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போபால் விஷவாயு விபத்து: 29 ஆண்டுகளாய் தொடரும் போராட்டம்!
போபால்: போபால் விஷவாயு சம்பவம் நிகழ்ந்து இன்றோடு 29 ஆண்டுகள் நிறைவடைந்து விட்டன. ஆனால் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட லட்சக்கணக்கான மக்களுக்கு நீதி கிடைக்கவில்லை என்று இன்றைக்கும் போராட்டங்கள் நடைபெற்று வருகின்றன.
போபாலில் செயல்பட்டு வந்த யூனியன் கார்பைடு தொழிற்சாலையில் இருந்து மெத்தில் ஐசோ சயனைடு என்ற விஷவாயு வெளியானதால் உறக்க நிலையிலேயே பல்லாயிரக்கணக்கானோர் உயிரிழந்தனர். லட்சக்கணக்கான மக்கள் உடல் ரீதியாகவும், மனரீதியாகவும் பாதிக்கப்பட்டு போராடி வருகின்றனர்.
இச்சம்பவத்தால் பிழைத்தவர்களின் வாழ்க்கை உயிரிழந்தவர்கனை விட மிகவும் மோசமானதுதான். 29 வருடங்களுக்கு முன்பு நடந்த இந்தச் சம்பவம் அவர்கள் வாழ்க்கையோடு இன்றும் நிழலைப் போல தொடந்து கொண்டிருக்கிறது.
![விஷவாயு எமன் விஷவாயு எமன்](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056238-bhopal-gas-tragedy335-600-jpg.jpg)
விஷவாயு எமன்
கார்பைடு தொழிற் சாலையிலிருந்து வெளியேறிய ரசாயனப்புகை,அதாவது விஷப்புகை, அவர்கள் வாழ்ந்து கொண்டிருக்கும் மண்ணில் மிக ஆழமாக பதிந்துள்ளது. இச்சம்பவம் நடந்து முடிந்த பிறகு குடியேறிய மக்களின் உடலையும், இந்த ரசாயனம் கலந்தமண், அரித்துத் தின்று கொண்டிருக்கிறது. அவர்கள் வாழ்ந்து கொண்டிருக்கும் அந்த மண்ணில் ரசாயனம் கலந்த தண்ணீர் மட்டும்தான் கிடைக்கிறது.
![பாதிக்கப்பட்ட மக்கள் பாதிக்கப்பட்ட மக்கள்](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056267-bhopal-gas-tragedy2234-600-jpg.jpg)
பாதிக்கப்பட்ட மக்கள்
இதனால் அங்கு வாழும் மக்கள் தோல் சம்பந்தப்பட்ட வியாதிகளுடன் கண் பார்வையிழந்து, அழுகிப் போன அங்கங்களோடு துயரப்பட்டு வருகிறார்கள். மேலும் சிகிச்சைக்கு வருகின்ற நோயாளி களை, அரசு மருத்துவமனைகள் உரிய சிகிச்சை கொடுக் காமல் திருப்பி அனுப்பி விடுகிறது.
![துரதிஷ்டசாலி இளைஞன் துரதிஷ்டசாலி இளைஞன்](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386057914-bhopal-union-carbide-600-jpg.jpg)
துரதிஷ்டசாலி இளைஞன்
சம்பவ தினத்தன்று பிறந்த ஒரு பையனுக்கு "மனூஸ்" அதாவது துர திருஷ்டசாலி என்று பெயர் சூட்டி பெற்றோர்கள் அழைக்கிறார்கள். வளர்ச்சி பெறாத உடலையும் விகாரமான தோற்றத்தையும் கொண்ட அந்த இளைஞன் 29 ஆண்டுகளாக பெற்றோர்களின் அன்பும், அரவணைப்பும் தெரியாமல் வளர்ந்திருக்கிறான். அவனுடைய பெற்றோர்கள் அவனது பிறப்பை ஒரு பாவச்செயலாக எண்ணுகிறார்கள்.
![வாழ்க்கையே பிரச்சினை வாழ்க்கையே பிரச்சினை](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056190-bhopal-gas-tragedy334-600-jpg.jpg)
வாழ்க்கையே பிரச்சினை
"ஒவ்வொருவருக்கும் வாழ்க்கையில் பிரச்ச னைகள் உள்ளன. ஆனால் எங்களுடைய வாழ்க்கையே பிரச்சனையாக இருக்கிறது" என்று கூறுகின்றனர் அங்குள்ள மக்கள். திருமணமான இளம்பெண்கள் கருதரிக்க இயலாமல் மீண்டும் பிறந்த வீட்டிற்கு திரும்புகிறார்கள். கணவ னால் கைவிடப்பட்ட நிறைய பெண்கள் கைத் தொழில் செய்து பிழைத்து வருகிறார்கள்.
