shirt beside her.

Teacher Feedback: This is a very long response, so I am impressed by the length and the lack of grammatical errors or typos. My biggest critique is that the sentences all follow the same grammatical structure “is a…”. Try to vary your grammar a bit more.

Example #4:

The men on the ice are in the middle of an exciting hockey game. The man crouched lowest to the ground is attempting to get the small puck into the goal to score a point for his team. The man with the huge white knee pads is trying to block his shot.

Teacher Feedback: This response has a lot of good vocabulary like “crouched”, “puck” and “pads”. This type of topic-specific vocabulary shows the rater that you know a wide range of words. All of the sentences here begin the same way “the man/men…”. Try to vary your grammatical structures next time.

Example #5:

The young couple is sitting on a park bench drinking wine. The young woman in a red scarf has a huge smile on her face because she is in love with the man with brown hair. After they drink wine, they will stroll around the park hand in hand.

Teacher Feedback: The length is excellent. Clearly, this student is a fast typer. I noticed a tiny typo, a missing comma after the phrase “After they drink wine…”, but besides that, this is a strong response.

Example #6:

The man has on a white shirt, a backward hat, and sunglasses. I think he is the clown of the group because he has a funny grin on his face while he is trying to take a group picture. I think those are his friends and he is very well-liked.

Teacher Feedback: I really like the way the writer started this response, with a descriptive list. It afforded the opportunity to use commas and show a range of grammatical capabilities. The second sentence as well includes two clauses, showing the rater that the student can craft more complicated sentences. Well done.

Example #7:

The man in the dark blue shorts is running beside a woman dressed in black on a city street. I see that there are palm trees, so they must be in a place where it is hot, like Florida or California. They will take showers and rest after their workout.

Teacher Feedback: I love the second sentence of this response, which includes a comma and two clauses. It sounds natural and contains no grammatical errors or typos. Excellent example.

Example #8:

In this picture, I see two people running on an empty street. They are training for a race, and I think they are enjoying the scenery while they are running. Behind them, there is a beautiful mountain range and a lovely lake.

Teacher Feedback: The response is strong overall. The writer used good descriptive phrases like “beautiful mountain range” and “lovely lake”, which is much better than just stating, “Behind them, there is a mountain and a lake”.

One extra note before I move on to the next question type:

All of these answers are long.

Do not worry if you can not write this much in 60 seconds. These are examples of the ideal amount to write. Rest assured, you can still score well while writing less.

Read, Then Write: 4 Sample Questions and Answers

Are you tired of writing yet? Or are you hungry for more?

More? Really?

You got it.

A few examples of high-scoring sample answers for the Read, Then Write questions on the Duolingo English Test are coming right up.

Respond to the question in at least 50 words.

“Choose one of the following inventions: the car, the telephone, or the microwave. Explain some of the ways it has changed people’s lives.”

Nowadays, most people agree that the telephone has had a tremendous impact on our lives. First of all, phones have evolved over time, and now almost every person on Earth carries one wherever they go. I still remember when I worked in an office in Osaka and they gave me a company phone. I had to be available all day, everyday. One day I went to the movie theater with my girlfriend at the time and the phone rang right in the middle of the film. I did not want to get fired, so I had to take the call and ruin the movie for everyone in the theater. I felt like a dog on a leash, so I quit. Unfortunately, I have had other jobs where I also had to carry a phone with me at all times. While the car and microwave have impacted our world today, no other invention can quite match the massive effect the telephone has had on our lives. (165 words)

Teacher Feedback: This response is excellent. Even though the directions ask for at least 50 words, this test taker wrote much more. One of the ways he was able to do that was through a personal example. The story about working in Osaka fit perfectly for this particular question.

“Describe your favorite teacher. What qualities did you respect most?”

Over the years, I have attended many classes and had different types of teachers. One teacher who stands out in my mind as the best teacher I have ever had was my high school history teacher. He was extremely compassionate and would hold study sessions before tests to help students who may have been struggling during a unit. His lectures were engaging, and he kept the students gripped with intrigue as he taught. Furthermore, he always made sure that there were hands-on projects to help us further understand the material. I remember one time we were learning about the House of Representatives and the Senate, so he turned the classroom into Congress to help us understand how it worked. I still think about that project every time I hear about politics in America today. He was so dedicated to making sure his students found success. (145 words)

Teacher Feedback: I really like the first two sentences of this sample response. The introduction begins on a general note and the second sentence narrows the topic down. There are also a few good examples of appropriate colloquial phrases like “stands out in my mind” and “gripped with intrigue”. This student displayed an advanced level of lexical and grammatical knowledge in this short text.

“Your local government has decided to improve their community. Do you think they should build a public park, a public library, or a public pool? Provide specific reasons for your opinion.”

Building a public park, library, or school is an important decision for any local government. I believe it is best for the community to build a public park because it can benefit the most people. I remember when I was a kid I went to the Valley Stream State Park almost every day. It was just a five-minute bike ride from my house and it had basketball nets, handball courts, and a huge open field. We used the entire area and played different games depending on our mood and the number of kids. There were also a bunch of older people who used the exercise equipment or jogged around the track. As you can see, building a public park would be the best way to improve the living standard of any community. (131 words)

Teacher Feedback: This response is a good length and contains no grammatical errors or typos, which is rare in a writing response. The author also included a personal example that was relevant to the topic, expanded on the writer’s opinion, and provided the opportunity to include more context-specific vocabulary like “basketball nets” and “handball courts”.

“Imagine that your school requires you to join a club. Would you join an athletic club, academic club, or volunteer group? Explain why.”

If my school required me to join a club and I had the option to choose between an athletic club, an academic club, or a volunteer group, I would choose to be part of an athletic club. Being part of a team has many different benefits. First, it would give me the opportunity to be part of a group and learn how to collaborate with others. Second, I think that it is important for people to learn to manage their time and become a member of a team. I remember when I was on the soccer team in high school and all of my teammates expected me to be at every practice and every game. There was no way to skip out with a bunch of phony excuses, I had to show up no matter what, which helped me later in life to balance work and play. Another reason why I would opt for an athletic club is because it would allow me to move my body and keep active so I can maintain a healthy lifestyle. While there may be arguments for each of these options, I think that I would benefit the most from being part of an athletic club. (202 words)

Teacher Feedback: The first thing I notice is that this response is over 200 words. Well done! Of course, you do not have to write this much and you should not if it hurts your grammatical accuracy, but the length is a helpful factor in boosting your overall score. For this particular student, there were no typos or grammatical mistakes. The writing is clear, well structured, and stays on topic. Well done!

DET Writing Section Summary

You know by now that the Duolingo English Test does not have a writing section, but it does have a couple of specific questions that require you to write.

Besides learning about the questions, you have also read a few examples of high-scoring responses so you know exactly what to do on the day of the exam.

Now it is time for you to actually practice writing your own responses. Use the grading rubric tables below to help you start and check your own writing today. Sign up for your free account with more example questions and answers.

Cue the applause.

Seriously, there are a million other things you could be doing besides preparing for the DET, so be proud of yourself and keep it up.

Don’t forget to sign up for your free account today at TST Prep and gain access to over 400 additional free practice questions for the Duolingo English Test.

Thanks again for reading and drop a comment below if you have any follow-up questions.

Keep studying 🙂

Other articles

Your Beginner’s Guide to the Duolingo English Test ®

Duolingo English Test ® vs. the TOEFL iBT ®

The Duolingo English Practice Test with Answers

Check other articles on the Duolingo English Test ®

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Duolingo English Test Writing Guide

This article will help you with everything you need to prepare for the writing section of the Duolingo English Test . You will also find samples questions and answers for the DET.

What is the Duolingo English Test?

