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Free CSE Citation Generator

Generate accurate CSE citations for books, websites, journals and more, with MyBib!

🤔 What is a CSE Citation Generator?

A CSE citation generator is an online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style. It does this automatically by taking in an identifier for a document, such as a website URL, book ISBN, or journal DOI, and then formatting the citation correctly using the remaining details.

🤓 What is the CSE citation style?

The CSE citation style is a citation style created by the Council of Science Editors, a non-profit organization. They publish the CSE style guidelines in the CSE Scientific Style and Format Manual , now on the 8th edition.

There are three ways to correctly cite sources in the CSE style. They should not be mixed together (format all citations the same way).

• Name-Year (N-Y): Also known as author-date, the author name and publication year are surrounded with parenthesis and placed next to the cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list at the end of the article is ordered alphabetically by the author's last name.
• Citation-Name (C-N): Superscripted numbers (example: ¹) are placed next to cited text as an in-text citation. The reference list is still sorted alphabetically by the author's last name, but the corresponding in-text citation number is prepended to each reference to connect both of them together.
• Citation-Sequence (C-S): Similar to Citation-Name, superscripted numbers are used next to cited text and are also prepended to the author's name in the reference list, but the reference list is sorted by the citation number in ascending order instead of the author's last name.

👩‍🎓 Who uses a CSE Citation Generator?

The CSE style is used broadly across the sciences--especially biology, where it originated. If you are studying the sciences, or you are writing to be published in an CSE publication (such as Science Editor ), then you will likely need to cite your sources using the CSE style.

🙌 Why should I use a CSE Citation Generator?

Every academic field, not just the sciences, will recommend using a tool to record references to others' work in your writing. A citation generator like MyBib can record this data, and can also automatically create an accurate bibliography from it, with the necessary in-text citations too.

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's CSE Citation Generator?

MyBib's CSE citation generator was designed to be accurate and easy to use (also it's FREE!). Follow these steps:

• Search for the article, website, or document you want to cite using the search box at the top of the page.
• Look through the list of results found and choose the one that you referenced in your work.
• Make sure the details are all correct, and correct any that aren't. Then click Generate!

The generator will produce a formatted CSE citation that can be copied and pasted directly into your document, or saved to MyBib as part of your overall reference list (which can be downloaded fully later!).

MyBib supports the following for CSE style:

Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

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Consider your source's credibility. ask these questions:, contributor/author.

• Has the author written several articles on the topic, and do they have the credentials to be an expert in their field?
• Can you contact them? Do they have social media profiles?
• Have other credible individuals referenced this source or author?
• Book: What have reviews said about it?
• What do you know about the publisher/sponsor? Are they well-respected?
• Do they take responsibility for the content? Are they selective about what they publish?
• Take a look at their other content. Do these other articles generally appear credible?
• Does the author or the organization have a bias? Does bias make sense in relation to your argument?
• Is the purpose of the content to inform, entertain, or to spread an agenda? Is there commercial intent?
• Are there ads?
• When was the source published or updated? Is there a date shown?
• Does the publication date make sense in relation to the information presented to your argument?
• Does the source even have a date?
• Was it reproduced? If so, from where?
• If it was reproduced, was it done so with permission? Copyright/disclaimer included?

MLA Format: Everything You Need to Know and More

Filled with a wide variety of examples and visuals, our Citation Machine® MLA guide will help you master the citation process. Learn how to cite websites, books, journal articles, magazines, newspapers, films, social media, and more!

MLA Citation Generator | Website | Books | Journal Articles | YouTube | Images | Movies | Interview | PDFs

Comprehensive Guide to APA Format

Our Citation Machine® APA guide is a one-stop shop for learning how to cite in APA format. Read up on what APA is, or use our citing tools and APA examples to create citations for websites, books, journals, and more!

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Everything You Need to Know About Chicago Style

Creating citations in Chicago style has never been easier thanks to our extensive Citation Machine® Chicago style guide and tools. Learn about footnotes, endnotes, and everything in between, or easily create citations for websites, books, journal articles, and more!

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BibGuru CSE Citation Generator

Cite websites, books, articles, ...

In-text citations in CSE

Cse reference list - name-year system, citation examples - name-year system, cse reference list - citation-sequence and citation-name system, citation examples - citation-sequence and citation-name system.

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The ultimate guide to citing in CSE

CSE style was developed by the Council of Science Editors (CSE), a US-based nonprofit organization that supports editorial practice among scientific writers. The CSE publishes a style guide for scientific papers: The CSE Manual . CSE style originated in the 1960s and is currently used in many fields of study in both the life sciences and physical sciences.

If you are not sure which citation style to use in your paper, ask your instructor. There are many different citation styles and using the style your instructor or institution has established correctly can have a positive impact on your grade.

The CSE Manual, 8th edition, is the basis of this guide. This guide focuses on crediting sources and aims at answering all of your questions about citing in CSE. But you don’t have to worry about getting your citations right with the BibGuru citation generator. We have created BibGuru to help you focus on the content of your work instead of worrying about how to get your reference list done correctly.

I want to cite a ...

The CSE style has three systems to cite sources in-text:

• Name-Year (N-Y) system: The author’s surname and year of the publication are placed in parentheses in the text e.g. (Rode 2012). The reference list is ordered alphabetically by author name.
• Citation-Name (C-N) system: Superscript numbers are used to identify in-text citations. In the alphabetized reference list, each numeral corresponds with a unique reference.
• Citation-Sequence (C-S) system: Superscript numbers are used to identify in-text citations. In the reference list, sources are numbered sequentially by the order in which they appear in the text (this differs from the C-N system because they might not be in alphabetical order by author).

