situational theory of problem solving

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Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Problem Solving

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Jeong-Nam Kim, James E. Grunig, Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Problem Solving, Journal of Communication , Volume 61, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 120–149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01529.x

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This article introduces the situational theory of problem solving ( theory of problem solving ) as an extended and generalized version of the situational theory of publics ( theory of publics ). The theory of problem solving introduces a new concept, communicative action in problem solving, as its dependent variable. To explain communicative action, the theory of problem solving refines the independent variables of the theory of publics: problem recognition, constraint recognition, involvement recognition, and referent criterion. Finally, it introduces a new variable: situational motivation in problem solving. The new motivational variable mediates the effects of antecedent perceptual variables on communicative behavior. We report the supporting evidence for theoretical propositions of the new theory based on structural equation modeling (SEM) testing using survey data.

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The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS)

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This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) by discussing how it evolved from the central concept of publics in public relations and its predecessor, the situational theory of publics (STP). Both theories were proposed to guide public relations practice in identifying and segmenting publics by explaining the situational factors which motivate individuals to act for or against organizations. The chapter provides a summary of how STOPS has been applied to different disciplines including health communication, employee communication, government communication, public affairs, crisis communication, tourism, and disaster communication. It also offers insights into how STOPS can be applied in future research, especially in today’s post-truth society characterized by the rise of misinformation and the erosion of trust.

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The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): Past, present, and future

Tam, Lisa , Kim, Jeong-Nam , & Lee, Hyelim (2023) The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): Past, present, and future. In Pompper, Donnalyn , Place, Katie , & Weaver, C. Kay (Eds.) The Routledge Companion to Public Relations. Routledge, Abingdon, Oxon, pp. 115-124.

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Since the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) was first developed, the theory has been applied to examine publics’ behaviors in different contexts. The theory describes the nature of publics as problem solver. It helps understand when and how publics behave as communicative actors and why their ideas, interests and expectations should be considered in problem-solving process. It further helps understand why publics as problem solver demand inclusive organizational behavior such as two-way communication and communal relationship. This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of STOPS by discussing how it evolved from the central concept of publics in public relations and its predecessor, the Situational Theory of Publics (STP). It discusses some of the earliest conceptual and empirical research which stems from STOPS (“the past”). It provides a summary of how the theory has been applied to different disciplines including health communication, employee communication, government communication, public affairs, crisis communication, tourism, and disaster communication (“the present”). Lastly, it offers insights into how STOPS can be applied and advanced in future research, especially in today’s post-truth society characterized by the rise of misinformation and the erosion of trust (“the future”).

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Routledge Companions in Marketing, Advertising and Communication