General tips for taking the det, what are the different writing question types on the det, common question types for writing sample, production scoring criteria, 8 ways to improve your writing skills for the det, tips and examples for each writing question type, examples of answers for the writing samples section, additional faqs on the duolingo english test writing questions.

First offered in 2016, the Duolingo English Test is a digital English language proficiency test that helps students certify their English level while applying for various purposes such as higher studies.

Like its counterparts, the Duolingo English Test focuses on four areas of a language: reading, Listening, Writing, and Speaking.  Over 3,000 educational institutions presently accept the Duolingo English Test in over 50 countries. 

To understand more about the Exam Format for the DET, check out our detailed  Duolingo English Test Exam Pattern .

• Take a walkthrough of the Duolingo Test.
• Find English-speaking online groups and forums and spend some time penning brief comments and replies every day.
• Choose one topic every day that interests you — laughing, loneliness, shopping, reading, and the likes – and write about it for 15 minutes.
• Become more familiar with Computer Adaptive Test .
• Get to know the Duolingo English Test question types.
• Best Duolingo English Test Tips and Tricks
• Duolingo English Test Preparation Guide

The writing question types can be found both under the Adaptive and Writing Sample sections of the DET. 

• Duolingo English Test Question Types

1. Writing About the Photo (Adaptive Questions) 

You will find this question type under the Adaptive Questions . Here, you will be asked to describe the image presented in one or more sentences in response to this question.

2. Read and Write (Adaptive Questions) 

This is another question type under Adaptive Questions.

Here, you will be given a written prompt to respond in at least 50 words. You will not have a choice in terms of the prompt they get.

• Write about a topic: to make an argument.
• Write about a topic: to describe, discuss, or explain.
• Write about a topic: to recount past experiences.

3. Writing Sample

Writing Sample is the last section of the Duolingo English Test. In the final part of the test, candidates will have 3-5 minutes to respond to two written prompts. They will be required to write extensively on one of the two themes. Candidates will have 30 seconds to pick between the two themes on which they will be writing.

The system does not grade this section of the test. However, the Duolingo English Test will share your written response and video recording to the institution to receive your score. 

You will have 3-5 minutes to respond to two written prompts. You will be required to write extensively on one of the two themes. You will have 30 seconds to pick between the two themes on which they will be writing.

We have collated some topics that may help you in the Duolingo English test, according to the Duolingo essay list.

Practice on these questions and time yourself based on any of the writing question types.

1. Argumentative

• These days new technology is increasingly being used to teach students. What are the advantages of this new approach? 
• Many significant buildings are being destroyed or replaced. What are the reasons for this?
• Some people argue that teenagers have lost moral values. What is your opinion?
• Public transport helps save money and curbs pollution over the private vehicle. What do you prefer and why?
• Some people claim that the government should spend money on Space research, while others say that the government should build hospitals. Which argument do you support?
• Having a good university degree is essential in finding a job. Do you agree?
• Some people say that with the development of the Internet, Radio has no future. Do you agree?

2. Descriptive

• Describe a time when you were delighted. What happened?
• Describe the house in which you live?
• Describe the neighborhood where you live?
• Describe a time when someone cheated on you.
• Describe your daily exercise routine.
• Describe a time when you traveled somewhere.
• How do you travel to your work/study? Describe your vehicle.
• Describe a skill that you want to learn.
• Describe your favorite actor. Why is he your favorite?
• Write about your dream job. Why do you want this job?
• Write down about your best friend. How long have you known him?
• What is your favorite dish? How is it prepared?
• Write about your favorite book.

For questions such as Write About the Photo and Read and Write are open-ended questions graded. Like professional human raters, the grading engine uses an algorithmic system to comprehend and evaluate a candidate’s English Proficiency . 

The following are some of the factors that the engine will consider:

• Grammatical accuracy and complexity.
• Sophistication with your word choices.
• Ability to answer fluently and elaborately.
• Check out this guide from Duolingo about Subscores: Improving how we report Duolingo English Test results
• To understand more about how the scores work, check out our detailed  Duolingo English Test Scoring Guide .

Learning a range of writing techniques isn’t as challenging as you would imagine.

We’ve put up a checklist to help you make significant changes to the quality of your writing in a short amount of time.

• Read. Read. Read: Reading high-level content, such as foreign publications and newspapers, and consistently practicing writing will help you improve your talents.
• Become familiar with the format of an essay: The Duolingo English Test requires you to write an essay. You should be well-versed in the response format. Consider the options and structure you’re writing. Make your response in paragraphs. This will not only show the examiner how effectively you order your ideas, but it will also make your essays more interesting. Don’t forget to pay attention to the Duolingo English Test writing format, including the introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Practice on the sample topics: You must practice thoroughly to boost your confidence during the exam. Make the most of these tests by answering a variety of practice questions. Make an effort to finish your work within the allotted time and word count. Practice. Practice. Practice.
• Create grammatically accurate statements: Most test-takers frequently fail to construct grammatically correct phrases in the exam. You should create grammatically correct sentences in the Duolingo English Test since it makes a significant difference in writing and speaking. After viewing your grammatically perfect phrases, the system will consider you who knows enough about grammar and connective terms. Make sure you don’t mix up single and plural nouns. If the question needs to be plural, you must also respond in the plural form.
• Choose your words carefully: In writing, avoid repetition of terms and utilize correct language. Some candidates want to use high-level vocabulary and compose lengthy phrases to demonstrate their command of the English language. You may accomplish this if you are fluent in English and have a broad understanding of the language.
• Make sure you’re not missing any words: Most test takers must complete the Read, then Write task in 5 minutes with 50 or more words, while Write about a Photo is 1 minute to complete using 50 words. Hence, you should thoroughly practice the Duolingo English sample tests to understand the word limits.
• When writing, maintain a formal tone: Instead of writing casually, use a formal manner. Duolingo English Test also advises that you should write in a standard style to get a better score. 
• Manage your time wisely: Managing your time is critical in the Duolingo English writing tests. You should practice thoroughly to see how long it takes you to complete the tasks. You will improve and be better at managing your time. As a result, the time restriction will put you under less stress throughout the exam.

Some students wonder if the Duolingo English test is difficult . The answer is that if you plan carefully, it will be simple. The DET assesses your ability to communicate in English in the real world. You must study extensively to achieve the highest possible score and gain admission to the university. 

The steps below may assist you in preparing for the exam:

1. Describe the Photo

This question type ( Write about the photo ) will appear three times on the test. Thus, it is important that you prepare for it.

Understanding this Question Type (Describe the Photo)

• You will have this question three times. 
• You have 60 seconds to write your answer.
• You must write at least one sentence (but more is better).
• It contributes to your production and literacy subscores.

How To Write the Answer To This Task?

I) add introductory statements.

Memorize these statements and practice typing them out quickly. Use viable S entence starters such as:

• “This is a picture of…”
• “This picture shows…”
• “This image depicts…”
• “In this photograph, there is/are…”

Sample Answers: 

• “This picture shows a devastating missile attack – the target was totally obliterated.”
• “In this photograph, it is shattered into pieces by a powerful missile strike.”

ii) Be Descriptive

Here’s how to be more descriptive about the image.

• Write about the actions of the person or main subject in the picture. Use precise verbs and adverbs .
• Describe the subject or object using adjectives . Avoid the most common ones. 
• Write about the location of the subject in the picture. Make use of prepositional phrases.

Sample Answer:

iii) Make A Guess Or Prediction

How can you do this? You can have an intelligent guess by referring to the clues surrounding the subject. You may use modal verbs such as might, could, must, may, etc. Use Sentence Starters, such as:

iv) Leave Time To Check For Errors

Always allot a time for you to go over what you have written. Don’t forget to scan and proofread your work.