![தலைமுறை பாதிப்பு தலைமுறை பாதிப்பு](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386057973-bhopal-gas-4545-600-jpg.jpg)
தலைமுறை பாதிப்பு
மனநிலை பாதிக்கப்பட்டு, உடல் நோய்வாய்பட்டு விரக்தியோடு வாழ்ந்து கொண்டிருக்கும் இந்த மக்கள், இயற்கையான மரணத்திற்காக காத்திருப்பது போன்ற உணர்வைக் கொடுக்கிறார்கள். அந்தத்தலை முறையினர்க்குப் பிறக்கும் குழந்தைகள் இன்றும் பல்வேறு ஊனங்களுடனும் உடல் குறைபாடு களுடனும் பிறக்கின்றன
![தப்பிய நிர்வாகி தப்பிய நிர்வாகி](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056199-bhopal-gas-tragedy43-600-jpg.jpg)
தப்பிய நிர்வாகி
இந்த துயரச்சம்பவம் நிகழ்ந்த இரவே நிர்வாகி வாரன் அன்டர்சன் அமெரிக்காவிற்கு தப்பிச் சென்றுவிட்டார், மாபெரும் மனித இழப்பை பரிசாகக் கொடுத்த அன்டர்சனுக்கு அமெரிக்க அரசு எவ்விதத் தண்டனையும் கொடுக்கவில்லை
யூனியன் கார்பைடு நிறுவனத் தலைவர் வாரன் ஆண்டர்சன் உள்ளிட்டு நிறுவனத்தைச் சார்ந்த 8 பேர் மீது குற்றச் சாட்டு சுமத்தப்பட்டு போபால் பெருநகரத் தலைமை நிதிபதி முன் வழக்கு நடைபெற்றது. 25 ஆண்டுகள் நடைபெற்ற இந்த வழக்கில் கடந்த 03. 06 2010 அன்று தீர்ப்பு வழங்கப்பட்டது. பேருக்குத் தலா இரண்டாண்டு சிறைத் தண்டனை மற்றும் அபராதமும் மட்டுமே விதிக்கப்பட்டது. இதனை எதிர்த்து மக்கள் இன்றைக்கும் போராட்டத்தில் ஈடுபட்டு வருகின்றனர்.
![கிடைக்காத இழப்பீடு கிடைக்காத இழப்பீடு](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056501-bhopal-gas-tragedy45435-600-jpg.jpg)
கிடைக்காத இழப்பீடு
போபால் விஷவாயு கசிவால் பாதிக்கப்பட்டவர்களுக்கு போதுமான இழப்பீடு கிடைக்கவில்லை என்பது இன்றுவரை பெரும் குற்றச்சாட்டாகவே இருக்கிறது. மற்ற விபத்துகளில் பலியானவர்கள் அல்லது காயம் அடைந்தவர்களுக்கு கிடைத்த அளவுக்கு போபால் மக்களுக்கு இழப்பீடு கிடைக்கவே இல்லை என்பதுதான் கொடுமை.
![என்றைக்கு விடியும்? என்றைக்கு விடியும்?](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/ta/img/2013/12/03-1386056561-bhopal-gas-tragedy354345-600-jpg.jpg)
என்றைக்கு விடியும்?
காய்ந்துபோன கண்கள், வறண்டுபோன தொண்டை, புண்பட்ட இதயத்திலிருந்து பிறக்கும் உணர்வுகளுக்கு என்றைக்காவது ஒருநாள் வடிகால் கிடைக்குமா, என்று அம்மக்கள் ஏங்கிக் கொண்டிருக்கிறார்கள்.
