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MLA Citation Examples

Welcome to the EasyBib MLA Citation Guide! If you’ve landed on this page, you’re probably wondering what MLA citing is, or perhaps you need help creating an MLA citation or two. This page is fully stocked with the information you need to be an MLA citing machine.

While EasyBib isn’t officially affiliated with the Modern Language Association, we’ve included page numbers throughout this guide to demonstrate that the information on this page reflects the content from the official Handbook . Click here to learn more about the 9th edition of the handbook.

If you’re wondering, “What is MLA?” and are in need of some background information on the organization, take a peek at the Modern Language Association ’s site. You’ll find tons of handy information related to referencing and writing mechanics. 

Here’s a run-through of everything this page includes:

What’s an MLA citation?

• 3 or more authors

Organization authors

Using the EasyBib MLA Citation Generator

• Edited book
• Chapter in an edited book
• E-book from the Internet
• Online journal article
• Print journal article
• Online magazine
• Print magazine
• Online newspaper
• Print newspaper
• Online image
• Print image
• Images viewed in real life
• Online video
• Streamed show
• Streamed music
• Sheet music
• Social media examples

Any time a piece of information from another source is added into your MLA style paper, you must create two citations, or references, to show the reader where the information originated. One reference is placed in the written text of the paper, and the other is placed at the end of the project.

The reference that is placed in the written text of the paper, called an in-text citation , comes immediately next to any borrowed information. It provides a glimpse for the reader to see who the original author is and where the information was found. When creating in-text citations, it’s also important to know how to format page numbers in MLA .

Here’s an MLA example:

Lark knows how to handle life on the river: “I try to count the seconds before I hear the thunder, so I know how far the storm is, but I’m too rattled” (Wingate 12).

Check out the full EasyBib MLA in-text & parenthetical citations guide to learn more about styling these types of references.

The other type of reference, which we’ll call a full reference , is placed at the end of the project. It includes enough information about the source so the reader can locate the source themselves, if they choose to do so, whether online or at their library.

Here’s the full reference, which corresponds to the in-text citation above:

Wingate, Lisa. Before We Were Yours . Random House, 2017.

Notice that the beginning of the reference in the text, Wingate, corresponds with the first word in the full reference. This is very important! It allows for the reader to find the full reference on the MLA works cited page.

Wondering if you can create MLA footnotes instead? You sure can! However, in this style, it’s more common to use references in the text of your paper.

If it’s help with an APA in-text citation or APA parenthetical citation you’re after, you’re in luck! Our comprehensive guides are here for you!

Various types of styles

There are many different ways to style references, and following MLA’s guidelines are just one way to do so. Two other well-known and popular styles to structure references include APA and Chicago.

Your teacher probably told you which style to create your references in. If you were told to use a different style, such as APA or Chicago, here are some links to help you get started.

The EasyBib APA citations guide has everything you need to learn how to create references in this style. Or, if you’re looking for help with structuring the paper itself (spacing, font, margins, etc.), check out the EasyBib APA format page. If you need help with more styles , EasyBib always has your back, with thousands of styles available!

A Standard Formula

The great thing about MLA citations is that full references follow one standard formula. So, it doesn’t matter if you’re attempting to reference a book, newspaper article, or Facebook post, as almost every source type is structured the same way, following an MLA template.

Here’s a step-by-step guide that gives you the key to the secret sauce:

1. Who created the source?

Is your source written or created by an individual? If yes, place their name in reverse order, with a period at the end, like this:

Jackson, Michael.

If there are multiple individuals responsible for the work, place them in the order they’re shown on the source

Two Authors

Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name.

Owens, Michael, and Scott Abrahams.

Three or More Authors

According to page 112 of the Handbook , only include the first listed author’s name, in reverse order, followed by a comma, and omit all other names. Replace the additional names with the Latin phrase, et al.

Last Name, First Name, et al.

Preston, Rebekah, et al.

If an organization is responsible for the work, you may include the organization’s name. However, in many cases, an organization is listed as BOTH the author and publisher. When this is the case, you can leave the author out, start the citation with the source’s title, and include the organization name only as the publisher.

Dinosaur Facts . American Museum of Natural History, www.amnh.org/dinosaurs/dinosaur-facts.

2. What’s the title?

Sometimes there are two titles related to your source, and sometimes there’s only one.