A Model Answer for this Question Type:

“This image shows a devastating missile strike – the target was totally obliterated . The powerful collision completely shattered the aircraft into pieces, and it seemed no one survived the fatal incident above the sky. “

2. Write About A Topic (Argument)

This question type ( Write about a topic ) will appear on the test once.

Understanding this Question Type (Write About a Topic)

• You must write your answer in five minutes.
• Minimum 50 words (or more is better).
• It contributes to your production and literacy scores

This is an example of making an argument. (See image below)

i) Answer The Questions Fully

For your writing question, you’ll have to choose between three different writing styles: describe, recount, or make an argument .

It is important that you can recognize the type of writing that you have to do. 

ii) Organize Your Answer Using Pee Method

PEE stands for Point, Evidence, and Evaluation.

• Point (Topic): Discuss what your point exactly is. Make your point or argument as clear and concise as possible, and keep in mind that it must be related to the job or issue. It is the first sentence of a paragraph. It shows the reader what the paragraph is about. You will also have to state your opinion or position.
• Evidence (Supporting Sentence):  This is where you show how you can back up your claim by citing a passage from the text. You can’t just make a point without backing it up, and in an essay, this piece of proof is almost always a quotation.
• Evaluation/Explanation (Concluding Sentence):  This is the conclusion of the argument. You describe how your evidence backs up your claim. Avoid iterations once more.

iii) Additional Tips and Tricks in Making an Argument

Here are some pointers to remember in making an argument:

• The argument uses a timeless present tense. When making forecasts, the tense may shift to the future.
• For impact, the writer purposefully repeats words, ideas, and concepts.
• The use of verbs is common when expressing opinions.
• Commonly uses strong, effective adjectives .
• It uses thought-provoking questions or rhetorical questions .
• A closing statement typically includes techniques and examples that show and demonstrate the results of an argument.

Sample Question: (Argumentative)

Let’s take a look at these sample questions:

Decide on the point of view and come up with reasons to support it.

First and foremost, you must pick one of the two options presented to you. You must select one of the following viewpoints for the job above:

Center for business research

Center for research in agriculture (farming)

Then you must come up with reasons in support of your selected viewpoint. Let’s look at some supporting evidence for each of the offered viewpoints:

• improves your understanding of changing community demands.
• assist in the creation and refining of programs.
• uses measure program outcomes and keep track of resources.
• encourage learning inside the organization.
• discover procedures that will increase livestock and crop yields.
• improve farmland productivity.
• reduce loss due to disease and insects.
• increase overall food quality.

How To Write the Answer To This Task (Write About a Topic)?

For the sample response, we’ll use the second opinion.

Introduction 

Respond to the following statement (sentence 1) with your viewpoint (sentence 2):

Body Paragraphs

In a separate paragraph, describe each argument that you used to support your position. There should be a body in your article. Make sure to use linking words, vocabulary.

In the last paragraph, recap everything you’ve written and reiterate your point of view:

An Example of A Model Answer: 

3. write about a topic (recount).

This question type can be found under the Writing Sample section of the DET.

• This question will appear on the test once.
• You must write your answers in five minutes.
• It contributes to your production and literacy scores.

Understanding This Question Type

i) Answer the questions fully

For your writing question, you’ll have to choose between three different writing styles: describe, recount, or make an argument.

It is important that you can recognize the type of writing that you have to do. This is an example of making an argument.  

ii) How can you say that this is a recount?

The goal of a recount is to remind of an event or experience for their knowledge or delight. It varies from a narrative in that the events are presented in chronological sequence rather than altered for maximum effect or drama.

iii) Organize your answer 

• Topic Sentence:  It provides readers with the necessary background information to comprehend the content, such as who was involved, where it occurred, and when it occurred.
• Supporting Ideas:  A description of a sequence of events that occurred in the past. 
• Concluding Sentence:  A personal remark regarding the incident or the final outcome.

iv) Additional Tips and Tricks for Writing a Recount

Here are some pointers to remember in writing a recount:

• written in the past tense.
• frequently uses words that relate to occurrences in time.
• because recollections explain events, verbs (action words) and adverbs are commonly used (which describe or add more detail to verbs)
• uses personal pronouns are used (I, we).

How To Write Your Answer To This Task?

For the sample response, we’ll use quick planning.

i) Sample Planning

• Write about my experience
• Country: Philippines
• Things I learned: They were not afraid to portray social issues and demonstrate their resilience.
• Examples to back up ideas
• Topic sentence, supporting sentences, conclusion

ii) Topic Sentence 

This introduces the reader to the topic of the recount in this initial section, which includes any essential background information and context.

iii) Supporting Ideas

The first section gives you background information, while the second part focuses on recounting the series of events.

iv) Conclusion

This part also allows you to consider the more significant historical importance of the events you have recounted earlier in the recall.

4. Write About A Topic (Describe)

Understanding this question type.

• You will get this question once on the test
• You have 5 minutes to write your answer
• You must write at least 50 words (but more is better)
• It contributes towards your production and literacy subscores

It is important that you can recognize the writing that you have to do. This is an example of making an argument.  

In the Duolingo English Test, the purpose of this writing is to describe and classify information without any personal opinion from you. Your primary goal is to discuss the topic focusing on the 

i) Organize your answer 

• Topic Sentence: It provides readers with the necessary background information to comprehend the content, such as who was involved, where it occurred, and when it happened.
• Supporting Ideas: A description of a sequence of events that occurred in the past.
• Concluding Sentence: This is where a personal remark regarding the incident or the outcome.

ii) Tips and Tricks in Writing to Describe

Here are some pointers to remember in writing to describe:

• Nouns and noun phrases replace personal pronouns. Use Personal pronouns sparingly.
• Uses present tense in the majority of reports
• To provide consistency, linking verbs like as is, are, has, have, and belong to are employed.
• Some action verbs are used (climb, eat).
• Color, form, size, bodily parts, habits, behaviors, functions, and purposes are examples of descriptive language that is real rather than creative.

iii) Sample Question: (Describe)

i) Topic Sentence 

Ii) supporting ideas.

This is the part where you will prove your claim or support your topic sentence. It has to be important, noteworthy, and relevant.

iii) Conclusion

Your conclusion must leave your readers to think about it and summarize your topic matters.

An Example of A Model Answer

Here are some sample writing outputs that can serve as your model in producing your own. Don’t forget to time yourself as you practice.

1. What Would You Do Otherwise Than Your Parents In Raising Your Children If You Had Children?

2. what role do automobiles and aircraft have in modern life explain, 3. describe the geography of the country where you currently live. how does the geography of the country affect its people and its culture, how difficult are the questions asked in the duolingo english test.

It depends. Due to its adaptive nature, the system randomizes the order of the questions.

The difficulty depends on the candidate’s performance.

Is The Writing Sample On The Duolingo English Test Graded?

No, the system does not grade this section.

It is part of the video interview and writing sample that the Duolingo English Test will share with your prospective institution.

It is not marked, but you have to showcase yourself well, even in this part.

Are Duolingo English Test Practice Papers Useful?

Taking the Duolingo English Test practice papers will assist you in understanding the kind of questions presented in the original test, thereby familiarizing you with the type, complexity, and amount of questions you may encounter on the Duolingo English Test 2021. 

What Are The Types Of Questions On The Duolingo English Test?

A Duolingo English Test includes questions from the four English proficiency test components: reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

Adaptive Test & Video Interview and Writing are the two major areas in which multiple-choice questions are asked in the test.

Additional Reading — Duolingo English Test Test Guide

• Duolingo English Test Complete Guide
• Duolingo English Test Scoring Guide
• Duolingo English Test Reading Guide
• Duolingo English Test Speaking Section Guide
• Duolingo English Test Listening Section Guide

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Build Your Study Plan

So you've got an SAT or PSAT-related assessment coming up, and it's time to start studying. What do you do now? We recommend creating a study plan to keep you on track. This page will give you the tools to create one of your own.