![bhopal gas tragedy case study in tamil பிஜேபிக்கு ஏன் ஓட்டுப்போட்டே? கணவன் சொன்ன தலாக்?.. போலீஸுக்கு போன மனைவி.. பரபரக்குது மத்திய பிரதேசம்](https://imagesvs.oneindia.com/fit-in/250x140/ta/img/2024/06/tg7x5uts-1719393803.jpg)
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Bhopal disaster
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- The University of New Mexico - The Bhopal Disaster of 1984
- University of Massachusetts Amherst - Bhopal Plant Disaster
- National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - The Bhopal disaster and its aftermath: a review
- University College London - The Bhopal gas tragedy 1984 to? The evasion of corporate responsibility
- The New York Times - The Bhopal Disaster: How it happened
- The Guardian - 'Bhopal’s tragedy has not stopped': the urban disaster still claiming lives 35 years on
- Academia - The Bhopal Disaster and Its Ramifications: A Brief Overview
![bhopal gas tragedy case study in tamil Bhopal, India: pesticide plant](https://cdn.britannica.com/62/180962-050-515E4FBF/portion-remains-pesticide-plant-Union-Carbide-Madhya.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop)
What was the Bhopal disaster?
The Bhopal disaster was a chemical leak that occurred on December 3, 1984, in the Indian city of Bhopal. It killed an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 people. At the time, it was the worst industrial accident in history.
What was the cause of the Bhopal disaster?
The Bhopal disaster occurred when about 45 tons of the gas methyl isocyanate escaped from a plant owned by a subsidiary of the U.S.-based Union Carbide Corporation. Investigations later established that substandard operating and safety procedures at the understaffed plant had led to the catastrophe.
What was the aftermath of Bhopal disaster?
An estimated 15,000 to 20,000 people died as a result of the Bhopal disaster, and some 500,000 survivors suffered respiratory problems, blindness, and other health problems. In 2010 several former executives of the company that operated the Bhopal plant—all Indian citizens—were convicted of negligence.
Bhopal disaster , chemical leak in 1984 in the city of Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh state, India . At the time, it was called the worst industrial accident in history.
On December 3, 1984, about 45 tons of the dangerous gas methyl isocyanate escaped from an insecticide plant that was owned by the Indian subsidiary of the American firm Union Carbide Corporation . The gas drifted over the densely populated neighbourhoods around the plant, killing thousands of people immediately and creating a panic as tens of thousands of others attempted to flee Bhopal. The final death toll was estimated to be between 15,000 and 20,000. Some half a million survivors suffered respiratory problems, eye irritation or blindness, and other maladies resulting from exposure to the toxic gas; many were awarded compensation of a few hundred dollars. Investigations later established that substandard operating and safety procedures at the understaffed plant had led to the disaster . In 1998 the former factory site was turned over to the state of Madhya Pradesh .
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In the early 21st century more than 400 tons of industrial waste were still present on the site. Despite continued protests and attempts at litigation, neither the Dow Chemical Company , which bought out the Union Carbide Corporation in 2001, nor the Indian government had properly cleaned the site. Soil and water contamination in the area was blamed for chronic health problems and high instances of birth defects in the area’s inhabitants. In 2004 the Indian Supreme Court ordered the state to supply clean drinking water to the residents of Bhopal because of groundwater contamination. In 2010 several former executives of Union Carbide’s India subsidiary—all Indian citizens—were convicted by a Bhopal court of negligence in the disaster.
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Case Studies
Case study: bhopal gas tragedy (1983-84).
Dr. Rhyddhi Chakraborty Programme Leader (Health and Social Care), London Churchill College, UK Email: [email protected]
What follows is a synopsis of the full article found in featured articles.
Please read the featured article Lesson from Bhopal Gas Tragedy (1983-84) By Dr. Rhyddhi Chakraborty Programme Leader (Health and Social Care), London Churchill College, UK describes in detail the elements of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL)
In 1970, in the North adjacent to the slums and railway station, a pesticide plant was set up by Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL). From late 1977, the plant started manufacturing Sevin (Carbaryl) by importing primary raw materials, viz. alpha-naphtol and methyl isocyanate (MIC) in stainless steel drums from the Union Carbide's MIC plant in USA. However, from early 1980, the Bhopal plant itself started manufacturing MIC using the know-how and basic designs supplied by Union Carbide Corporation, USA (UCC). The Bhopal UCIL facility housed three underground 68,000 liters liquid MIC storage tanks: E610, E611, and E619 and were claimed to ensure all safety from leakage.