If the source you’re referencing has two title parts, place the smaller part in quotation marks, followed by a period, and the larger part in italics, followed by a comma.

Think about the song, “Beat It,” by Michael Jackson. “Beat It” is the title of the song, but there’s another title too. The title of the album! The title of the album is Thriller.

Here’s how the two titles would be structured:

“Beat It.” Thriller ,

The album, Thriller , serves as the “container” for the song itself.

The term “ container ” is used extensively throughout the official guide. In addition to songs and albums, other types of titles and their containers can include:

• “Web Page Articles.” Websites ,
• “Book Chapters.” Titles of Books ,
• “Journal Articles.” Titles of Journals ,

…plus many more!

To make things even more interesting, there are times when there’s more than one container! Think about an episode of a television show. The television series is the first container, but if you watched it on a streaming site, the streaming site would be the second container.

If there are two containers , the second one is added at the end of the reference.

“The Miseducation of Lisa Simpson.” Performances by John Legend, Chrissy Teigen, and Zach Woods. The Simpsons , season 31, episode 12, Fox Broadcasting, 16 Feb. 2020. Hulu , www.hulu.com/simpsons/miseducation.

Let’s break that down:

• Container 2 : Hulu

There are times when two titles aren’t included in a reference. If, instead of referencing the song “Beat It,” you’re referencing the entire album, exclude the quotation marks. Only include the one title and place it in italics, without quotation marks.

Here’s how you would reference the entire album, rather than one song on the album:

Jackson, Michael. Thriller . Produced by Quincy Jones, Westlake Recording Studios, 1982.

For more on titles and containers, head to pages 134-145 of the official Handbook .

If you decide to use EasyBibs citation generator MLA creator, we’ll help you structure the titles and containers in just a few clicks!

3. Any other contributors?

If there are any other people, besides the author, who had a significant role, and you feel it would be helpful to include their name in the reference, this information is added after the title. Include their role and name in standard order, followed by a comma.

Produced by Quincy Jones,

For other types of sources, there may be other roles and individuals to highlight. Here are a few examples:

• Performance by Sid Caesar,
• Translated by Sarah Martin,
• Narrated by Rita Williams-Garcia,

4. Are you referencing a specific version?

Perhaps there is a specific edition of a book, song version, or movie cut. Include this information next, followed by a comma.

Google Play Exclusive Edition,

Other examples could include:

• Director’s cut,
• Unedited ed.,
• Instrumental version,

5. Got numbers?

Any numbers associated with the source, such as a volume and issue number, or episode number, are added next, followed by a comma.

For example, many journal articles have volume and issue numbers. Use vol. before the volume number and no. before the issue number.

vol. 2, no. 3,

Wondering what to exclude from your citations MLA paper? ISBN numbers! They’re never added into references.

6. Who published the source?

This information is added next in the reference, followed by a comma. Since the publisher listed is usually the formal name of a company or organization, use title case.

Random House,

Marvel Studios,

7. When was it published?

The date the source was published comes next, followed by a comma.

In the official Handbook , the references are displayed as Day Month Year. If the month is longer than 4 letters, abbreviate it.

4 Nov. 2019,

28 July 2015,

If you can’t find the source date, simply leave it out. Note: Some teachers want students to make a source with “no date” as “n.d.” If you’re unsure what your teacher wants, check in with them.

8. Where can you find the source?

The final component of the formula is the location.

• If the source was found online, this should be a website address. Make sure to omit https:// from the front of the string.
• It can be an actual location too, if the source is something you saw in a museum or elsewhere in real life.
• Or, it can also be a page number or page range.
• Always close out the reference with a period.

Now, let’s put all of the pieces together. Here’s what we come up with for our MLA citation example:

Jackson, Michael. “Beat It.” Thriller , produced by Quincy Jones, Google Play Exclusive Edition, Epic, 1982, play.google.com/store/music/album/Thriller?id=Bzs3hkvcyvinz5tkilucmmoqjhi&hl=en_US.

Example breakdown:

Some things to keep in mind:

1. It’s not necessary to include every piece to the puzzle. Only include the information that the reader would need in order to successfully locate the source themselves.

For example, in the Thriller example above, you’ll see there aren’t any specific numbers (besides the publication date) in the reference. Why? There aren’t any numbers associated with the source.

2. If you’re looking for help, the EasyBib MLA citation creator helps you develop your references. Give it a whirl! It’s free and easy to use! Nervous to try it out? Here’s a quick rundown on how to use it.