These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of full references at the end of the document.

Which of the three citation systems above you use will determine the order of references at the end of your document. These end references essentially have the same format in all three systems. One exception is the placement of the date of publication in the name-year system. Ask your instructor which of the three systems to use in case you are unsure.

See below the format and examples for the most popular reference types in the name-year system:

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For the end reference, list authors in the order in which they appear in the original text, followed by the year of publication. Journal titles are generally abbreviated. Each element is separated by a period, and the location (usually the page range for the article) is preceded by a colon.

FORMAT Reference list entry format

Author(s). Date. Article title. Journal title. Volume(issue):location.

FORMAT Reference list entry format for an online journal article

Author(s) of article. Date of publication. Title of article. Title of journal (edition). [date updated; date accessed];Volume(issue):location. Notes.

EXAMPLE Journal article with a DOI

(Christopher 2022)

Reference list:

Christopher MM. 2022. Comprehensive analysis of retracted journal articles in the field of veterinary medicine and animal health. BMC Vet Res. 18(1):73. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03167-x.

For articles with 2 authors, names are separated by a comma in the end reference but by “and” in the in-text reference.

EXAMPLE Journal article with two authors

(McCauley and Christiansen 2019)

McCauley SM, Christiansen MH. 2019. Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychol Rev. 126(1):1–51. doi:10.1037/rev0000126.

For articles with 3 to 10 authors, list all authors in the end reference; in the in-text reference, list only the first, followed by “et al.” When there are more than 10 authors, list the first 10 in the end reference, followed by “et al.”

EXAMPLE Journal article with four authors

(Warren et al. 2018)

Warren R, Price J, Graham E, Forstenhaeusler N, VanDerWal J. 2018. The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science. 360(6390):791–795. doi:10.1126/science.aar3646.

The basic format for books is as follows:

FORMAT Book

Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Extent. Notes.

Extent can include information about pagination or number of volumes and is considered optional. Notes can include information of interest to the reader, such as the language of publications other than English, and is also considered optional.

For books with 2 authors, names are separated by a comma in the end reference and by “and” in the in-text reference.

EXAMPLE Book with two authors

(Auerbach and Kotlikoff 1998)

Auerbach AJ, Kotlikoff LJ. 1998. Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. 2nd ed. London, England: MIT Press.

For books with 3 to 10 authors, list all authors in the end reference. In the in-text reference, list only the first, followed by “et al.” For books with more than 10 authors, list the first 10 in the end reference, followed by “et al.”

EXAMPLE Book with 6 authors

(Clayton et al. 2021)

Clayton D, Jackson TD, Stone N, Thomas A, Woodfolk A, Yoon N. 2021. Blackout. UK: HarperCollins.

EXAMPLE Book with an editor and multiple authors

(Raab et al. 2015)

Raab M, Lobinger B, Hoffmann SO, Pizzera A, Laborde S, editors. 2015. Performance psychology: Perception, action, cognition, and emotion. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

EXAMPLE Doctoral thesis

(Pradhan 2021)

Pradhan S. 2021. Impacts of road construction on landsliding in Nepal [doctoral thesis]. Durham University. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14069/.

Website references follow the same general principles as printed references. In addition, a date of update/revision (if available), access date, and URL need to be provided. The format for a website reference looks like this:

FORMAT Website

Title of Homepage. Date of publication. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.

For the in-text reference, include only the first word or two of the title (enough to distinguish it from other titles in the reference list), followed by an ellipsis.

EXAMPLE Website

WWF - endangered species conservation. 2022. World Wildlife Fund. [accessed 2022 May 27]. https://www.worldwildlife.org/.

The format for a blog article is as follows:

FORMAT Blog post

Author’s name. Date of publication. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. [accessed date]. URL.

EXAMPLE Blog post

(Liegl 2021)

Liegl J. 2021. Communicating with humanity. Several people are typing. [accessed 2022 Feb 22]. https://slack.com/blog/collaboration/communicating-with-humanity.

An example of an CSE Name-Year reference page made with BibGuru's CSE citation generator:

How to use Bibguru for CSE citations

The citation-sequence and citation-name systems are identical except for the order of references. In both systems, numbers in the text refer to references in the reference list.

In the citation-sequence system , the end references are listed in the order in which they appear in the text. Once a reference is numbered, the same number is used for all following in-text citations in the same document, e.g. if Meyer is the first mentioned in-text, their work will be number 1 in the end references and also in all following in-text references.

In the citation-name system , references in the reference list are listed alphabetically by author. Multiple works by one author are listed alphabetically by title. The end references are numbered in alphabetical order and the number assigned to an author in the reference list is then used for the in-text citations, regardless of the order in which they appear in the text. So, if a work by Meyer is number 43 in the reference list, each in-text reference to Meyer will also be number 43.

See below for the format and examples of the most popular reference types in the citation-sequence and citation-name systems:

Authors are listed in the order in which they appear in the original text, followed by a period. Journal titles are generally abbreviated.

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Date;volume(issue):location.

Author(s) of article. Title of article. Title of journal (edition). Date of publication [date updated; date accessed];volume(issue):location. Notes.

2. Christopher MM. Comprehensive analysis of retracted journal articles in the field of veterinary medicine and animal health. BMC veterinary research. 2022;18(1):73. doi:10.1186/s12917-022-03167-x

For articles with more than 1 author, names are separated by a comma.

