year 4 problem solving and reasoning questions

Reasoning/Problem Solving Maths Worksheets for Year 4 (age 8-9)

This category is all about children choosing the most appropriate method to achieve a quick and accurate answer and to be able to explain their methods and reasoning.

Problem solving: finding the missing digits in 4-digit numbers. Tricky!

Problem solving: finding the values of missing counters. Logical thinking and careful work needed here!

Reasoning about numbers on a number line and rounding numbers.

More reasoning about number and place value.

Not only do the questions have to be answered, but explanations given. These pages really show how well children understand what they are doing.

More written explanations on which operation to use and whether the question should be done mentally or on paper.

Lots of questions, most of which can be done mentally. The important thing is to explain how they were tackled.

Decide which operation is needed (add, subtract, multiply, divide) and whether a calculator, or pencil and paper are needed, or whether it can be done, 'in your head'.

Solving problems

A selection of problem solving activities and word problems.

Here are some problems written in words. Fairly straightforward as they require just one mathematical step to work out the answer

Some word problems that need at least two steps to find the answer. This makes them much harder, so careful thinking is needed.

5 pages of word problems, all involving money. Some are suitable for calculator work as they are specially written to make the process the most important factor: it is no use having a calculator if you don't know what calculation to carry out!

A range of number and money problems, typical of those found in KS2 test papers.

More number and money problems, typical of those found in KS2 test papers.

Tricky word problems involving time and money.

More word problems; this time on measurement of length, mass and capacity. These really test children's understanding of when to use addition, subtraction, multiplication or division to solve a problem.

Time problems are especially tricky, especially when finding lengths of time that cross the hour boundary. A good knowledge of the number of days in each month is also needed.

Not many problems on a page, but there is an awful lot within each question. Each is a mini investigation, which can be explored in depth.

Number patterns, remainders, number machines and much more in this mixed selection of problems.

Working out the missing value.

More working out missing values.

Using the instructions on the packet what is the maximum number of bulbs that can be grown in the garden?

Using the instructions on the packet what is the maximum number of seeds that can be sown in the garden?

Using the instructions on the packet what is the maximum number of vegetables that can be grown in the garden?

An addition challenge suitable for year 4 on.

The fish are all called numbers. Can you work out their names by solving the clues?

Investigations

More open ended activities where children choose the approach to the task.

Making rules for sequences is an early step towards understanding algebra, and an important part of Year 5 maths. More 'How would you...?' type questions as well.

How many different three course meals can Sam choose?

Investigate patterns made by placing consecutive numbers in a number square.

A great little investigation which has plenty of extension possibilities.

Fun addition investigation using the date: 22.02.2022.

Some thoughts on how important this area of maths is.

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Year 4 Maths Problems

Subject: Mathematics

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Worksheet/Activity

Last updated

22 February 2018

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A range of Maths resources including fully planned and resourced lessons that can all be used in Years 5 and 6.

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20 Word Problems For Year 4: Develop Their Problem Solving Skills Across Single and Mixed KS2 Topics

Emma Johnson

Word problems for Year 4 play an important role in Year 4 maths. In Year 4, the main focus is to ensure that pupils are becoming more fluent with whole numbers and the four operations. Students work to develop efficient written methods and to be accurate with their calculations. Pupils in Year 4 are exposed to a wider range of problem-solving questions and progress from one to two-step problems.

It is important that all children are given regular opportunities to access reasoning and word problem style questions. Fluency, reasoning and problem solving should be intertwined through every lesson, with all children having the opportunity to tackle each of these question types. 

All Kinds of Word Problems Multiplication

Strengthen your students' problem solving and multiplication skills with this pack of multiplication word problems

Place value 

Addition and subtraction , multiplication and division, fractions, decimals and percentages, measurement, why are word problems important in year 4 maths, how to teach problem solving in year 4, addition word problems for year 4, subtraction word problems for year 4, multiplication word problems for year 4, division word problems for year 4, fraction and decimal word problems in year 4, time word problems in year 4, multi-step word problems in year 4., more primary word problems resources.

There can sometimes be a tendency for reasoning and problem solving questions to be treated as extension activities for only the higher attaining pupils to attempt, but children of all abilities need to be accessing them on a regular basis.

To help you with this, we have put together a collection of 20 word problems aimed at Year 4 pupils. For more Year 4 maths resources, take a look at our collection of Year 4 maths worksheets .

Year 4 Maths Word Problems in the National Curriculum

In Year 4, pupils progress from solving one-step problems, to also being exposed to two-step problems across a range of topics, as set out in the National Curriculum.