Reserve the precious time you have for researching and writing, rather than wrapping your head around MLA guidelines, rules, and structures. The EasyBib citing tool is here to help you easily create citations for all your papers and turn you into a citing, MLA machine!

Follow these steps:

• Find your source. We have over 50 types of sources to choose from.
• Our automatic generator (shown below) creates references using source data already available on the Internet. Simply type in a few key pieces of information about the source and click “Search.”
• Our manual form creates your references based on the information you enter. Fill out the form and click “Complete Citation.”
• The easy-to-follow directions guide you through the remainder of the process. Follow the steps on the screen and watch the magic happen in a few clicks and keystrokes!
• Copy and paste your completed reference into your project or export it to your document.

The EasyBib MLA format generator isn’t all that’s available. There are also tons of other nifty features, all available on our homepage, including an MLA title page maker and an innovative plagiarism checker ! That’s not all, there are many other thorough guides to help you with your referencing needs. Check out the EasyBib APA reference page , plus many more!

MLA citing is easier when you have visuals and examples to take a peek at. That’s why we’ve put together a list of the most common source types that students and scholars reference. If you’re trying to reference a book, newspaper article, website, or tweet, you’ll find the structures you need to get on the right track.

Pro tip: Don’t leave your references for the last minute! In your MLA outline or notes, keep track of the sources you use. This will help make the entire process easier for you! Some instructors may even have you complete an MLA annotated bibliography before writing your paper so that you can cite, organize, and become familiar with your sources in advance.

Below are examples for these sources:

If, instead, you need help with referencing an APA book citation , the linked guide walks you through the process!

EDITED BOOK

This information is located on page 112-113 of the official Handbook .

CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

E-book from the internet.

If you’re attempting to reference an e-book from an e-reader, such as a Nook or Kindle, use the EasyBib MLA citation generator. We’ll help you structure your e-book references in no time!

If you need more information on how to cite websites in MLA , check out the full-length EasyBib guide! Or, take the guesswork out of forming your references and try the EasyBib automatic MLA citation machine!

Need an APA citation website or help with another popular referencing style? EasyBib Plus may be exactly what you need.

ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE

To see an online journal example in action, check out the EasyBib MLA sample paper, which is discussed at the bottom of this guide. Also, don’t forget about the easy-to-use, EasyBib automatic generator. Stop typing into Google “citation maker MLA” and go to EasyBib.com instead!

PRINT JOURNAL ARTICLE

If it’s referencing an APA journal you’re after, click on the link for the informative EasyBib guide on the topic.

If you’re looking for an MLA citation maker to help you build your bibliography, try out the EasyBib MLA generator. Type in a few key pieces of information about your source and watch the magic happen!

ONLINE MAGAZINE

*In the above example, Natarajan’s article only sits on one page, so it’s unnecessary to include the page number in the reference in the text.

PRINT MAGAZINE

Print magazines are always fun to read, but know what else is a party? Brushing up on your grammar skills! Check out the thorough EasyBib grammar guides on adverb , determiner , and preposition pages!

ONLINE NEWSPAPER

*You do not need to include the city name in your citation if the city name is in the name of the newspaper or if it is a national or international newspaper.

**Since the above article is only on one page, it’s not necessary to include the page number in the text reference of your MLA style citation.

Need help? Use the EasyBib MLA citation machine, which guides you through the process of making newspaper references! Quit searching on Google for “how to MLA citation” and visit  EasyBib.com today!

PRINT NEWSPAPER

If your periodical article falls on nonconsecutive page numbers, add a plus sign after the first page number and omit the additional pages from any full references. Example: pp. B1+ (This information is located on page 193 in the official Handbook ). Don’t forget, the EasyBib citation machine MLA creator can help you structure all your citation information!

ONLINE IMAGE

If you’re still confused about referencing online images, give the EasyBib MLA format generator a whirl. In just a few clicks, you’ll have well-structured MLA citations!

PRINT IMAGE

If you’re looking to reference an image seen in a print book, use the structure below. Or, use the “Cartoon,” “Photo,” “Painting,” or “Map” forms found on the EasyBib MLA generator for citations.

In need of a citation machine MLA maker to help save some of your precious time? Try EasyBib’s generator. Head to the EasyBib homepage and start developing your references today!