3. McCauley SM, Christiansen MH. Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological review. 2019;126(1):1–51. doi:10.1037/rev0000126

For articles with more than 10 authors, the first 10 are listed, followed by “et al.”

4. Warren R, Price J, Graham E, Forstenhaeusler N, VanDerWal J. The projected effect on insects, vertebrates, and plants of limiting global warming to 1.5°C rather than 2°C. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2018;360(6390):791–795. doi:10.1126/science.aar3646

This is the standard format for a book citation:

Author(s). Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date. Extent. Notes.

For books with more than 1 author, names are separated by a comma.

5. Auerbach AJ, Kotlikoff LJ. Macroeconomics: An integrated approach. 2nd ed. London, England: MIT Press; 1998.

When there are more than 10 authors, list the first 10 followed by “et al.”

6. Raab M, Lobinger B, Hoffmann SO, Pizzera A, Laborde S, editors. Performance psychology: Perception, action, cognition, and emotion. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2015.

7. Pradhan S. Impacts of road construction on landsliding in Nepal [doctoral thesis]. Durham University; 2021. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/14069/.

Website references follow the same general principles as for printed references. In addition, a date of update/revision (if available), access date, and URL need to be provided. The format for a website reference looks like this:

Title of Homepage. Edition. Place of publication: publisher; date of publication [date updated; date accessed]. Notes.

8. WWF - endangered species conservation. World Wildlife Fund. 2022 [accessed 2022 May 27]. https://www.worldwildlife.org/

Author’s name. Title of post [descriptive word]. Title of blog. Date of publication. [accessed date]. URL.

8. Liegl J. Communicating with humanity. Several people are typing. 2021 Jul 2. [accessed 2022 Feb 22]. https://slack.com/blog/collaboration/communicating-with-humanity.

An example of an CSE Citation-Name reference page made with BibGuru's CSE citation generator:

While all the specific rules and variations of CSE citation style might sound very complicated, you don't need to worry about getting them wrong with BibGuru. Use our CSE citation maker to create the fastest and most accurate CSE citations possible.

Ditch the frustrations for stress-free citations

Helpful resources, from our blog.

CSE stands for Council of Science Editors, formerly known as Council of Biology Editors, CBE. It is a US-based non-profit organization supporting editorial practice among scientific writers. The CSE was established in 1957 by the National Science Foundation and the American Institute of Biological Sciences. The CSE publishes a style guide for scientific papers, the CSE Manual.

The Council of Science Editors (CSE), a US-based non-profit organization supporting editorial practice among scientific writers publishes a style guide for scientific papers: The CSE Manual. The style is used in many fields of study including the life sciences and physical sciences.

The CSE style has three systems to cite sources. The Name-Year system uses in-text citations. In the Citation-Name system and the Citation-Sequence system, superscript numbers are used in-text to identify citations, corresponding with references in the reference list. Those are similar to footnotes but different in that they are not listed separately but integrated into the text.

Interviews and other forms of unpublished personal communications (for example emails) are not included in the reference list in the CSE style. Instead, they should be cited in parentheses within the text of your paper.

The reference list (or bibliography) at the end of your CSE paper can be titled "References" or "Cited References". The arrangement of those references depends on which of the three style systems you picked for the citations of your paper.

Citation generators

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Referencing is the backbone of any well-defined structured science paper and the correct reference formatting is important for good marks. the cse citation style is a standard citation format developed by the council of science editors . it is used for multiple ranges of science essays such as biology and life sciences. it’s also known as cbe – the council of biology editors , so you’ll see both abbreviations on this page..

CBE/CSE citation can be a little confusing, but if you have all the information and once you know the format you need for your paper, our CSE citation format generator can do the rest. There are three different types of referencing that fall under the umbrella of CSE/CBE referencing. The three styles commonly used are:

• Name-Year: This is simply the second name of the author (s) of a publication you are referencing and the year it was published, in parenthesis, e.g. (Young, 2010)
• Citation-Name: When you have referenced authors in your paper, you arrange the bibliography in alphabetical order and assign a superscript number to each author, you then go back to your paper and insert the assigned superscript number to each author.
• Citation-Sequence: For this format, you give a superscript number a reference as you use them. This number is then used whenever you use the same reference. Your bibliography for this citation style is not in alphabetical order but in order of the superscript numbers.

Advantages of PapersOwl Tools

Advantages of using a cse/cbe citation generator.

When writing a paper, whether it’s for your biology class or other science classes, correct CSE citation is an important part of your marks. Grading takes references into consideration and a bad bibliography, misused book, or website reference, can have an impact on your overall grade. A CSE format citation generator will save you time and is a simple way to guarantee you are formatting your reference list correctly. Using a generator means you’re guaranteed to adhere to the correct council of science editors formatting. Your focus can be on quality proofreading and research. A CSE citation generator puts your references in the correct order, no matter what citation CSE format you need.

Why it’s easy to use a CSE citation generator?

Science disciplines can be difficult and scientific papers are complex. Our free automatic CBE/CSE citation generator is easy to use, simply enter the information you have for your references: name, author, year of publication, etc. in the generator. Then, select the format you need (Citation-Name, Name-Year, Citation Sequence) and your references can be copied to your reference list. Easy!

If you have a lot of work to do, from proofreading, making sure your paper makes sense, is researched correctly, or your points are valid, a generator can cut referencing timeout completely. Referencing is always the most tedious part of an essay. It feels like you’re finished, but they take a lot of time to get in order. Our recommendation is to make sure you use our website for the whole process of essay writing, which means at the end you don’t have to worry about gathering every little detail and our fast, automatic generator will cut out the unnecessary tedious task at the end of an already long process.