Solve word problems involving counting in multiples of 6,7,9, 25 and 100; finding 1000 more or less than a given number; counting backwards through 0 to include negative numbers; ordering and comparing numbers beyond 1000 and rounding numbers to the nearest 10. 100 and 1000

Solve addition and subtraction word problems with up to 4 digits, including two-step word problems, deciding which operations and methods to use and why.

Solve problems involving multiplying and adding, including using the distributive law to multiply two-digit numbers by 1 digit, integer scaling problems and harder correspondence problems.

Solve problems involving increasingly harder fractions word problems to calculate quantities, and fractions to divide quantities, including non-unit fractions where the answer is a whole number. Also Solve simple measure and money problems involving fractions and decimals to 2 decimal places.

Solve problems involving converting from hours to minutes, minutes to seconds, years to months, weeks to days.

Solve comparison, sum and difference problems using information presented in bar charts, pictograms, tables and other graphs.

Word problems are increasingly important as pupils move through Key Stage 2. As they become more confident with some of the core concepts pupils need to be applying this knowledge to a range of situations. By the end of Year 4, pupils should have memorised their multiplication tables up to and including the 12 times table and should be showing precision and fluency in their work.

Word problems in Year 4 should be fun and engaging for students. There are many ways to do this, including:

• acting out the problem;
• using manipulatives and visual images to help children understand the maths within the problem;
• use of talk partners to encourage children to discuss the question and share strategies for reaching a solution;
• using relatable problem solving situations.

Children need to be encouraged to read word problem questions carefully, to ensure they have identified the key information needed to be able to solve the problem. Pupils need to think about what they already know and how that information can help them to answer the question. They should also be encouraged to draw pictures and visual images, where appropriate, to help them to understand what the question is asking.

Here is an example:

A shop has an 8m roll of fabric.

The first customer buys 125cm of fabric and the second customer buys 3m from the same roll.

How much fabric is left on the roll, once the two customers have taken theirs?

How to solve:

What do you already know?

• The amount the first customer buys is given in cm, the amount the second customer buys is given in m. These needed to be converted to the same unit.
• Pupils in Year 4 need to be able to convert cm to m and vice versa. In this question, both the cm can be given as m or the m changed to cm to solve it.
• Once the units are the same, the two amounts need to be added together, to work out the total amount bought by the two customers.
• We can see this is a two-step question. To calculate how much fabric is left on the roll, the total amount bought by the two customers needs to be subtracted from the initial amount of fabric on the roll.

How can this be drawn/represented pictorially?

We can draw a bar model to represent this problem:

• To calculate the total amount of fabric bought, we need the units to be the same. We can either calculate in cm (300cm + 125cm = 425cm) or in m (3m + 1.25m = 4.25m)
• The amount of material bought needs to be subtracted from the original amount. This can again be solved in m or cm. Either in m: 8m – 4.25m = 3.75m or in cm: 800cm – 425cm = 375cm
• The total amount of material left is 3.75m or 375cm

In Year 4, addition word problems involve questions up to 4-digit numbers. They can include one and two-step addition and incorporate a range of concepts, such as measures and money word problems  

Addition question 1

It is 4164 miles to travel from London to Doha and 3266 miles to travel from Doha to Bangkok.

How far is it to travel from London to Bangkok, if the flight stops in Doha first?

Answer (1 mark): 7430 miles

Addition question 2

Fill in the missing numbers in this calculation.

Answer (1 mark): 6840

Addition question 3

On Saturday, 5486 fans attended a football game and 3748 fans attended a rugby game.

How many fans watched the two games in total?

Answer (1 mark): 9234

Subtraction word problems in Year 4, also involve numbers up to 4-digits, including both one and two-step problems, covering a range of concepts. By this stage, children should be confident in estimating and using the inverse, to check calculations.

Subtraction question 1

3241 people visited the zoo on Saturday.

On Sunday 2876 people visited.

How many more people visited the lake on Saturday than on Sunday?

Answer (1 mark): 365

 3241 – 2876 = 365

Subtraction question 2

 A teacher prints out 1242 worksheets in a term.

If 435 were maths worksheets, how many did she print out for the other subjects?

Answer (1 mark): 807

Subtraction question 3

The temperature in Toronto dropped to minus 15 degrees celcius in December. 

In July the temperature was 47 degrees celsius warmer than it was in December. What was the temperature in July? 

Answer (1 mark): 32 degrees warmer

47 – 15 degrees = 32 degrees celsius

Counting on 47 degrees from minus 15 degrees  = 32 degrees celsius

In Year 4, multiplication word problems can include recalling facts for times tables up to 12 x 12 and multiplying two and three-digit numbers by a 1-digit number, using formal written layout.  