Set Your Goals

If you're just getting started:.

The most important thing you can do is understand your own strengths and challenge areas. Knowing this information will help you identify the areas where you could use the most skill review. There are a few ways to check your knowledge:

• Bluebook™ practice test: This is the best and most accurate way to ensure you're measuring your knowledge of the skills on the actual test. It's also a valuable introduction to the Bluebook testing app, which you'll use both for practice tests and on test day. Plus, when you practice in Bluebook, your practice scores will be available in My Practice, where you'll find helpful information about your performance on different content areas so you can target your practice more effectively.
• Khan Academy ® diagnostic: For a skill check outside of Bluebook, take Khan Academy's SAT Course Challenge for both the Reading and Writing Test and the Math Test . These challenges will give you a snapshot of your performance on different content areas, which you can use to decide what you want to study.
• In-school test review: You may know the areas where you need to study just from the tests you've already taken in school. Review your old tests from your math classes and your English or language arts classes and see if you notice any skill gaps you can boost. If you're feeling stuck, check out our page with more information about what different questions look like on the test to help you identify the skills you need to work on. This method will help you start studying right away so you can be more prepared when you take the diagnostic or practice test.

If you've already taken a practice test or an assessment in the SAT Suite:

You're off to a great start! Your results from a previous practice test or assessment are the most helpful tool to create your study plan. Keep your practice scores in My Practice or your official score report from your assessment handy, and check out these study activities to put your results to use:

• Skill Booster
• Question Bank Review
• Khan Academy Review

Once you feel like you've boosted your challenge areas, take another practice test and see how you've improved. We recommend spacing your practice tests out by at least two weeks if your study schedule allows.

Choose Your Study Activities

When you're creating a study plan, it's important to consider how much time you can spend studying each day. These activities will help you build a plan that works for you. This list isn't meant to set a particular order for your practice, so feel free to pick and choose the activities that fit your schedule.

Quick Study Activities (15 minutes or less)

Get to Know Bluebook: Did you know that research shows your brain is more likely to remember information when you're in a familiar environment? While you may not be able to study in your actual testing room, familiarizing yourself with our Bluebook digital testing app is the next best thing. Use Bluebook's Test Preview feature to get acquainted with all its helpful tools, including a highlighter, an option eliminator, a line reader, an annotation tool, and a flag to mark questions for review that you want to come back to at the end of the test.

Moderate Study Activities (15 minutes to an hour)

Khan Academy Review: By taking time to study key skills, you can build your knowledge and better prepare yourself to see an improvement in your score when you try a practice test. Official Digital SAT Prep on Khan Academy is a great way to review the skills you need to succeed on the SAT Suite of Assessments. Their courses have short lessons, videos, and example problems that are the right length for a moderate study session.

Skill Booster: You can complete this activity with your old tests or practice tests in the SAT Suite of Assessments, or use tests and quizzes you've taken throughout the school year. Instead of just checking the correct answers, go back and try to determine why you missed a particular question. Did you misread the question or not understand what it was asking? Were you confused by an answer choice that wasn't quite right? Could you use a review of the skills related to that question? You may want to take notes on your findings so you can spot patterns and review any related skills later. Learning from your mistakes will help you build your test-taking skills as well as your learning and studying strategies.

Create an Explanation: When you can explain a concept in a way that makes sense to you, you're more likely to recall it later. Put this memory trick to use by rewriting answer explanations from any of our practice resources in your own words. Make connections to things you enjoy or people in your life. For instance, maybe it's easier to understand a problem using the distance formula if you imagine traveling to another city to see your favorite artist in concert, or it's easier to remember the rules about serial commas and semicolons if you make a list of the players on your favorite sports team and their positions. Get creative!

Extended Study Activity (More than an hour)

Full-length Practice Test in Bluebook: If you're looking for an experience that's as close to test day as possible, try a full-length practice test in Bluebook. To access the practice tests, go to Practice and Prepare on the Bluebook homepage and select Full-Length Practice . Taking a full-length practice test builds your endurance and comfort level with the test itself. It also gives you a chance to practice the skills and question types you're likely to see on the real test. We recommend taking a practice test at least two weeks before test day (if possible) so you can use the remaining time to sharpen your skills. Once you've had a chance to review your score in My Practice, the other study activities listed here can help you focus on any challenge areas. If you're ahead of the game with more than a month to go until test day, you can even space your practice tests out to track your progress over time. Tip: If you don't have time to take a full-length test in Bluebook in one sitting, you can pause the practice test and come back to it on another day. Unfinished practice tests are stored in Bluebook for up to 90 days.

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Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples and Topics

Precis writing is an invaluable skill that demands a keen understanding of a passage’s core ideas and the ability to condense them into a concise form. In this article, we’ll explore common questions related to precis writing, providing detailed answers, examples, and relevant topics to help you master this essential skill.

Understanding Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples and Topics

Precis writing involves summarizing a given passage while maintaining its key ideas and essence. It requires precision, clarity, and an adept grasp of language. Let’s delve into some frequently asked questions about precis writing.

What is Precis Writing?

Precis writing is a concise summary or shortened version of a text , maintaining its essence while condensing its main points. It involves extracting essential information, restructuring sentences, and ensuring clarity without losing the original meaning. The goal is to present a brief yet comprehensive rendition of the original material.

Why is Precis Writing Important?

Precis writing enhances communication skills, promotes clarity, and is widely used in academia, professional settings, and competitive exams.

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5 Important Rules for Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples and Topics

Understand the Passage Thoroughly: Read the given text multiple times to grasp its main ideas, key arguments, and nuances.

Identify Key Elements: Focus on the central theme, main points, and supporting details that convey the author’s message.

Maintain Clarity and Conciseness: Express the essence of the passage in your own words, ensuring clarity without losing the original meaning.

Craft a Coherent Structure: Follow a logical sequence, including an introduction, body, and conclusion, mirroring the original composition.

Use Precise Language: Choose words judiciously, avoiding unnecessary details while capturing the essential elements.

Global supply chains face unprecedented challenges, ranging from disruptions due to the pandemic to geopolitical tensions. The reliance on interconnected systems highlights vulnerabilities, prompting a reassessment of supply chain resilience. Businesses grapple with issues like demand variability, logistics bottlenecks, and the need for sustainable practices. The ongoing transformation underscores the importance of agile supply chain strategies, digital innovations, and a holistic approach to mitigate risks and build a more resilient global economy.

Global supply chains face challenges like pandemic disruptions and geopolitical tensions, highlighting vulnerabilities in interconnected systems. Businesses face demand variability, logistics bottlenecks, and sustainable practices. Agile strategies, digital innovations, and holistic approaches are crucial for mitigating risks and building a resilient global economy.

Format of a good Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples and Topics

• Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the central theme of the original passage.

Introduction:

• Begin with a sentence that encapsulates the main idea and introduces the author and context.
• Include essential details like the author’s name, title of the passage, and publication source.
• Analyze the passage and extract its essential points.
• Condense each major point into a clear, well-structured sentence.
• Preserve the logical order and emphasis of the original passage.

Conclusion:

• Summarize the overall message or argument of the passage.
• Conclude with a sentence that reinforces the importance or impact of the author’s ideas.

Word Limit:

• Keep the precis within the specified word limit, typically one-third of the original passage’s length.

Clarity and Coherence:

• Ensure each sentence flows logically from the preceding one.
• Use straightforward language to maintain clarity.

Avoid Personal Opinions:

• Refrain from inserting personal opinions or interpretations into the precis.

Original Tone:

• Capture the original tone and style of the author to maintain the passage’s integrity.