Need More Help With References and Citation?

Our CSE/CBE generator is ideal for science papers, but we understand there’s a lot more to college than one citation method. If you are writing essays for lots of different modules, different referencing styles might be needed like Harvard, or ASA ( American Sociological Association referencing ). If you need help with sociology referencing, our free ASA citation generator is ideal and can format your ASA bibliography fast. Our ASA citation generator complies with the ASA code of ethics, which means every detail will be documented in the referencing format and correctly, according to each individual source.

In-text citation reference lists are important for your overall college performance, but we know that there’s more to getting good grades. We also provide trusted writing services. We take what you have learned and adapt it to the correct format you need. Our skilled team of writers can craft comprehensive, well thought out, and developed papers with the knowledge you have, and the time you don’t.

If you are looking for guidance with difficult college work like lab reports or a dreaded thesis, our lab report writing services are an effective, easy way to get what you need out of the research you have carefully put together. Our researchers can help with your thesis if you are strapped for time.

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Citing Your Sources: CSE (Council of Science Editors) Style

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Boston University Libraries SEARCH

• Boston University Libraries SEARCH provides a single place to search for academic material provided by the BU Libraries, including books, journals, video and sound recordings as well as online material from a variety of sources.

Purdue OWL (Online Writing Lab)

The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects.

Scientific Style and Format: the CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers

Scientific Style and Format Style Manual Committee, Council of Science Editors. 8th ed. Cambridge University Press, 2014 Location: Science & Engineering Library T11.S386 2014 

See Chapter 30:  Citations and References pages 617-676  Citing electronic sources pages 665-669

the Citation-Sequence system (see page 619-622) the Name-Year system (see pages 619-620)

The following examples use the Name-Year system.

The in-text citation includes the last name of the author(s) and the year of publication of the document enclosed in parentheses.in-text citation: (Sawin 2004)

The reference list is included at the end of the document. Reference list entries are arranged in alphabetical order by the last name of the author, editor, or other individual or entity.Names are formatted as Last, Initials.reference list entry: Sawin, JL. 2004. Mainstreaming renewable energy in the 21st century. Washington, DC. Worldwatch Institute. 76 p.

General format: Author/editor. Year. Title. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. #pages. Example: Sorensen, B. 2004. Renewable energy : its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy, and planning aspects. 3rd ed. Boston : Elsevier Academic Press. 928 p.

Chapter or other part of a book

General format: Author of selection. Year. Title of selection. In: Author/editor of book. Title of book. Edition. Place of publication: publisher. Pages of selection. Example: Singleton P, Sainsbury D. 2001. Dictionary of microbiology and molecular biology. 3rd ed. New York: J Wiley. Plasmid; p 593-4.

Conference proceedings

General format: Editor. Year. Title of publication or conference. Name of conference; dates of conference; place of conference. Place of publication: publisher. Total number of pages. Example: Dubois DM, editor. 2004. Computing anticipatory systems. CASYS 2003 – Sixth International Conference; 2003 August 11-16; Liege, Belgium. Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics. 602 p.

Conference papers

General format: Author of the paper. Date of publication. Title of the paper. Connective phrase [In]: editor of the proceedings. Title of the publication, or name of conference, or both; dates of the conference; place of the conference. Place of publication: publisher. Paper pages. Example: Rossler OE. 2004. Nonlinear dynamics, artificial cognition and galactic export. In: Dubois DM, editor. Computing anticipatory systems. CASYS 2003 – Sixth International Conference; 2003 August 11-16; Liege, Belgium. Melville, NY: American Institute of Physics. p 47-67.

Journal article

General format: Author. Year (or Date). Title of article. Title of journal. Volume and issue number. Page numbers. URL in angle brackets. Date accessed. Example:  Bisagni C, Mirandola, C. 2005. Experimental and numer ical investigation of crash behavior of composite helicopter cruciform elements. Journal of the American Helicopter Society 50(1): 107-116. Example: Cavalcanti A. 2003. Assembly automation with evolutionary nanorobots and sensor-based control applied to nanomedicine. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology.  2(2): 82 – 87.  {http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.ezproxy.bu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1204819} Accessed April 7, 2020

General format:  Author. Title [medium]. Place of Publication: Publisher; Date of Publication [Date of update/Date of citation]. Availability. Example:  Animal Welfare Information Center [Internet]. Beltsville (MD): National Agricultural Library (US); [updated April 14, 2005; cited April 7, 2020]. Available from: http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/.

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Writing and Citing: Guides by Style and Discipline

• Writing and Citing
• Guides by Style and Discipline
• Purdue OWL: APA Formatting and Style Guide From Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL).

APA style was developed by the American Psychological Association. The social sciences often use APA style for documenting sources.

• APA Style and Grammar Guidelines By the American Psychological Association.
• APA Style Blog Official companion to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Sixth Edition.
• **APA Citation Guide By University of Maryland
• DOIs and URLs
• The Most Significant Changes Between APA 6 and APA 7
• TypeCite - APA A free citation generator that also provides helpful information about citation using APA format.
• APA Format for Students and Researchers Provided by EasyBib

CSE style was developed by the Council of Science Editors. It is often used in Biology and Kinesiology.  For the Biology and Kinesiology Departments, please cite all articles using the print format - whether you are using the print or not. Do not include URLs, date accessed, names of databases, etc.