IMAGE VIEWED IN REAL LIFE

If you viewed an image in real life, whether at a museum, on display in a building, or even on a billboard, this EasyBib MLA citation guide example includes the most common way to reference it.

ONLINE VIDEO

For the majority of online video references, the reference should start with the title of the video. The information about the account that uploaded the video should be included in the “Other Contributors” space.

For more on learning how to cite MLA timestamps, turn to page 250 in the official Handbook .

It’s common to see online videos featured in an annotated bibliography . Have a look at the useful guide to learn how to create one from scratch!

STREAMED SHOW

Streamed shows (sometimes called online or streamed “television shows”) are watched using a service such as Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, or another subscription streaming site.

If you accessed a streamed show through an app, the name of the app can be displayed at the end of the citation as “[ Name of Service ] app” instead of including the URL.

After you’re through binging on your favorite shows, give yourself some brain fuel by taking a glance at the EasyBib grammar guides. Take your writing up a notch with the guides on interjection , conjunction , and verb pages!

STREAMED MUSIC

*If you accessed a streamed song through an app, the name of the app can be displayed at the end of the citation as “[ Name of Service ] app” instead of including the URL.

Streamed music can be tricky to reference, especially with the wide variety of streaming services available on the web and through apps. Don’t worry, the EasyBib MLA citation maker can come in and save the day for you. Try it out now! To make it even easier, bookmark the EasyBib citation machine MLA maker for quick access!

SHEET MUSIC

*You can include the original composition date as supplemental information between the title and publisher. It may be helpful to include this information if the piece was composed much earlier than the sheet music you are citing or if the arrangement has significantly changed from the original.

SOCIAL MEDIA EXAMPLES

Notable individuals consistently share pictures, videos, and ideas on social media, which is why social media is often referenced in today’s research papers . If you’re looking to add a reference for Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, or Instagram in your MLA paper, check out the structures and examples below.

*When the account name and username are similar, the username can be excluded from the citation. For example, if the account’s username was @FirstNameLastName or @OrganizationName.

If the tweet is composed of just an image or video, create a description for it and do not place it in quotation marks. For example:

DJ Snake. Video of studio controls with music playing. Twitter , 11 Feb. 2020, twitter.com/djsnake/status/1227267455095123968.

Odds are, you could spend hours scrolling through Twitter to catch up on the latest news and gossip. Why not spend some time scrolling through the EasyBib grammar guides instead? Check out these informative noun and adjective guides to help keep your writing in check!

Looking for other types of sources, such as government and archival documents? Here’s more info .

Now that you’ve figured out how to style your references, the next step is structuring your written work according to this style’s guidelines. The thorough EasyBib MLA format guide provides you with the information you need to structure the font, MLA title page (or MLA cover page), paper margins, spacing, plus more! There’s even a sample MLA paper, too!

MLA Handbook . 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

Published April 9, 2020. Updated July 25, 2021.

Written by Michele Kirschenbaum. Michele Kirschenbaum is a school library media specialist and is the in-house librarian at EasyBib.com.

MLA Formatting Guide

MLA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Sample Paper
• Works Cited
• MLA 8 Updates
• MLA 9 Updates
• View MLA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all MLA Examples

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It’s 100% free to create MLA citations. The EasyBib Citation Generator also supports 7,000+ other citation styles. These other styles—including APA, Chicago, and Harvard—are accessible for anyone with an EasyBib Plus subscription.

No matter what citation style you’re using (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) the EasyBib Citation Generator can help you create the right bibliography quickly.

Yes, there’s an option to download source citations as a Word Doc or a Google Doc. You may also copy citations from the EasyBib Citation Generator and paste them into your paper.

Creating an account is not a requirement for generating MLA citations. However, registering for an EasyBib account is free and an account is how you can save all the citation you create. This can help make it easier to manage your citations and bibliographies.

Yes! Whether you’d like to learn how to construct citations on your own, our Autocite tool isn’t able to gather the metadata you need, or anything in between, manual citations are always an option. Click here for directions on using creating manual citations.

If any important information is missing (e.g., author’s name, title, publishing date, URL, etc.), first see if you can find it in the source yourself. If you cannot, leave the information blank and continue creating your citation.

It supports MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard, and over 7,000 total citation styles.