Example to verify the above points:

The surge in online learning has reshaped the educational landscape, accelerated by global events that necessitated remote alternatives. Virtual classrooms offer flexibility, accessibility, and diverse learning resources. However, challenges such as the digital divide and the need for robust online pedagogy persist. The ongoing debate about the efficacy of online learning underscores the importance of adapting traditional educational models to the digital era. Balancing technological advancements with inclusive practices remains essential in providing quality education for diverse learners

Title: “Transformative Impact of Online Learning”

“The surge in online learning, accelerated by global events necessitating remote alternatives, has reshaped the educational landscape. This phenomenon has given rise to virtual classrooms, offering flexibility, accessibility, and diverse learning resources.”

• Online learning is reshaping education, emphasizing flexibility and diverse resources.
• Challenges such as the digital divide and the need for robust online pedagogy persist in the evolving landscape.
• Despite these challenges, virtual classrooms provide essential flexibility, accessibility, and diverse learning resources.
• The ongoing debate about the efficacy of online learning highlights the need to adapt traditional educational models to the digital era.
• Balancing technological advancements with inclusive practices is deemed essential in providing quality education for diverse learners.

In conclusion, the revolutionary influence of online learning, despite overcoming challenges, highlights the need to adjust traditional models.. Balancing technology with inclusivity is crucial for delivering quality education in this digital era.”

Precis Word Count: 108 words (within the acceptable range).

The precis maintains clarity and coherence, ensuring each point logically progresses from the introduction to the conclusion.

The precis refrains from incorporating personal opinions, presenting the ideas objectively.

The tone of the original passage, emphasizing the transformative impact of online learning, is faithfully captured in the precis.

Length of Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples in Different Exams

The acceptable length of a precis can vary depending on the specific exam or guidelines provided. Generally, the length of a precis is specified in terms of words or a percentage of the original text’s length.

For instance:

• In some exams or academic settings, a precis might be required to be one-third (1/3) or one-fourth (1/4) of the original passage’s length. If the original passage is 300 words, the precis should be around 100-150 words.
• Other exams might specify an exact word count for the precis, such as 100 words, 150 words, or any other specific count.

It’s essential to carefully follow the instructions in the exam or assignment guidelines regarding the required length of the precis. Exceeding or falling short of the specified word count might lead to penalties or a lower assessment score.

5 Dos & Don’ts in Precis Writing Questions Answers with Examples and Topics

Dos in precis writing:, understand the passage thoroughly:.

• Do: Read the given text multiple times to grasp its main ideas and nuances.

Identify Key Elements :

• Do: Focus on the central theme, main points, and supporting details to capture the essence.

Maintain Clarity and Conciseness:

• Do: Express the ideas in clear, concise language, avoiding unnecessary details while preserving the original meaning.

Craft a Coherent Structure:

• Do: Organize your precis with a logical structure, including an introduction, body, and conclusion that mirror the original flow.

Use Precise Language:

• Do: Choose words judiciously for clarity and brevity, ensuring every word contributes to the overall meaning.

Don’ts in Precis Writing:

• Don’t: Insert personal opinions or interpretations into the precis; maintain objectivity.

Don’t Exceed Word Limit:

• Don’t: Exceed the specified word limit, typically one-third of the original passage’s length.

Avoid Unnecessary Details:

• Don’t: Include unnecessary details that do not contribute to the core ideas of the passage.

Don’t Alter the Original Meaning:

• Don’t: Change the meaning or emphasis of the original passage while expressing it in your own words.

Don’t Disregard Logical Flow:

• Don’t: Disrupt the logical flow of ideas; ensure each sentence follows logically from the preceding one.

Following these dos and don’ts will help create a precise and accurate summary while adhering to the guidelines of the task.

5 Key Differences between Precis and Summary

• Precis: Typically, a precis is much shorter than a summary, often limited to one-third or one-fourth of the original passage’s length.
• Summary: Summaries can vary in length and are generally more comprehensive, covering the main points of the entire text.

2. Level of Detail:

• Precis: Focuses on condensing the passage to its essential points, often omitting examples, anecdotes, or illustrative details.
• Summary: May include more details, examples, and supporting information to provide a more thorough overview of the original text.

3. Writing Style:

• Precis: Requires rewriting the passage in a concise manner while maintaining the original author’s tone and style.
• Summary: Allows for a more flexible writing style, and the summarizer may use their own words and structure to convey the main ideas.

4. Purpose:

• Precis: Primarily aims to capture the core ideas of the passage while maintaining brevity; often used in academic or formal contexts.
• Summary: Aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the entire text, including major themes, supporting details, and conclusions; used in various contexts, from academic to casual.

5. Content Inclusion:

• Precis: Typically includes only the central theme, main points, and essential supporting details necessary to convey the passage’s meaning.
• Summary: Can include a broader range of information, encompassing the main ideas, subplots, and various aspects of the original content to present a more holistic view.

In essence, while both a precis and a summary involve condensing a text, a precis is more focused on brevity and essential elements, while a summary may be more extensive and flexible in its coverage.

Here are 10 precis writing examples on current topics, with corresponding Answers:

Example 1: Impact of Remote Work

The rise of remote work has become a defining feature of the modern workforce. Accelerated by technological advancements and the global response to the pandemic, businesses and employees are reevaluating traditional office structures. Remote work offers flexibility, enabling professionals to balance personal and professional life. However, challenges such as maintaining team cohesion and addressing potential burnout have emerged. The shift towards remote work signifies a transformative phase in how we approach work, emphasizing the need for adaptable strategies and technology-driven collaboration.

The rise of remote work, driven by technological advancements and the pandemic, has transformed the modern workforce, offering flexibility for personal and professional life. However, challenges like team cohesion and burnout persist, emphasizing the need for adaptable strategies and technology-driven collaboration.

Example 2: Impact of Climate Change

The alarming acceleration of climate change poses unprecedented threats to the planet. From extreme weather events to rising sea levels, the consequences are evident globally. The urgent need for sustainable practices, renewable energy sources, and international cooperation is more apparent than ever. Governments, businesses, and individuals must collaborate to mitigate the impact and adopt environmentally conscious initiatives. The ongoing discourse on climate change emphasizes the critical role each entity plays in preserving the planet for future generations.

Climate change is a global threat causing extreme weather events and rising sea levels, necessitating immediate action through sustainable practices, renewable energy, and international cooperation, emphasizing the crucial role of governments, businesses, and individuals in preserving the planet.

Example 3: Vaccine Rollout for Global Health

The global effort to vaccinate against COVID-19 is a monumental task with far-reaching implications. Vaccination campaigns, while making significant progress, face challenges related to distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and the emergence of new variants. Access to vaccines in developing countries remains a concern, emphasizing the need for equitable distribution. International collaboration and support are crucial in ensuring widespread vaccination to curb the impact of the ongoing pandemic and pave the way for a return to normalcy.

The global COVID-19 vaccine campaign faces challenges like distribution, vaccine hesitancy, and emerging variants. Equitable access, particularly in developing nations, is crucial for a return to normalcy and mitigating the pandemic’s impact.

Example 4: Rise of Cryptocurrency

The surge in popularity of cryptocurrencies, led by Bitcoin and Ethereum, is reshaping the financial landscape. Investors are drawn to the potential for high returns, and mainstream acceptance of digital currencies is growing. However, regulatory uncertainties and concerns about market volatility persist. The cryptocurrency boom underscores the evolving nature of finance and the need for a balanced approach that embraces innovation while addressing risks associated with this decentralized form of currency.

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum are gaining popularity due to their high returns, transforming the financial landscape. However, this growth comes with regulatory uncertainties and market volatility concerns, highlighting the need for a balanced approach that embraces innovation while addressing risks.

