supreme court case study quizlet

Supreme Court Cases Quiz

Our free Supreme Court cases quiz will test your knowledge on 30 landmark Supreme Court cases. It is important for every government and politics student to be familiar with each of these important Supreme Court cases. These cases involve individual rights, criminal law, federalism, first amendment rights, and more. This Supreme Court quiz will help you review and memorize these important decisions.

Which Supreme Court case held that religious duty is not a legitimate defense to a criminal indictment?

Which supreme court case defined the first amendment rights of public school students, which supreme court case held that the government, through the use of eminent domain, can claim and pass on privately owned land to another private owner if doing so results in economic development, which supreme court case invalidated a state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives on the grounds that the law violated the right to marital privacy, which supreme court case held that the constitution does not provide a right to abortion, which supreme court case prohibits race-based admission decisions to institutions of higher education, which supreme court case established the basis for the exercise of judicial review under article iii of the constitution, which supreme court case established that police must advise criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning them, which supreme court case held that the commerce clause grants congress the power to regulate any aspect of commerce that crosses state lines, including modes of transportation, which supreme court case established that evidence obtained through unreasonable searches and seizures, in violation of the fourth amendment, may not be used in state courts for state law criminal prosecutions, which supreme court case upheld state laws requiring racial segregation at public facilities under the “separate but equal” doctrine, which supreme court case protects an individual’s right to possess a functioning handgun in their home, which supreme court case held that the first amendment right to free speech doesn't protect speech that presents a “clear and present danger”, which supreme court case upheld the constitutionality of executive order 9066, which ordered japanese americans into internment camps during world war ii, which supreme court case held that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples, which supreme court case held that people of african descent who were brought to the u.s. and held as slaves (and their descendants) were not u.s. citizens and were not protected by the constitution, which supreme court case upheld the individual health insurance mandate included in the affordable care act, which supreme court case held that it is unconstitutional for state officials to write an official school prayer and to encourage students to recite it, which supreme court case held that state courts are required by the fourteenth amendment to provide counsel to defendants in criminal cases, extending this sixth amendment federal requirement to the states, which supreme court case held that the government cannot restrict independent political expenditures by corporations, which supreme court case struck down state funding for religious schools, which supreme court case held that a search warrant is needed to track an automobile with a gps tracking device, which supreme court case held that abortion is a fundamental right under the united states constitution, which supreme court case reaffirmed that obscene material is not protected by the first amendment, and also redefined the constitutional test for determining what constitutes obscene material, which supreme court case held that the act of burning a flag is protected “speech” under the first amendment, which supreme court case held that state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students were unconstitutional, which supreme court case held that the president cannot use executive privilege to withhold evidence that is relevant in a criminal trial, which supreme court case invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage, which supreme court case established that the constitution grants implied powers to congress which can be used to implement the constitution's express powers, which supreme court case established that a public official suing for defamation must prove that the statement was made with “actual malice”.

Supreme Court examines abortion pill restrictions in high-stakes challenge to FDA

In the first major abortion case before the U.S. Supreme Court since Roe v. Wade was struck down two years ago, the justices will weigh the future of the abortion pill mifepristone on Tuesday as they hear arguments over whether the Food and Drug Administration lawfully relaxed restrictions to make it easier to access the drug to end a pregnancy.

Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine, a group of anti-abortion medical organizations, alleges the FDA failed to adequately consider the dangers of mifepristone when it eased rules in 2016 and 2021, violating a requirement that government agencies act reasonably and explain their decisions to the public.

The case thrusts the high court back into the center of the nation's abortion debate after its conservative majority voted to overrule Roe in 2022 and purported to return "the issue of abortion to the people's elected representatives."

The outcome of the FDA case could sharply limit access to abortion nationwide, even in states that still allow it . Fourteen states have banned abortion in almost all circumstances.

More than half of all abortions in the U.S. are done via medication, and the method is growing in popularity, according to a recent study from the Guttmacher Institute. Mifepristone has been used by more than 5 million women since it was first approved in 2000, and "serious adverse events are exceedingly rare," the FDA says.

The latest guidelines allow mifepristone to be prescribed by doctors, nurse practitioners or physician assistants and distributed in-person or by mail up to 10 weeks of pregnancy.

Prior to 2016, mifepristone could be prescribed only by a physician and dispensed in-person at a medical facility, up to seven weeks of pregnancy. Three in-person doctor office visits were required.

"The agency removed numerous interrelated safeguards without studies examining the changes as a whole or explaining why cumulative studies were unnecessary," the challengers wrote to the court in their brief. "These arbitrary and unreasonably explained agency actions fall far short of what the [law] requires."

The Biden administration, which is defending the pill, says the FDA conducted an "exhaustive review" of scientific evidence and reasonably concluded the drug remains widely safe and effective under the revised conditions of use.

"Few drugs have been so extensively studied after their approval by FDA and can boast such a clear and compelling record of safe use," the nation's 16 leading medical societies, including the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Medical Association, and the American College of Physicians, told the court in a joint filing.

"The scientific evidence is overwhelming: major adverse events occur in less than 0.32% of patients," they wrote. "The risk of death is almost non-existent."

The administration also argues that members of the anti-abortion Alliance -- which do not prescribe mifepristone -- are not directly harmed by the FDA regulations and lack standing to challenge them in court.

"Their primary theory is that their members could be forced to violate their consciences by completing an abortion for a woman with an ongoing pregnancy, but that scenario rests on a chain of speculative contingencies," the administration wrote in its brief to the Court. "Respondents have not identified even a single case in which any association member has been required to provide such treatment."

Between 2.9% and 4.6% of women who took mifepristone later visited an emergency room, according to FDA data. Surgical intervention has been required in 7.9% of cases.

Legal experts say the case -- the first time a court has second-guessed an FDA drug approval -- could have sweeping implications far beyond abortion.

Danco Labs, the leading manufacturer of mifepristone, has warned that an adverse ruling could encourage any medical organization to "challenge virtually every government regulation that touches on health or safety."

The company also said in court filings the case threatens to "destabilize the pharmaceutical industry, which relies both on FDA's ability to make predictive judgments and on courts not second-guessing those scientific judgments."

"This case has the potential to upend regulatory certainty," said Diana Salgado, senior director of public policy litigation at Planned Parenthood Federation of America. "Patient access to other FDA-approved drugs hangs in the balance in this case."

Two lower federal courts sided with the pill challengers, concluding that emergency room doctors are statistically likely to be impacted by the FDA regulation change by having to treat women experiencing adverse side effects from mifepristone -- a scenario that gives them standing to sue.

The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals further found that FDA did not consider the "cumulative effects" of the drug rule changes in 2016 or 2021 when it reduced the dosing requirements and eliminated mandatory in-person doctor visits for patients using mifepristone. It ordered prior drug safety restrictions reinstated.

The Administrative Procedures Act, the federal law at the center of the case, allows courts to strike down "agency action, findings, and conclusions found to be arbitrary, capricious, an abuse of discretion, or otherwise not in accordance with the law."

If the Supreme Court affirms the Fifth Circuit ruling, access to mifepristone could immediately be curtailed nationwide; however, legal experts have noted, the FDA would still have the opportunity to reissue mifepristone regulations using the protocol laid out by the high court.

A decision in the case is expected by the end of June.