• *CSE Citation Quick Guide From Washington State University Libraries.
• Council of Science Editors (CSE) style: Name-Year From the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
• CSE Citation Guide From the Ohio State University Libraries.
• Purdue OWL: MLA Formatting and Style Guide From Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL).

MLA was developed by the Modern Language Association. The humanities typically use MLA format to cite sources.

• MLA Citation Guide By University of Maryland.
• Works Cited: A Quick Guide Shows examples of different materials cited in MLA 8th ed, and provides a template for including the core elements of this style.
• TypeCite - MLA A free citation generator that also provides helpful information about citation using MLA format.
• MLA Format: Everything You Need to Know Here Provided by EasyBib
• Turabian / Chicago
• Purdue OWL: Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.) Formatting and Style Guide From Purdue University's Online Writing Lab (OWL).
• Chicago/Turabian Style From the University of Wisconsin-Madison Writing Center.
• Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide A quick guide from the Chicago Manual of Style

Turabian style is named for its developer Kate Turabian, and is used in various disciplines, including history. This style is sometimes referred to as Chicago style since it is based on  The Chicago Manual of Style .

• Turabian Citation Quick Guide From the University of Chicago Press.

For the Biology Department, please cite all articles using the print format - whether you are using the print or not. Do not include URLs, date accessed, names of databases, etc.

• American Chemical Society (ACS) Style Guidelines From the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries.
• ACS Style Guide From Williams College Libraries.
• Computer Science
• Computer Science Style Guide Suggestions from Dalhousie University
• How to Cite References: IEEE Documentation Style
• IEEE Citation Style Guide from the International Journal of Simulation Systems, Science & Technology
• IEEE Editorial Style Manual from IEEE
• IEEE Style - University of Pittsburgh
• IEEE Author Center Reference Guide

Humanities (Literature, Philosophy, the Arts)

• Kinesiology

For the Kinesiology Department, please cite all articles using the print format - whether you are using the print or not. Do not include URLs, date accessed, names of databases, etc.

• Purdue OWL: MLA Formatting and Style Guide See "Other Types of Sources" for sound recordings, videos and performances; and "Electronic Sources" for citing online information, including guidance on citing YouTube videos.
• AIP Style Manual (4th ed.) By the American Institute of Physics
• Reference Guide: AIP Style From the University of Illinois
• Political Science

• APSA (American Political Science Association) Style From the University of Wisconsin Writer’s Handbook.
• APA Citation Style From Cornell University.
• Religious Studies
• Student Supplement to the SBL Handbook of Style By the Society for Biblical Literature
• SBL Style for Documenting Sources From Good Library, Goshen College

• Social Sciences

APA style was developed by the American Psychological Association. The social sciences often use APA style, though some disciplines such as sociology use different styles.

• ASA (Sociology) Style Guide Overview From the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL).
• Quick Tips for ASA Style From the American Sociological Association, complete with examples and guidelines for documents.
• ASA Style Citations From Coates Library, Trinity University
• ASA (American Sociological Association) Style Guide From Bucknell University.

Page Table of Contents

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CSE Quick Citation Guide

Cse citation style.

• Format In-Text and End References
• Format End References
• In-Text Citations
• Formatting End References

Scientific Style and Format presents three systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication:

• citation–sequence
• name–year
• citation–name 

These abbreviated references are called in-text references. They refer to a list of references at the end of the document.

• Next: Citation-Sequence and Citation-Name >>
• Last Updated: Mar 9, 2023 9:54 AM
• URL: https://libguides.libraries.wsu.edu/csecitation

• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Automated transliteration
• Relevant bibliographies by topics
• Referencing guides

CSE citation generator online

Create a spot-on reference in CSE

What is cse style.

CSE Style is an internationally used citation style developed by the American organisation Council of Science Editors. The latest edition of CSE Style to date is the 8th edition.

The CSE Style manual provides instructions on how to compile bibliographic references and in-text citations for various types of sources.

What are the specifics of CSE Style?

CSE Style is based largely on the rules of Vancouver Style developed by the US National Library of Medicine and stipulated in the manual Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers .

Just as in Vancouver (NLM Style), three reference systems exist in CSE Style (8th ed.). These are the following:

• citation-sequence : within this system, the bibliographic references are numbered and ordered sequentially by chronology of citation, the in-text citations are represented by the corresponding numbers;
• citation-name : this method requires the bibliographic references to be numbered but ordered alphabetically;
• name-year : this is the classical author-date approach, with the in-text citations represented by the name of the author and the year of publication of the work.

As CSE Style derives from NLM Style, the two standards’ specifics are very common. However, CSE Style has a number of different traits compared to Vancouver, namely in terms of punctuation, the approach to citing Internet sources, and so on.

What is the purpose of the CSE citation generator by Grafiati?

Just as with all our other reference generators, the CSE citation generator by Grafiati aims at delivering top-quality bibliographic references and in-text citations in accordance with the requirements of the Council of Science Editors.

We support the latest – 8th – edition of CSE Style, including all the three referencing systems of CSE: citation-sequence, citation-name, and name-year . Thanks to this, you can get the most accurate and up-to-date CSE references on the web spending minimum time. Moreover, thanks to our bibliography ordering engine, you get the correctly ordered list of references in any of the CSE citation systems which you can later simply paste into your paper.

Our CSE referencing generator allows you easily convert any of your CSE references into either Vancouver (NLM Style) or any other citation style in just one click.