Example 5: Impact of Social Media on Society

Social media’s pervasive influence on society is profound, shaping communication, culture, and even political discourse. While connecting people globally, concerns about misinformation, privacy breaches, and mental health issues have intensified. The impact of social media on shaping public opinion and fostering both unity and division reflects its dual nature. Balancing the benefits with responsible usage and effective regulation is crucial to harnessing the positive aspects while mitigating the negative consequences.

Social media’s impact on society, communication, culture, and political discourse raises concerns about misinformation, privacy breaches, and mental health. Balancing benefits with responsible usage and effective regulation is crucial to maximize positive impacts and mitigate negative consequences.

Example 6: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is revolutionizing diagnostics and patient care. Machine learning algorithms analyze vast datasets to identify patterns and assist in early disease detection. AI-driven innovations range from personalized treatment plans to predictive analytics, enhancing medical decision-making. While the potential benefits are substantial, ethical considerations, data privacy, and the need for transparent algorithms require careful navigation. The ongoing evolution of AI in healthcare signifies a transformative shift, prompting continuous exploration of its capabilities and responsible implementation.

Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing diagnostics and patient care through machine learning algorithms. This technology enhances medical decision-making, but ethical considerations, data privacy, and transparent algorithms require careful implementation. The ongoing evolution of AI in healthcare is a transformative shift.

Example 7: Impact of Online Learning on Education

The surge in online learning has reshaped the educational landscape, accelerated by global events that necessitated remote alternatives. Virtual classrooms offer flexibility, accessibility, and diverse learning resources. However, challenges such as the digital divide and the need for robust online pedagogy persist. The ongoing debate about the efficacy of online learning underscores the importance of adapting traditional educational models to the digital era. Balancing technological advancements with inclusive practices remains essential in providing quality education for diverse learners.

The rise of online learning has revolutionized education, offering flexibility and diverse resources. However, challenges like the digital divide and the need for robust online pedagogy persist. The debate emphasizes the need to adapt traditional education to the digital era.

Example 8: Mental Health Challenges in the Digital Age

The digital age brings new mental health challenges, with increased screen time, social media pressures, and the constant influx of information. Concerns about digital addiction, cyberbullying, and the impact on well-being are on the rise. Amid technological advancements, fostering digital mindfulness, promoting positive online behaviors, and integrating mental health support within digital platforms become imperative. Addressing the intersection of mental health and the digital landscape is crucial for creating a healthier and more resilient society.

The digital age presents mental health challenges like screen time, social media pressures, and information overload, leading to concerns about digital addiction and cyberbullying. Therefore, promoting digital mindfulness, positive online behaviors, and mental health support is crucial for a healthier society.

Example 9: Future of Work Post-Pandemic

The post-pandemic future of work is undergoing a paradigm shift. Hybrid work models, remote collaboration tools, and a focus on employee well-being redefine the traditional workplace. Organizations are reevaluating office structures, emphasizing flexibility and technology-driven solutions. Balancing remote work advantages with maintaining organizational culture poses challenges. The evolving work landscape underscores the importance of adaptability, continuous learning, and a human-centric approach to foster a thriving workforce in the new normal.

The post-pandemic work landscape is shifting towards hybrid models, remote collaboration tools, and employee well-being. Organizations are reevaluating office structures, emphasizing flexibility and technology-driven solutions. Balancing remote work advantages with organizational culture presents challenges, emphasizing adaptability, continuous learning, and a human-centric approach.

Example 10: Challenges of Global Supply Chains

Frequently asked question – precis writing, what is the precis writing.

Ans: Precis writing is the art of condensing a given text to its essential points, expressing its main ideas and arguments concisely. It requires a clear understanding of the original content while maintaining brevity and coherence in the summarization process.

What is precis and example?

Ans: A precis is a concise summary of a text, capturing its main ideas and arguments. For example, in a precis of an article on climate change, one might condense key points like global impact, environmental challenges, and mitigation strategies while maintaining clarity and brevity.

What are the 4 rules in writing precis?

Ans: 1. Understand the passage thoroughly.

2. Identify key elements, including the main theme and supporting details.

3. Maintain clarity and conciseness in expression.

4. Craft a coherent structure following the original flow.

What is precis writing in SSC CGL?

Ans: In SSC CGL, precis writing assesses candidates’ ability to condense a given passage while retaining its essence. It evaluates comprehension, clarity, and conciseness. Candidates must express the key ideas of the text effectively within a specified word limit.

How can I get full marks in precis writing?

Ans: To secure full marks in precis writing, ensure a thorough understanding of the passage, identify key elements, maintain clarity and conciseness, follow the prescribed structure, and adhere to the specified word limit. Express the essence of the text accurately in your own words.

What is the word limit for precis in SSC?

Ans: In SSC exams, including SSC CGL, the word limit for precis writing is usually around one-third or one-fourth of the original passage’s length. Adhering to the specified word limit is crucial for effective summarization.

What are the 10 rules in writing a precis?

2. Identify main theme and key points.

3. Maintain clarity and conciseness.

4. Follow a coherent structure.

5. Stick to the specified word limit.

6. Use precise language.

7. Avoid personal opinions.

8. Retain the original tone.

9. Do not alter the meaning.

10. Ensure logical flow of ideas.

What is the rule of precis writing?

Ans: The rule of precis writing involves condensing a passage’s essential ideas concisely. Understand the original text, identify key elements, maintain clarity, and follow a coherent structure. Use precise language, adhere to the specified word limit, and retain the author’s tone and meaning.

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Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned – IELTS Writing Task 1

Updated On Jul 01, 2024

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IELTS Writing Prediction Questions & Answers : Free PDF

It is common for IELTS candidates to be presented with a process diagram that illustrates a sequence of events or steps involved in a specific process, such as ‘Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned’. In this type of task, candidates must summarize the stages depicted in the diagram of sheep embryo cloning.

Now, let us check out Band 7, 8, and 9 sample answers on the  process diagram  topic, Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned, in this blog and maximize the preparation by practising more  IELTS Writing practice tests .

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The diagram shows the process by which sheep embryos are cloned.   summarise the important information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant., write at least 150 words., process by which sheep embryos are cloned.

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Band 7 Sample Answer For Writing Task 1 Question – Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned

The presented diagram creates the idea of the cloning procedure of sheep.

A simple glance at the diagram informs us that there are five phases involved in the process of cloning sheep embryos, which are distinct from artificially impregnating sheep.

The first step in the process is to select the two female sheep in the diagram, A and B. One body cell from Sheep A and one egg cell from Sheep B are extracted. The nucleus is removed from the egg cell and the DNA is extracted from the body cell. Thus, we have a DNA strain and a nucleus-free egg cell that are fused together to create a new cell that divides to become an embryo. After the gestation time is over, Sheep C will give birth to a lamb thanks to the placement of this embryo in her uterus. This lamb is going to be Sheep A’s clone.

(Word Count – 150)

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Band 8 Sample Answer For Writing Task 1 Question – Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned

The procedure for cloning a sheep embryo is shown in the provided diagram. The procedure appears complex because it involves technical vocabulary and methods. Overall, there are five processes needed to clone a sheep embryo, as seen in the image above.

The first step in the procedure is to take the two female sheep in the photo, A and B. Body cells are collected from Sheep A, while egg cells are taken from Sheep B. Following that, the nucleus from Sheep B’s egg cell is removed and DNA from Sheep A’s body cell is extracted. Then, the DNA of Sheep A and the nucleus-removed Egg Cell of Sheep B are joined in the second to last stage.

In the last stage, this fused cell will become an embryo by self-multiplying much like any other egg cell. Next, the embryo is inserted into the uterus of this other female sheep, C. Following the gestation time, Sheep C will give birth to a lamb that is a successful Sheep A clone.