Multiplication question 1

All the pupils in Year 4 complete a mental maths test.

27 pupils score 9 marks out of 10.

What is the total number of marks scored by the 27 pupils?

Answer (1 mark): 243

27 x 9 = 243

Multiplication question 2

Year 3 and 4 children from a local primary school go on a school trip. 

Six mini buses are used to transport the children.

 There are 17 children on each minibus.

How many children go on the school trip?

Answer (1 mark): 102

17 x 6 = 102 children

Multiplication question 3

Biscuits come in packs of 18.

Mrs Smith buys 8 packs for the parents at the Y4 maths workshop.

How many biscuits does she buy altogether?

Answer (1 mark): 144 biscuits

Division word problems in year 4 require pupils to be able to recall division facts for multiplication tables up to 12 x 12. Formal written method of division isn’t a requirement until Year 5 however, many schools choose to teach the formal method in Year 4. Pupils need to understand the concept of grouping and sharing and to understand the link between multiplication & division.

Division question 1

Sam has 28 friends coming to his birthday party.

Each child will receive a cupcake, which come in packs of 4.

How many packs of cupcakes will Sam need to buy?

Answer (1 mark): 7 packs

28 ÷ 4 = 7 

Division question 2

4 children raised £96 between them on a sponsored walk.

If they split the money evenly between the four of them, how much did each pupil raise?

Answer (1 mark): £24 each

96 ÷ 4 = 24

Division question 3

Ahmed is thinking of a number

He says, ‘when I divide my number by 12, the answer is 108.

What number was Ahmed thinking of?

Answer (1 mark): 9

108 ÷ 12 = 9

In Year 4, decimal and fraction problems involve increasingly harder fractions to calculate quantities and fractions to divide quantities, including non-unit fractions, where the answer is a whole number. Decimal word problems include measure and money problems involving fractions and decimals up to 2 decimal places.

Fraction and decimal question 1

Jamie has 18 sweets. 

He gives \frac{1}{6} of the sweets to his friend and keeps the rest himself.

How many sweets does Jamie have now?

Answer (1 mark): 15 sweets

\frac{1}{6} of 18 = 3

18 – 3 = 15

Fraction and decimal question 2

Jaxon collected 36 conkers. 

\frac{1}{4} of the conkers fell out of a hole in his bag, when he was walking home.

How many conkers did Jaxon have left, when he got home?

\frac{1}{4} of 36 = 9

36 – 9 = 37      or      \frac{3}{4} of 36 = 29 (3 x 9)

Fraction and decimal question 3

Sara ate \frac{3}{12} of a chocolate bar and gave \frac{2}{12} to her friend.

What fraction of the chocolate bar did she have left? 

 Answer (1 mark): \frac{7}{12}

In Year 4, time word problems include: converting from hours to minutes, minutes to seconds, years to months and weeks to days.

Time question 1 

A cake was put in the oven at 4:35pm and taken out at 4:57pm.

How long was the cake in the oven?

Answer (1 mark): 22 minutes

57-35 = 22 minutes

Using an number line: 

Time question 2

It took Evie 25 minutes to complete a page of number problems. 

If she started at 2:45pm. What time did she finish?

Answer (1 mark): 3:10pm

In Year 4, children are introduced to multi-step word problems requiring up to two steps. These problems cover a range of concepts, including the four operations, fractions, decimals and measures.

Third Space Learning’s online one-to-one tutoring frequently incorporates multi-step questions to test students’ knowledge and problem solving skills. Our personalised tutoring programme works to identify gaps in students’ learning, fill those gaps, reinforce students’ knowledge and build confidence.

Multi-step question 1

There are 6 handwriting pens in each pack.

A class has 30 children and each child needs 2 handwriting pens.

How many packs will the teacher need to buy?

Answer (2 marks): 10 packs of handwriting pens.

30 x 2 = 60

Multi-step question 2

 Sophie has £4.50.

She buy 3 books at a carboot sale, costing 50p, 65p and £1.20.

How much money does she have left?

Answer (2 marks): £2.15 left

Multi-step question 3

Abullah is thinking of a number.

He doubles the number and adds 7.

He gets an answer of 25. 

What was his original number?

Answer (2 marks): 9

Third Space Learning offers word problems for all primary year groups. Take a look at our word problems for year 3 , word problems for year 5 and word problems for year 6 . Our word problems span a range of topics such as ratio word problems and percentage word problems .

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