How to start using the CSE reference generator by Grafiati?

Go to our homepage and select either of the CSE Style systems you would like to use. Next, search for a source in our catalogue, click on the button, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference and the in-text citation for you. Follow our interface to do all your bibliographic work.

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Paperpile – a free alternative

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ZoteroBib – a free alternative

Zotero – a free alternative

Citavi – a free alternative

MyBib – a free alternative

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• University of Maine Augusta
• Resource Guides
• Citing Your Sources - Purdue OWL, Excelsior OWL, and Valencia College
• Chicago/Turabian Style
• Copyright & Avoiding Plagiarism
• Writing & Grammar

• Did you know?
• Citing sources is crucial
• Free citation tools

Did you know  that almost ALL of UMA Libraries' catalogs and databases will  create citations for you?  When you find a resource, simply scan the database for a  "(quotation mark)"  icon, or for a label such as  Cite this Item,  or  Cite,  or  Citation Export.

Giving Credit to Whom It Is Due

When you write a research paper, you must document the sources you used to produce it. When quoting or even paraphrasing another person's idea in your paper, you must give credit to that person so that the reader can find the source you cited.

Sources for which you should provide full citations include books, articles, interviews, Internet sources, government documents, software, videotapes, etc. You cite the sources briefly within the text of your paper, and then give the full citation in the "Bibliography" or "Works Cited" section at the end of your paper.

Additionally, IT IS REQUIRED. See UMA's  Academic Integrity Policy  which spells out your responsibility as a student. The way to avoid plagiarism is to carefully cite all sources used. Your instructors will indicate which citation style they want you to use when citing your sources. Most often this is either APA or MLA citation style.

Please double-check citations before submitting your work! We cannot guarantee the accuracy of citations created using these free, online tools.

Citation Machine

Citation Managers

ZoteroBib (ZBib)

The UMA Writing Centers and VAWLT   (Virtual, Accessibility, Writing, Library & Technology tutors) offer UMA learners free online writing help and tutoring sessions. Visit their websites to learn more!

• UMA Writing Center - Augusta
• UMA Writing Center - Bangor
• Writing help
• Writing Centers

The UMA Writing Centers and VAWLT  offer UMA students free, online tutoring sessions. Visit their websites to learn more!

The UMA Writing Center supports writers and fosters a culture of writing at UMA, both in person & online.

UMA VAWLT provides virtual support to by chat, email, & Zoom.

• UMA VAWLT Virtual Accessibility, Writing, Library, and Technology tutors (VAWLT) more... less... The UMA VAWLT provides virtual support to UMS students by chat, email, and Zoom.
• Purdue's Online Writing Lab (OWL)
• CMOS - Chicago/Turabian

The  Online Writing Lab (OWL)  at Purdue University houses writing resources and instructional material, and we provide these as a free service of the Writing Lab at Purdue. Students, members of the community, and users worldwide will find information to assist with many writing projects. Teachers and trainers may use this material for in-class and out-of-class instruction.

Please be careful of the ads!

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)  site  is a fairly comprehensive resource for the Modern Language Association's (MLA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar on OWL's page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.

UPDATED TO 9th ed.

Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL)  site  is a fairly comprehensive resource for the American Psychological Association (APA) style and formatting rules. Use the left side bar of the OWL page to navigate to the style or other help that you need.

CMOS  Style

• OWL @ Excelsior College
• Chicago/Turabian

MLA In-Text Citations                                   MLA Works Cited

MLA Style Demo (videos)                             MLA Activity (tutorial)

APA In-Text Citations                                    APA References

APA Formatting Guide                                  APA Headings (setting up the paper)

APA Activity (tutorial)                                          APA Side By Side   (compares reference, in-text citation,                                                                                                                      and in-text citation with author set-up)

Chicago Formatting Guidelines                Chicago Notes & Bibliography

Format a Citation in APA Style Using EBSCOhost

Citation help from Academic Search Complete & other EBSCO databases

Academic Search Complete (along with Business Source Complete, PsycInfo, and other EBSCO databases) will create a citation for you! Look for the "Cite" button to view citations in all the major citation formats.

Citation Basics & Links

Citing your sources is an important step in the research and writing process.  Choose one of the following to get started:

Documentation style depends on your area of study. For instance, the American Psychological Association (APA) citation style is often used in the social sciences, whereas the Modern Language Association (MLA) style is used in the humanities. Check with your professor to be sure you are using the right style for your papers.

Here's a short overview of citations:

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• Last Updated: May 24, 2024 2:37 PM
• URL: https://umalibguides.uma.edu/citationguide

Citation Guide

• Avoiding Plagiarism This link opens in a new window
• APA 7th Edition
• MLA 8th Edition
• Chicago 16th & Turbian 7th Edition
• Council of Science Editors (CSE)
• American Chemical Society (ACS)
• Other Styles

Journal Title Abbreviations

The CAS Source Index (CASSI) Search Tool is an online resource that quickly identifies or confirms journal titles and abbreviatiosn for publications indexed by CAS since 1907.

Save time and effort.  Locate the bibliographic details you need quickly and easily. Search by Title, Abbreviation, CODEN, ISBN, or ISSN.