Time Line of Occupational Hazards of the Union Carbide India Limited Plant Leading Before the Disaster
• 1976: Local trade unions complained of pollution within the plant. • 1980: A worker was reported to have accidentally been splashed with phosgene while carrying out a regular maintenance job of the plant's pipes. • 1982 (January): A phosgene leak exposed 24 workers, all of whom were admitted to a hospital. Investigation revealed that none of the workers had been ordered to wear protective masks. • 1982 (February): An MIC leak affected 18 workers. • 1982 (August): A chemical engineer came into contact with liquid MIC, resulting in burns over 30 percent of his body. • 1982 (October): In attempting to stop the leak, the MIC supervisor suffered severe chemical burns and two other workers were severely exposed to the gases. • 1983-1984: There were leaks of MIC, chlorine, monomethylamine, phosgene, and carbon tetrachloride, sometimes in combination.
In early December 1984, most of the Bhopal plant's MIC related safety systems were not functioning and many valves and lines were in poor condition. In addition, several vent gas scrubbers had been out of service as well as the steam boiler, intended to clean the pipes. For the major maintenance work, the MIC production and Sevin were stalled in Bhopal plant since Oct. 22, 1984 and major regular maintenance was ordered to be done during the weekdays’ day shifts.
The Sevin plant, after having been shut down for some time, had been started up again during November but was still running at far below normal capacity. To make the pesticide, carbon tetrachloride is mixed with methyl isocyanate (MIC) and alpha-naphthol, a coffee-colored powder that smells like mothballs. The methyl isocyanate, or MIC, was stored in the three partly buried tanks, each with a 15,000-gallon capacity.
During the late evening hours of December 2, 1984, whilst trying to unclog, water was believed to have entered a side pipe and into Tank E610 containing 42 tons of MIC that had been there since late October. Introduction of water into the tank began a runaway exothermic reaction, which was accelerated by contaminants, high ambient temperatures and other factors, such as the presence of iron from corroding non-stainless steel pipelines.
A Three Hour Time Line of the Disaster
December 3, 1984 12:40 am: A worker, while investigating a leak, stood on a concrete slab above three large, partly buried storage tanks holding the chemical MIC. The slab suddenly began to vibrate beneath him and he witnessed at least a 6 inche thick crack on the slab and heard a loud hissing sound. As he prepared to escape from the leaking gas, he saw gas shoot out of a tall stack connected to the tank, forming a white cloud that drifted over the plant and toward nearby neighborhoods where thousands of residents were sleeping. In short span of time, the leak went out of control.
December 3, 1984 12:45 am: The workers were aware of the enormity of the accident. They began to panic both because of the choking fumes, they said, and because of their realization that things were out of control; the concrete over the tanks cracked as MIC turned from liquid to gas and shot out the stack, forming a white cloud. Part of it hung over the factory, the rest began to drift toward the sleeping neighborhoods nearby.
December 3, 1984 12:50 am: The public siren briefly sounded and was quickly turned off, as per company procedure meant to avoid alarming the public around the factory over tiny leaks. Workers, meanwhile, evacuated the UCIL plant. The control room operator then turned on the vent gas scrubber, a device designed to neutralize escaping toxic gas. The scrubber had been under maintenance; the flow meter indicated there was no caustic soda flowing into the device. It was not clear to him whether there was actually no caustic soda in the system or whether the meter was broken. Broken gauges were not unusual at the factory. In fact, the gas was not being neutralized but was shooting out the vent scrubber stack and settling over the plant. December 3, 1984 1: 15- 1:30 am: At Bhopal’s 1,200-bed Hamidia Hospital, the first patient with eye trouble reported. Within five minutes, there were a thousand patients. Calls to the UCIL plant by police were twice assured that "everything is OK", and on the last attempt made, "we don't know what has happened, sir". In the plant, meanwhile, MIC began to engulf the control room and the adjoining offices.
December 3, 1984 3:00 am: The factory manager, arrived at the plant and sent a man to tell the police about the accident because the phones were out of order. The police were not told earlier because the company management had an informal policy of not involving the local authorities in gas leaks. Meanwhile, people were dying by the hundreds outside the factory. Some died in their sleep. Others ran into the cloud, breathing in more and more gas and dropping dead in their tracks.
Immediate Consequences
With the lack of timely information exchange between Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) and Bhopal authorities, the city's Hamidia Hospital was first told that the gas leak was suspected to be ammonia, then phosgene. They were then told that it was methyl isocyanate (MIC), which hospital staff had never heard of, had no antidote for, and received no immediate information about. The gas cloud, composed mainly of materials denser than air, stayed close to the ground and spread in the southeasterly direction affecting the nearby communities. Most city residents who were exposed to the MIC gas were first made aware of the leak by exposure to the gas itself.