(Word Count – 169)

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Band 9 Sample Answer For Writing Task 1 Question – Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned

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The cloning of a sheep embryo involves two female sheep, designated as Sheep A and Sheep B, are carefully chosen. Sheep A provides a body cell containing the desired DNA, while Sheep B contributes to the egg cell.

Overall, the process takes place in five distinct steps that are required to clone an embryo of a sheep.

Firstly, the DNA from Sheep A is extracted from the body cell, while the egg cell from Sheep B has its nucleus removed. Subsequently, in the fusion step, the DNA from Sheep A is merged with the enucleated egg cell from Sheep B, forming a zygote. This zygote undergoes cellular multiplication to develop into an embryo.

In the final phase, the embryo is implanted into the uterus of another female sheep, Sheep C, who serves as a surrogate. Throughout the gestation period, Sheep C nurtures the developing clone until delivery. Ultimately, Sheep C gives birth to a lamb genetically identical to Sheep A.

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Connectors Used in the Sample Answers of ‘Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned’

The term ‘linking words’ or ‘ connectors ’ refers to words or phrases that link together ideas within a sentence or paragraph. They add cohesion to your writing and achieve a better flow to your answer. As an example, here are some connectors used in the sample answers above on the topic, Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned:

• The first step in the process…/The first step in the procedure is…
• After the gestation time is over…
• Following that
• In the last stage
• Subsequently
• In the final phase
• Throughout the gestation period

Just framing your answer is not enough. It is also important to proofread your  IELTS Academic Writing Task 1  answer carefully to check for any grammar,  vocabulary  or spelling mistakes. It will help you create well-organized and logical responses for similar process diagrams, like ‘Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned’. In case you want further clarification on the topic, ‘Process by which Sheep Embryos are Cloned’ or process diagrams in general, ‌leave a message in the comments or sign up and our experts will get back to you.

Also Check:

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• IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 Process Diagram (Video)
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Kasturika is a professional Content Writer with over three years of experience as an English language teacher. Her understanding of English language requirements, as set by foreign universities, is enriched by her interactions with students and educators. Her work is a fusion of extensive knowledge of SEO practices and up-to-date guidelines. This enables her to produce content that not only informs but also engages IELTS aspirants. Her passion for exploring new horizons has driven her to achieve new heights in her learning journey.

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IELTS Speaking Topics Part 1, 2 and 3

Explore the latest IELTS Speaking topics with answers for Part 1, Part 2, and Part 3. Find IELTS Speaking questions and answers to excel in your test.

The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Speaking test assesses a candidate's ability to communicate effectively in English. As part of the test, candidates are expected to engage in a conversation with an examiner on a range of topics. These topics, known as common IELTS Speaking topics , cover various aspects of everyday life, personal experiences, social issues, and global trends. By exploring these topics, candidates can showcase their language skills, fluency, vocabulary, and ability to express their thoughts and opinions in a coherent manner. This diverse set of topics enables candidates to demonstrate their proficiency in English and provides a comprehensive assessment of their speaking abilities.

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What is the IELTS Speaking test format?

The Speaking test format remains consistent for both the Academic and General Training versions of the IELTS examination. Whether taking the test on a computer or in person, the Speaking test maintains its face-to-face nature, allowing candidates to directly interact with a certified IELTS examiner.

The duration of the Speaking test remains unchanged, with a time frame of 11 to 14 minutes allotted for both the Academic and General Training tests. This standardised approach ensures a fair and reliable assessment of candidates' speaking abilities across all test formats.

Learn about IELTS Speaking part 1, 2 and 3

There are three parts to a Speaking Test:

Part 1: (4–5 minutes) Introduction and interview. The IELTS examiner will introduce him/herself and will ask you to also introduce yourself, besides confirming your identity. The examiner will ask you generic questions on topics like family, studies, work, and your interests.

Part 2: (3–4 minutes) Individual long turn. The examiner will give you a task card with a topic written on it, with some points you may cover in your speech. You will have one minute to think and prepare upon the topic; a paper and pencil will be provided to jot down your notes. Once done ideating, you will have a time of one to two minutes to speak on the subject followed by some questions on the same by the examiner.

Part 3: (4–5 minutes) Two-way discussion. The examiner will ask more questions related to the topic provided in Part 2 of the Speaking test. You can use this opportunity to talk about more ideas.

Latest IELTS Speaking topics

Here are some common IELTS Speaking topics that often come up in the test:

1. Personal information:

Introduce yourself (name, occupation, where you're from)

Talk about your family

Describe your hometown

2. Hobbies and interests:

Discuss your favourite leisure activities

Talk about sports you enjoy or follow

Share your hobbies and why you like them

3. Education and work:

Describe your current or past studies

Talk about your job or future career plans

Discuss your favourite subjects and why you like them

4. Travel and tourism:

Describe a memorable trip you've taken

Talk about a place you would like to visit and why

Discuss the importance of travel and its benefits

5. Technology and media:

Talk about your favourite websites or apps

Discuss the influence of social media

Share your opinion on the advantages and disadvantages of technology

6. Environment and conservation:

Discuss environmental issues and their impact

Talk about steps to protect the environment

Share your opinion on sustainable living

7. Health and fitness:

Discuss the importance of a healthy lifestyle

Talk about your exercise routine or favourite sport

Share your opinion on junk food and its effects

8. Culture and traditions:

Talk about a traditional festival in your country

Discuss the importance of preserving cultural heritage

Share your opinion on globalisation and its impact on culture

9. Social issues:

Discuss poverty and its causes.

Talk about the impact of immigration on society.

Share your opinion on gender equality.

10. Future plans and aspirations:

Talk about your goals and ambitions

Discuss your plans for further education

Share your opinion on the importance of setting goals

Remember, these are just some common topics, and the actual questions may vary. It's essential to practice speaking about a wide range of subjects to be well-prepared for the IELTS Speaking test .

IELTS Speaking topics: Questions with answers

Here are some common IELTS Speaking topics along with sample answers for all three parts:

Part 1: Introduction and General questions

Ques:: What's your name?

Ans: My full name is John Smith.

Ques: Can I see your ID?

Ans: Sure, here's my passport.

Ques: Where are you from?

Ans: I'm from London, England.

Ques: Do you work or study?

Ans: I work as a software engineer in a tech company.

Ques: What do you like to do in your free time?

Ans: In my free time, I enjoy reading books and playing the guitar.

Part 2: Cue card (Describe a specific topic)

Ques: Talk about a person who has inspired you.

Ans: One person who has been a great source of inspiration for me is my grandmother. She has overcome numerous challenges in her life and has always maintained a positive attitude. Her resilience and determination have taught me the value of perseverance. She has also instilled in me the importance of kindness and empathy towards others. Whenever I face difficulties, I think of her strength, and it motivates me to keep pushing forward.

Part 3: Discussion and follow-up questions

Ques: How important is it to travel and experience different cultures?

Ans: Traveling and experiencing different cultures is highly important as it broadens our perspectives and deepens our understanding of the world. It allows us to appreciate diversity, learn from different traditions, and break down stereotypes. Moreover, it fosters cultural exchange and promotes mutual respect among people from different backgrounds. Overall, traveling enriches our lives and contributes to personal growth.

Ques: What are the benefits of learning a foreign language?

Ans: Learning a foreign language has numerous benefits. Firstly, it improves communication skills and enables effective interaction with people from different cultures. Secondly, it enhances cognitive abilities, such as memory and problem-solving. Additionally, it opens up job opportunities in an increasingly globalised world. Lastly, learning a foreign language promotes cultural appreciation and fosters a deeper understanding of other societies. It's a valuable skill that broadens horizons and enriches personal development. Remember to personalise your answers and provide specific examples from your own experiences whenever possible. Practice speaking aloud and focus on fluency, coherence, and accuracy. Good luck with your IELTS preparation !