CAS Source Index Search Tool

Online Resources

• CSE (biome.org) Citation Generator
• Boston University Libraries (CSE)
• Colorado State University (CSE)

Council of Science Editors (CSE) Citation Style Guide

• << Previous: Chicago 16th & Turbian 7th Edition
• Next: American Chemical Society (ACS) >>
• Last Updated: Apr 4, 2024 2:41 PM
• URL: https://library.citadel.edu/citingsources

Thomas W. Cole Library's Home on LibGuides: Citation Help

• Academic Success
• Citation Help
• Debate Guide
• Faculty & Staff
• Interibrary Loan Request (ILL)
• Intro to Research
• Library Catalog This link opens in a new window
• Library Services
• Quick Guide to Library of Congress Classification (LCC)
• Writing Help
• School of Business and Social Sciences
• Special Collections and Archives
• Grammarly Citation Generator
• Purdue OWL APA Style
• Purdue OWL Chicago Stle
• Purdue OWL MLA Style

APA Citation Style

• APA Citation Style, Purdue OWL The APA Citation Style Guide created by Purdue's OWL provides you step by step instruction and examples of correct in-text citation, reference page creation, and APA formatting.
• APA Style Official APA style website from the American Psychological Association.

• Council of Science Editors Documentation Style From the Writing Center at the University of Wisconsin- Madison
• CSE Citation Generator An online tool that creates citations in the Council of Science Editors (CSE) citation style.
• Journal Abbreviation Resources on the Web CSE format requires the use of correct journal abbreviations; this site gives a variety of sources for this information.
• Scientific Style and Citation Format Quick Guide Quick Guide from the Publisher of CSE Format
• UNC's "Citing Information" page Includes separate links with sample references for both "Name-Year" and "Citation Sequence" styles in CSE.

Chicago/Turabian

• Chicago/Turabian, Purdue OWL
• Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, Kate L. Turabian Kate L. Turabian’s Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations presents two basic documentation systems: notes-bibliography style (or simply bibliography style) and author-date style (sometimes called reference list style). These styles are essentially the same as those presented in The Chicago Manual of Style, sixteenth edition, with slight modifications for the needs of student writers.

MLA Citation Style

• MLA Citation Style, Purdue OWL The MLA Citation Style Guide created by Purdue's OWL provides you step by step instruction and examples of correct in-text citation, works cited page creation, and MLA formatting.

Citation Management

The below are downloadable or web-based software that allow you to collect, organize, cite, and share your research references. They make it easy to create citations and bibliographies in different style formats (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) and build your own online research library. 

They are a great tool for Senior Seminar papers and graduate level papers.

• Chicago Style
• APA Style Papers A guide for APA Style Student Papers
• APA In-Text Citations A guide for APA citations
• CSE Style Papers A guide for CSE Style Student Papers
• CSE Citations A guide for CSE citations
• Chicago Style Format (17th) How to format a Chicago Style paper
• Chicago Citation Styles A guide for Chicago Style citations
• MLA Paper Format A guide for MLA Style Student Papers
• MLA In-Text Citations (8th Ed., 2016) A guide for MLA citations

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• Next: Contact Us >>
• Last Updated: May 24, 2024 8:37 AM
• URL: https://wileyc.libguides.com/home

Citation Builder

Need help citing sources? Citation Builder lets you fill in the information you have to create a citation.

Citation Manuals

• Purdue OWL APA Guide
• Purdue OWL MLA Guide
• Hacker Handbooks CSE Guide
• Chicago Manual of Style
• Chicago Manual of Style Online (My account login required)

Related Research Guides

• Citation Style Guides

Citation Builder is a web-based open-source tool designed by the NCSU Library and licensed under the MIT License .

Ask Us Chat

Use this chat box to ask a librarian for research help. We’re available 24/7! (Holidays excluded.)

Text us your questions to 720-438-4446. We’ll answer from 9 am to 6 pm during the week and reply to after hours questions the next morning. (Your provider rates will apply.)

What Help is Available? Please visit our Auraria Library COVID-19 Updates for the latest updates about what services are currently available.

Visit the Ask Us Desk The Ask Us Service Desk is located on the first floor of the Library and provides in-person help by answering questions about the Library, Campus, or three Institutions. This service also loans anatomical items, technology items (such as phone charges and calculators), plus course reserves, or textbooks, for some classes.

Research Consultations Research consultations are for in-depth and lengthy discussions about research questions. Please use Schedule a Research Consultation Form to request an appointment. We can help you out via Zoom or over the phone. Due to the level of preparation needed, appointments should be made 48 hours in advance. If you need immediate help, please use our 24/7 chat service.

For general library information, as well as for questions about borrowing, renewing, or returning library materials, call 303-315-7763.

Let's get started with using the library tools!

Take a quick tour to learn about the research tools on this page.

Start My Research

This is a quick search option for finding research materials. Enter your search terms to find books, articles, media and more.

Limit Your Search

You can limit the search to narrow down your results. For example, limit to “Books Only” to find books and ebooks, or “Media Only” for streaming videos.

Research Tools

Research menu gives you options for in-depth research. Go to Databases List to find the library's subject or format-specific databases for your research.

Get More Help

Do you still have questions or need help with your research? Check out the Research FAQ or use several options to get in touch with us.

For more ways to get help go to Ask Us .

Writing & Citing

• Grammar & Spelling Help
• Writing Help

Citation Generators

Citation generators - library databases.

Citation generators can help you to create citations and works cited/references/bibliographies for your assignments. If you decide to use a citation generator, review your results carefully to be sure the citation is accurate. Some generators contain formatting errors or may not be updated to the latest edition of a particular citation style. If in doubt, refer to the appropriate style manual for definitive information.