Subsequent Actions
Formal statements were issued that air, water, vegetation and foodstuffs were safe, but warned not to consume fish. The number of children exposed to the gases was at least 200,000. Within weeks, the State Government established a number of hospitals, clinics and mobile units in the gas-affected area to treat the victims.
Legal proceedings involving UCC, the United States and Indian governments, local Bhopal authorities, and the disaster victims started immediately after the catastrophe. The Indian Government passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Act in March 1985, allowing the Government of India to act as the legal representative for victims of the disaster, leading to the beginning of legal proceedings.
Initial lawsuits were generated in the United States federal court system in April 1985. Eventually, in an out-of-court settlement reached in February 1989, Union Carbide agreed to pay US$470 million for damages caused in the Bhopal disaster. The amount was immediately paid.
Post-settlement activity
UCC chairman and CEO Warren Anderson was arrested and released on bail by the Madhya Pradesh Police in Bhopal on 7 December 1984. Anderson was taken to UCC's house after which he was released six hours later on $2,100 bail and flown out on a government plane. Anderson, eight other executives and two company affiliates with homicide charges were required to appear in Indian court.
In response, Union Carbide said the company is not under Indian jurisdiction. In 1991, the local Bhopal authorities charged Anderson, who had retired in 1986, with manslaughter, a crime that carries a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison. He was declared a fugitive from justice by the Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal on 1 February 1992 for failing to appear at the court hearings in a culpable homicide case in which he was named the chief defendant. Orders were passed to the Government of India to press for an extradition from the United States. From 2014, Dow is a named respondent in a number of ongoing cases arising from Union Carbide’s business in Bhopal.
A US Federal class action litigation, Sahu v. Union Carbide and Warren Anderson, had been filed in 1999 under the U.S. Alien Torts Claims Act (ATCA), which provides for civil remedies for "crimes against humanity." It sought damages for personal injury, medical monitoring and injunctive relief in the form of clean-up of the drinking water supplies for residential areas near the Bhopal plant. The lawsuit was dismissed in 2012 and subsequent appeal denied. Anderson died in 2014.
Long-term Health Effects
A total of 36 wards were marked by the authorities as being "gas affected," affecting a population of 520,000. Of these, 200,000 were below 15 years of age, and 3,000 were pregnant women. The official immediate death toll was 2,259, and in 1991, 3,928 deaths had been officially certified. The government of Madhya Pradesh confirmed a total of 3,787 deaths related to the gas release. Later, the affected area was expanded to include 700,000 citizens. A government affidavit in 2006 stated the leak caused 558,125 injuries including 38,478 temporary partial injuries and approximately 3,900 severely and permanently disabling injuries.
Ethical Negligence
The Corporate Negligence Argument: This point of view argues that management (and to some extent, local government) underinvested in safety, which allowed for a dangerous working environment to develop.
Safety audits: In September 1984, an internal UCC report on the West Virginia plant in the USA revealed a number of defects and malfunctions. It warned that "a runaway reaction could occur in the MIC unit storage tanks, and that the planned response would not be timely or effective enough to prevent catastrophic failure of the tanks". This report was never forwarded to the Bhopal plant, although the main design was the same.
The Disgruntled Employee Sabotage Argument: Now owned by Dow Chemical Company, Union Carbide maintains a website dedicated to the tragedy and claims that the incident was the result of sabotage, stating that sufficient safety systems were in place and operative to prevent the intrusion of water.
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Bhopal memorial for those killed and disabled by the 1984 toxic gas release நாள் திசம்பர் 2, 1984 ( 1984-12-02 ) -3 திசம்பர் 1984 ( 1984-12-03 )
On the intervening night of December 2-3 1984, a highly unstable chemical, methyl isocyanate (MiC), an intermediary substance used to manufacture Sevin, a pesticide, leaked from tank 610 in the Union Carbide plant in Bhopal.
Chennai: "Dead bodies were piled up one on top of another like sacks of wheat," recounted 72-year-old Champa Devi Shukla, a survivor of the world's worst gas tragedy in Bhopal 40 years ago ...
Bhopal disaster, chemical leak in 1984 in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh state, India.At the time, it was called the worst industrial accident in history.. On December 3, 1984, about 45 tons of the dangerous gas methyl isocyanate escaped from an insecticide plant that was owned by the Indian subsidiary of the American firm Union Carbide Corporation. ...
The Bhopal disaster or Bhopal gas tragedy was a chemical accident on the night of 2-3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.In what is considered the world's worst industrial disaster, over 500,000 people in the small towns around the plant were exposed to the highly toxic gas methyl isocyanate (MIC).