Studying different IELTS topics for the Speaking test helps you build vocabulary, develop ideas, enhance fluency and coherence, and increase your preparedness for a variety of subjects. It is an effective strategy to improve your performance and increase your chances of achieving a higher score on the IELTS Speaking test .

Why should you study different IELTS topics for the Speaking test?

Studying different IELTS topics for the Speaking test is beneficial for several reasons:

Familiarity with a range of topics

The Speaking test in IELTS covers a wide range of topics, including personal experiences, education, work, society, culture, and current affairs. By studying different topics, you become familiar with the vocabulary, ideas, and concepts related to each one. This helps you feel more confident and prepared when discussing these topics during the test.

Vocabulary expansion

Each topic has its own specific vocabulary and terminology. By studying different IELTS topics, you expose yourself to a variety of vocabulary words and phrases related to various subject areas. This expands your overall vocabulary, enabling you to express yourself more effectively and precisely during the Speaking test.

Development of ideas and opinions

Studying different topics allows you to develop ideas and opinions on a wide range of subjects. This is crucial because the Speaking test evaluates your ability to express your thoughts and provide relevant examples. By exploring different topics, you enhance your critical thinking skills, enabling you to generate well-structured responses during the test.

Enhanced fluency and coherence

The Speaking test assesses your ability to speak fluently and coherently. When you study different topics, you expose yourself to diverse content, which helps improve your fluency and coherence. Regular practice discussing various topics helps you organise your thoughts quickly and express them in a coherent manner, leading to a higher score on the Speaking test.

Preparedness for unexpected topics

While there are common IELTS topics that often appear in the Speaking test, there is always a chance of encountering unexpected or less familiar topics. By studying a wide range of topics, you develop the ability to adapt quickly and discuss unfamiliar subjects with confidence. This flexibility enhances your performance and ensures you are well-prepared for any topic that may arise during the test.

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June/July NECO Literature in English Questions 2024 Free Answers (Drama & Poetry) 100% Verified Solution

The Drama & Poetry literature answers for NECO SSCE exam is out. Students writing the subject can see verified 2024 NECO NECO Literature in English Questions June/July for free here. The exam will take place on 1st July, 2024. The National Examinations Council (NECO) is a Nigerian examination body responsible for conducting and administering national examinations at the secondary school level. NECO plays a crucial role in assessing and certifying students’ academic achievements across various subjects.

Literature in English questions generally delve into analyzing themes, characters, and literary devices within texts from various genres and time periods, prompting students to interpret and critically evaluate the author’s intentions and the broader implications of the work.

Are you writing the Literature in English exam and need help? If yes, then you have come to the solution ground.

All students writing the Literature in English examination are advised to join us on WhatsApp for early solution. To join now, click on the link in this page.

This article comprehensively covers all details regarding the NECO Literature June/July expo questions and answers. It includes a detailed guide on effective strategies for utilizing the solutions to enhance your understanding and excel in the subject.

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Also Read: NECO Further Mathematics Questions and answers

Is NECO Literature in English Questions 2024 Answers Out?

Yes, the National examination board has released the much awaited literature Drama & Poetry questions and answers. All the exam questions are right now with us, and will soon be uploaded in this page.

NECO has scheduled examinations for Monday, 1st July 2024, including Paper II: Drama & Poetry – Literature in English, which will be held from 2:40 pm to 4:20 pm.

It is advised that students writing the literature exam review key literary works thoroughly beforehand and manage their time effectively during the exam to address all questions comprehensively

Go to Edureport Literature in English Page To See All The Question Papers Now.

NECO Literature Drama & Poetry Essay Answers

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All the answers to Literature in English including the practical, physical and objective answers will be made available here in 2 hours time.

The drama section of the NECO Literature in English exam usually tests students’ understanding of plays, character analysis, themes, and dramatic techniques.

Familiarity with the prescribed texts is essential for performing well in this section.

(11) In “Bat” by D.H. Lawrence, the poet adeptly utilizes various poetic devices to convey the mysterious and somewhat eerie essence of bats, contrasting human perceptions with the natural world.

(i)Imagery; plays a crucial role in “Bat.” Lawrence crafts detailed, sensory-rich descriptions that transport the reader into the dusky scene. For instance, he captures the bats as they “wheel and flitter by the porch” and describes their flight with phrases like “whirls like a dark scarf.” Such imagery not only enhances the visual experience but also contributes to the unsettling atmosphere, emphasizing the swift, unpredictable movements of the bats.

(ii)Sound; is another device that Lawrence masterfully incorporates into the poem. He uses onomatopoeia and alliteration to mimic the sounds of the bats and their environment. Words like “Twitching chirp” and “whip-bat” replicate the sharp, abrupt noises of the bats’ movements, which adds a layer of auditory imagery to the poem. The repetition of harsh consonant sounds in phrases like “black piper on an infinitesimal pipe” evokes the dissonance and disturbance of the scene, amplifying the poem’s mood.

(iii)Symbolism; is deeply woven into the fabric of “Bat.” The bats themselves symbolize the unknown and the aspects of nature that are often seen as unsettling or eerie. They appear at twilight, a time that itself symbolizes transition and ambiguity, further enhancing their symbolic role as creatures that blur the lines between day and night, the known and the unknown. Lawrence uses the bats to challenge the reader’s perceptions, symbolizing a shift from the familiar to the mysterious and possibly disconcerting aspects of nature.

Through these poetic devices, Lawrence not only crafts an immersive and atmospheric piece but also invites readers to rethink their interactions with and attitudes towards the natural world, particularly its more enigmatic facets.

(12) In T.S. Eliot’s poem “Journey of the Magi,” the journey motif is central and multifaceted, reflecting both a physical and a spiritual quest. The poem, which recounts the journey of the Magi to visit the Christ child, is rich with themes of transformation, struggle, and illumination. The physical aspect of the journey is depicted through the harsh conditions faced by the Magi. They travel in the cold winter, enduring the “worst time of the year” with “the ways deep and the weather sharp.” This physical hardship is emblematic of the difficulties often encountered in the pursuit of profound truths or spiritual enlightenment. Their journey through such inhospitable conditions mirrors the inner turmoil and sacrifices that often accompany significant personal or spiritual change. On a spiritual level, the journey represents a quest for divine knowledge and truth. The Magi, who are wise men, undertake this journey not merely for a physical encounter but to seek a deeper understanding of the divine. Their arrival and the sight of the Christ child signify a moment of epiphany where their long journey culminates not only in witnessing a new king but also in experiencing a transformation of their beliefs and perceptions. Eliot further complicates the journey motif by suggesting that the arrival of Christ brings about a kind of death as well as a rebirth. One of the Magi reflects on how this experience has left them feeling alienated from their old selves and their previous beliefs, indicating a profound internal change that parallels their physical expedition. The Magi’s journey thus encapsulates a movement from one state of being to another, marked by discomfort, discovery, and ultimately, a redefinition of self. Moreover, the poem’s narrative framework and allusions to spiritual texts integrate the journey motif into a broader theological context, suggesting that the Magi’s experience is part of a larger divine plan. This enhances the existential weight of their travel, framing it as a necessary path toward spiritual awakening and fulfillment. In conclusion, the journey motif in “Journey of the Magi” serves as a powerful metaphor for the trials and transformations inherent in the search for spiritual enlightenment. Eliot uses this motif to explore themes of sacrifice, revelation, and the difficult passage from old ways to new understandings, making the Magi’s journey a profound exploration of the human condition in the face of divine revelation.

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NECO Literature in English Exam Preparation Tips

To excel in the drama section, students should:

• Read and analyze the prescribed texts thoroughly.
• Understand the historical and cultural context of the plays.
• Practice past questions and review model answers.

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