Tam, Lisa Export: EndNote | Dublin Core | BibTeX Repository Staff Only: item control page Browse research TEQSA Provider ID: PRV12079 (Australian University) CRICOS No. 00213J ABN 83 791 724 622 Accessibility Right to Information DOI: 10.1111/J.1460-2466.2010.01529.X Corpus ID: 144035014 Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Problem Solving Jeong-Nam Kim , J. Grunig Published 1 February 2011 Journal of Communication 465 Citations Situational theory of problem solving (stops): a foundational theory of publics and it’s application in an eastern cultural context. Highly Influenced Reconceptualizing the Communicative Action of Publics: Acquisition, Selection, and Transmission of Information in Problematic Situations Publics and lay informatics: a review of the situational theory of problem solving, attempt to solving situational problem of alumni employability. 20 Excerpts Situation Complexity: Delineating Situational Factors affecting Individual Communicative Action in Problem Solving The impact of perceptual and situational factors on environmental communication: a study of citizen engagement in china, the relationship between communicative actions, behavioral intentions, and corporate reputation in the framework of situational theory of problem solving in a public health crisis. 10 Excerpts The situational self-orientation model of digital publics Spillover effects of a university crisis: a qualitative investigation using situational theory of problem solving, lost in informational paradise: cognitive arrest to epistemic inertia in problem solving, 56 references, the message-attitude-behavior relationship, classifying publics: communication behaviors and problem-solving characteristics in controversial issues, lay epistemics and human knowledge: cognitive and motivational bases, linking the heuristic-systematic model and depth of processing, communication and affective relations, self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change., all life is problem solving, the interpersonal communication motives model, motivational science : social and personality perspectives, the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion, related papers. Showing 1 through 3 of 0 Related Papers Browser Error Oh snap! This course has many interactive elements that don't work well on Internet Explorer or older versions of Firefox. Please use Google Chrome, Firefox version 61+, or Safari to complete this training. This training is also optimized for mobile devices. You must log in to view this course. Communicant Activeness, Cognitive Entrepreneurship, and A Situational Theory of Problem Solving Publication or External Link This dissertation presents a situational theory of problem solving that highlights distinctive communicative and cognitive features in human problem solving. Its purpose is to provide a simple and useful, but not atheoretical, account of communication behavior and the cognitive approaches that we adopt during problematic situations. In the conceptualization, I introduce a new concept, communicant activeness in problem solving (CAPS), which has three domains in communicant activeness to explain not only when people voluntarily learn and share information but also how they choose certain information as more relevant than other information. The three domains are information selection (information forefending and information permitting), information transmission (information forwarding and information sharing), and information acquisition (information seeking and information processing). I then use the focal construct, communicant activeness in problem solving, as a dependent variable in the new situational theory of problem solving. I also propose another new concept, cognitive entrepreneurship in problem solving (CEPS). It describes cognitive strategies that we take to reason about a solution in some problematic situations. Depending on the situation, we adopt a more or less entrepreneurial mindset. This construct contains four distinct but correlated dimensions: cognitive retrogression, cognitive multilateralism, cognitive commitment, and cognitive suspension. For conceptual convenience, I named the more entrepreneurial approach the cognitive alpha strategy and the less entrepreneurial approach the cognitive omega strategy. The construct of cognitive entrepreneurship becomes another dependent variable to be accounted for by the independent variables in the situational theory. To explain the cognitive and communicative dependent variables in problem solving, I use four situational antecedent conditions from the situational theory of publics: problem recognition, constraint recognition, level of involvement, and referent criterion (J. Grunig, 1968, 1997). I refine these antecedent concepts to accommodate several conceptual issues found from the past research of the situational theory of publics (e.g., the multicollinearity issue among independent variables). I also introduce the concept of situational motivation in problem solving that explains motivational effects on subsequent cognitive approaches and communicative behaviors. These revised situational antecedent variables jointly explain 1) how and why people communicate and 2) how people use unique cognitive strategies when they approach problem resolution. I called this emerging theory the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS). This dissertation elaborates 1) a conceptual model of communicant activeness in problem solving; 2) another conceptual model of cognitive entrepreneurship in problem solving; 3) a situational and motivational account for when, why, and how people communicate and are cognitively unique in a problematic situation. It then empirically tests a set of hypotheses and propositions that pertain to new concepts and the situational theory of problem solving. This dissertation advances conceptual understanding about how communication behavior and cognitive approaches affect our problem-solving efforts (descriptive theory building). It also contributes to finding a way to improve our adaptability in dealing with life problems (normative theory building). The new concepts and theory, CAPS, CEPS, and STOPS, offer some solutions for theoretical and practical problems in communication and several communication subfields. URI (handle) Collections. 490 IMAGES The situational theory of problem solving (PDF) Situational Theory of Problem Solving -- Working Measures Situational theory of problem solving Conceptualization of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS Situational theory of problem solving Situational theory of problem solving. (Figure available in color VIDEO Situational Theory of Problem Solving Edited Situational Theory of Publics Situational Theory of Leadership #leadershiptheories /School Management Situational Problem 2 #lawofevidence #mumbaiuniversityexams #evidencelaw #llbsem6 #lawexams #lawyer UTS TEORI PR SOLVING SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS COMMENTS Situational theory of problem solving The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was proposed by Jeong-Nam Kim and James E. Grunig in 2011 though their article "problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of problem solving.". The theory was developed from the situational theory of publics (STP) and claimed it is "an extended and generalized version ... (PDF) Situational theory of problem solving The Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) is a theory of communication developed to explain . people's motivated communicative actions when they encounter problematic life situations ... Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Finally, it introduces a new variable: situational motivation in problem solving. The new motivational variable mediates the effects of antecedent perceptual variables on communicative behavior. We report the supporting evidence for theoretical propositions of the new theory based on structural equation modeling (SEM) testing using survey data. Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was first published as a generalized problem-solving theory. It inherited and re-explicated key elements of the situational theory of publics (STP), which conceptualized how and why people do and do not communicate. Both theories were founded on the same assumption: Instead of focusing on how ... Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of Abstract. This article introduces the situational theory of problem solving (theory of problem solving) as an extended and generalized version of the situational theory of publics (theory of publics).The theory of problem solving introduces a new concept, communicative action in problem solving, as its dependent variable. (PDF) Situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): A foundational The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was first published in 2011 as a generalized extension of the situational theory of publics (STP) (J.-N. Kim & Grunig, 2011). Situational Theory of Problem Solving -- Working Measures The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), an extension of the STP, is a more general theory of communication that looks at antecedents of individuals' communication and information ... The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) ABSTRACT. This chapter reviews the theoretical origins of the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) by discussing how it evolved from the central concept of publics in public relations and its predecessor, the situational theory of publics (STP). Both theories were proposed to guide public relations practice in identifying and ... Publics and Lay Informatics: A Review of the Situational Theory of The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS), an extension of the STP, is a more general theory of communication that looks at antecedents of individuals' communication and information behaviors in the process of problem solving. This chapter reviews and explicates the differences and similarities between the two theories, their ... Theory of Problem Solving The problem solving is a personal and aimed process. That means that the activities done by an individual during the problem solving process are led to his/her personal aim (Mayer and Wittrock, 2006). An individual has to identify the problem first and then seek for possible solutions (Mayer and Wittrock, 2006). Situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): A foundational theory of A chapter from a book on public relations theory that introduces and synthesizes STOPS, a theory of how and why people act for or against organizations. STOPS is based on the situational theory of publics (STP) and has been applied in public relations research and practice. Problem solving and communicative action: A situational theory of This article introduces the situational theory of problem solving (theory of problem solving) as an extended and generalized version of the situational theory of publics (theory of publics). The theory of problem solving introduces a new concept, communicative action in problem solving, as its dependent variable. To explain communicative action, the theory of problem solving refines the ... The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): Past, present ... Since the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) was first developed, the theory has been applied to examine publics' behaviors in different contexts. The theory describes the nature of publics as problem solver. It helps understand when and how publics behave as communicative actors and why their ideas, interests and expectations ... (PDF) The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS): Past, present The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) was first published in 2011 as a generalized extension of the situational theory of publics (STP) (J.-N. Kim & Grunig, 2011). STP, which was first ... Applying Situational Theory of Problem Solving in Cancer Information Abstract. Informed by the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS), this study used data from the Health Information National Trends Survey, a large and representative national sample, to examine predictors of information seeking and information accessing of health information, including cancer-related information. Identifying Active Hot-Issue Communicators and Subgroup Identifiers: This study used the situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) to investigate communication behaviors of publics formed around an intensively publicized policy issue. Results of surveying 748 participants online support the utility of STOPS to segment the hot-issue public with active communication from the general population in a Chinese ... Running head: A SITUATIONAL THEORY OF PROBLEM SOLVING The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) is an extended and generalized version of the situational Theory of publics (STP), which was introduced by J. E. Grunig in 1966 as a theory of information seeking in economic decision making and has been used extensively in public relations research and practice since then. The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) is an extended and ... Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of The situational theory of problem solving is introduced as an extended and generalized version of the situational theoryof publics (theory of publics), which introduces a new concept, communicative action in problem solving, as its dependent variable. This article introduces the situational theory of problem solving (theory of problem solving ... What Makes People Hot? Applying the Situational Theory of Problem Abstract. Using a controversial issue that has drawn massive media coverage in South Korea, the government decision to resume imports of US beef, this study tested the applicability of the Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) to the rise of a hot-issue public. A survey of 300 respondents explored the perceptual, cognitive, and motivational antecedents of active information behaviors. Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) Systems Theory. Ethical Segmentation of Publics and Relationship Building in the Global Context. Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STOPS) Conclusion. Case Study 1: Reckitt Benckiser's Chronic Crisis in South Korea. Case Study 2: Foxconn's employee suicide crisis in 2010. Lesson 2 Assessment. The Page Center is strengthening the role of ... Problem Solving and Communicative Action: A Situational Theory of The situational theory of problem solving (STOPS) is an extended and generalized version of the situational theory of publics [27]. STOPS, proposed by Kim and Grunig [27], is a communication ... Communicant Activeness, Cognitive Entrepreneurship, and A Situational This dissertation presents a situational theory of problem solving that highlights distinctive communicative and cognitive features in human problem solving. Its purpose is to provide a simple and useful, but not atheoretical, account of communication behavior and the cognitive approaches that we adopt during problematic situations. In the conceptualization, I introduce a new concept ... case study cover letter presentation problem solving rewiew prompts websites tips