Page 1 of 5. Case study for Bhopal Gas Tragedy. Amina Sharif. 19SCO3PH015. 1.0 Introduction: Bhopal disaster, chemical leak in 1984 in the city of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh state, India. At the time ...
In fact, the gas was not being neutralized but was shooting out the vent scrubber stack and settling over the plant. December 3, 1984 1: 15- 1:30 am: At Bhopal's 1,200-bed Hamidia Hospital, the first patient with eye trouble reported. Within five minutes, there were a thousand patients.
The main effects of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy are as follows: Thousands had died as a result of choking, pulmonary edema, and reflexogenic circulatory collapse. Neonatal death rates increased by 200 percent. A huge number of animal carcasses have been discovered in the area, indicating the impact on flora and animals.
Bhopal gas Tragedy: A safety case study. This report provides an overview of the Bhopal Gas disaster which occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide production plant in India in 1984. A large amount of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) was released from tank 610 within the facility, a failure of safety and alarm systems allowed the gas cloud spread and ...
JAPI 36, 1285-1296. Union Carbide Corporation (1985) Bhopal methyl isocyanate incident investigation team report. Union Carbide, Danbury, Connecticut. Vijayan VK, Pandey VP, Sankaran K, Mehrotra Y, Darbari BS, and Misra NP (1989) Bronchoalveolar lavage study in victims of toxic gas leak at Bhopal.
bhopal gas tragedy and legal developments m.p.venkateshwara perumal bc0160053 introduction bhopal gas tragedy is one of the biggest processes industry disaster ... Indian Contract Act summaries and case laws; Tndalu Study Material PDF intellectual property; Taxation Law - Lecture notes 4-7 ... Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University. Course ...
Yousuf S A. The document summarizes the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, one of the world's worst industrial disasters. On the night of December 2-3, 1984, a leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas from a pesticide plant owned by Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) resulted in extreme exposure and death for thousands of people in the surrounding area.
The Bhopal gas Tragedy: A safety case study Omar Basha Jawaher Alajmy Tahira Newaz. Outline •Introduction •Background •The leak •Bhopal: Investigations and Lessons •Observations from Bhopal •Conclusion •References. The Tragedy • On December 3 1984, Bhopal: MIC, a major component for the production of the pesticide Sevin escaped ...
Legal Consequences of Bhopal Gas Tragedy: The Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act, 1985: Soon after the man-disaster, noticing the multitude of the suits arising out of the incident, the Indian parliament has passed the Bhopal Gas Leak Disaster (Processing of Claims) Act on 29th March 1985. This Act confers the government to ...
Bhopal Gas Tragedy case study. The Bhopal gas tragedy was one of the worst industrial disasters, exposing over 500,000 people to toxic gas. On December 3, 1984, a leak of methyl isocyanate gas and other chemicals from the Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India exposed nearby residents. Over 20,000 people died in the initial aftermath ...
Case Study for Bhopal Gas Tragedy - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The document describes the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy in India, where a toxic gas leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant killed thousands. There had been prior warnings of safety issues at the plant from 1976 onward.
Metadata. This report provides an overview of the Bhopal Gas disaster which occurred at the Union Carbide pesticide production plant in India in 1984. A large amount of Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) was released from tank 610 within the facility, a failure of safety and alarm systems allowed the gas cloud spread and kill thousands of people resulting ...
The Bhopal Gas Tragedy case study - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred in 1984 when toxic gases leaked from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, exposing over 500,000 people. No warning was given and hospitals were unprepared to treat victims, who were blinded and breathless.
1. Introduction. On December 3 1984, in the city of Bhopal, a highly toxic cloud of methyl isocyanate(MIC) vapor burst from the Union Carbide pesticide plant. Of the 800,000 people living in Bhopal at the time, 2,000 died immediately, and as many as 300,000 were injured1.
Case Study for Bhopal Gas Tragedy - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site.
A monsoon outing turned tragic as 5 picnickers from Pune drowned at Bhushi Dam, Lonavala. Despite safety warnings, flash floods claimed lives. Read more for details and safety advisories.
Bhopal Gas Tragedy(Case Study) - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. The Bhopal gas tragedy was a chemical disaster that killed thousands of people in Bhopal, India in 1984. A leak of methyl isocyanate gas from a Union Carbide pesticide plant exposed over 500,000 people, resulting in over 20,000 deaths in the initial months.