• Citation Builder - MLA, APA, CBE/CSE, and Chicago format
• Cite This for Me  - MLA, APA and Chicago
• EasyBib - Only MLA is free.
• Knight Cite - MLA, APA & Chicago Styles
• Microsoft Word - Create a bibliography

Once you open an article, most library databases offer tools to copy citations. You can usually find this option as part of a tools menu or some kind of icon.

Be sure to check computer-generated citations for accuracy before listing them in your References/Works Cited page, as some may not be 100% accurate.

• APA Formatting and Style Guide - Purdue University (OWL)
• APA Sample Paper  - Purdue University (OWL)
• APA Sample Papers  - APA.org
• APA Style Reference Examples  - Examples for text, online and audiovisual sources, and data sets from APA.org
• APA Style Tutorials and Webinars - APA.org
• MLA Formatting and Style Guide (9th ed.) - Purdue University (OWL)
• MLA Citations by Format (9th ed.) - MLA.org
• MLA Style Center - MLA.org
• MLA Sample Paper - Purdue University (OWL)
• Chicago Formatting and Style Guide - Purdue University (OWL)
• Chicago Documentation Style - University of Wisconsin Writing Center
• Chicago Citation Examples - University of Maryland
• Chicago Style Citation Quick Guide - chicagomanualofstyle.org
• << Previous: Writing Help
• Next: Plagiarism >>
• Last Updated: Feb 22, 2023 10:10 AM
• URL: https://libguides.msjc.edu/writingandciting

• Ask a Librarian
• Use Case Examples
• Advanced Search
• Extensions & Plug-ins
• Articles about scite
• AI Ethics & Publisher Policies

Get Help with scite

• Purdue Ask-A-Lbrarian Have a question about scite?
• Purdue Libraries Faculty by Subject Want a presentation for your students or your department? Please contact your faculty liaison.

Guide Creators

• Prof. Dave Zwicky
• Prof. Margaret Phillips

About scite

• Key Terminology
• Helpful Links

scite is a citation database that indexes more than a million articles and has access to more than a billion citations.

To be indexed in scite, journals must be registered with Crossref or Datacite (two DOI registration agencies) and have functional DOIs and active ISSNs for indexing. scite has access to the full text of many of those articles from both open access sources and from publishers who have indexing agreements with them. scite is adding articles and citations each day, but not all publishers participate. scite also indexes   other resource types with DOIs, such as p r eprints, government reports, etc.

Examples of participating publishers include Wiley, Sage, Cambridge University Press, American Chemical Society, and The Royal Society.  Examples of data sources include OSF, PubMed, and Unpaywall.

scite citations are divided by AI into supporting, mentioning, and contrasting citations (i.e., "smart" citations)

scite also has a ChatGPT-like generative AI tool that lets you ask questions in plain language and get answers with references. 

• Generate brief overviews of topics and answers to questions using AI, but also showing which searches the AI ran and which articles they're referencing to generate the text
• Search titles and citation statements
• Find where in an article a reference was cited in supporting or contrasting ways, as evaluated by AI
• Perform a reference check on published and in-progress manuscripts for retractions and editorial concerns

Citation Statements (sometimes known as citances or in-text citations) - sentences surrounding a citation or reference within a publication. For example, the following is a citation statement from  Determining Data Information Literacy Needs: A Study of Students and Research Faculty  by Carlson et al (2011), citing  Incorporating Data Literacy into Undergraduate Information Literacy Programs in the Social Sciences  by Stephenson & Caravello (2007): " Stephenson and Caravello extol the importance of data and statistical literacies as components of information literacy in the social sciences, arguing that the ability to evaluate information essentially requires that one understand the data and statistics used in an information resource."

scite Assistant - scite's ChatGPT-like generative AI tool that lets you ask questions in plain language and get answers with references. 

Smart Citations -   provide contextual information about cited articles, helping researchers understand whether the cited work supports or contradicts the current research. Examples of supporting, contrasting, and mentioning citations, from  scite: A smart citation index that displays the context of citations and classifies their intent using deep learning   by Nicholson et al (2021):

• scite Help & FAQ
• How does scite work?
• Blog Post by scite Co-founder Josh Nicholson (2020)
• Purdue Guidance on the Use of AI in Teaching and Learning

Access Scite

• Institutional Access
• Account Set Up

Access via the link below. 

Creating an Account

Users are not required to sign up for a scite account to use the database with Purdue's institutional license.   However, creating an individual account is the best way to make the most of the tool, giving users the ability to create a researcher profile, personalize a feed, save searches, create visualizations, set up a dashboard, connect to ORCID, performance reference checks, etc.

Claiming your Articles

Once your account has been created, go to your profile.  In the sidebar, you should see the option to "Claim Papers."

This will bring up a search for articles that Scite thinks might match your information.  Simply select the ones that belong to you, and Scite will construct your profile with a list of your articles.

Finding your Citations

Once your profile is complete and all of your articles have been added, click on "My Metrics."  This will give you compiled statistics about both your publications and publications that cite you.

Example of your publications

Example of articles that cite you:

Editorial Note

scite is using rapidly developing new technology, and it is under active development.  Some features and interfaces may change as the resource matures.

• Next: Use Case Examples >>
• Last Edited: Apr 8, 2024 9:11 AM
• URL: https://guides.lib.purdue.edu/scite

Purdue Online Writing Lab Purdue OWL® College of Liberal Arts

APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

Welcome to the Purdue OWL

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In-Text Citations

Resources on using in-text citations in APA style

Reference List

Resources on writing an APA style reference list, including citation formats

Other APA Resources