An in-text citation is a short citation that is placed next to the text being cited. The basic element needed for an in-text citation is the author’s name . The publication year is not required in in-text citations. Sometimes, page numbers or line numbers are also included, especially when text is quoted from the source being cited. In-text citations are mentioned in the text in two ways: as a citation in prose or a parenthetical citation.

Citation in prose

Citations in prose are incorporated into the text and act as a part of the sentence. Usually, citations in prose use the author’s full name when cited the first time in the text. Thereafter, only the surname is used. Avoid including the middle initial even if it is present in the works-cited-list entry. An example of the first citation in prose for one author is given below:

Carol Fitzerald explains the picture of the area.

Parenthetical

Parenthetical citations add only the author’s surname at the end of the sentence in parentheses. An example of a parenthetical citation is given below:

The picture of the area is explained (Fitzgerald).

When are other components included?

When you quote a specific line from the source, you can include a page number or a line number in in-text citations. Examples of both a citation in prose and a parenthetical citation are given below. Do not add “p.” or “pp.” before the page number(s).

Swan says, “Postglacial viability and colonization in North America is to be studied” (47).

Though some researchers claim that “Postglacial viability and colonization in North America is to be studied” (Swan 47).

In-text citations should be concise. Do not repeat author names in parentheses if the name is mentioned in the text (the citation in prose).

To cite a periodical such as a journal, magazine, or newspaper, in the text, the basic element needed is the author’s name . The publication year is not required for in-text citations. Sometimes, page numbers or line numbers are also included, especially when text is quoted from the source being cited. In-text citations are mentioned in the text in two ways: as a citation in prose or a parenthetical citation. The example below shows how to cite a periodical in the text.

Citations in prose use the author’s full name when citing for the first time. Thereafter, only use the surname. Avoid including the middle initial even if it is present in the works-cited-list entry. An example of a citation in prose for a periodical with one author is below:

First time: Kathy Goldstein explains the picture of the area.

Subsequent occurrences: Goldstein explains the picture of the area.

Parenthetical citations add only the author’s surname at the end of the sentence in parentheses. An example of a parenthetical citation is below:

The picture of the area is explained (Goldstein).

An MLA citation generator is a tool that can help you easily create MLA formatted citations and works cited entries. You can try the EasyBib MLA citation generator at https://www.easybib.com/mla/source .

For some source types, only a single piece of information is needed in order to generate a citation. For example, the ISBN of a book, the DOI of a journal article, or the URL of a website. For other source types, a form will indicate what information is needed for the citation, and then automatically formats the citation.

Writing Tools

Citation Generators

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Plagiarism Checker

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Using MLA Format

Document Sources

Works cited quick guide.

Learn how to use the MLA format template.

Digital Citation Tool

Build citations with our interactive template.

In-Text Citations

Get help with in-text citations.

Endnotes and Footnotes

Read our guide about using notes in MLA style.

Set Up Your Paper

Setting up a research paper.

Get our guidelines for setting up academic research papers.

Formatting Captions

Learn how to format captions.

Sample Papers

Read sample papers written in MLA style.

Annotated Bibliographies

Learn how to set up an annotated bibliography.

Get Writing and Teaching Tips

Ask the mla.

Browse answers and ask MLA editors questions.

Writing Tips

Improve your writing with these suggestions.

Teaching Resources and Advice

Get teaching advice, lesson plans, and activities.

Test your knowledge with these fun quizzes.

Recent questions from Ask the MLA

How do i alphabetize a works-cited-list entry that begins with a hashtag or another symbol.

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How to Set Up and Use MLA Format in Microsoft Word

The Modern Language Association (MLA) is an organization that provides guidelines for professional and academic writers. Many universities, employers, and professional agencies now require writers to conform to the MLA style since it’s easy to use and consistent.

In this article, we’ll cover how you can use the MLA format in Microsoft Word.

The MLA Format Requirements

Here are the basic MLA guidelines:

• Use 1-inch margins on all sides
• Use a legible font like Times New Roman
• Use 12 size font
• Use double-spacing throughout the entire document
• Use indentation for the beginning of each paragraph
• Include a header that displays your surname and page numbers on the top right-hand side
• The first page should include your name, paper information and date
• The title of your paper should be centered on the first page
• The end of the paper should include a Works Cited page with MLA citations

How to Set Up the MLA Format in Word

Here’s how you can organize your Word document so that it conforms to the MLA guidelines. We’ll cover each requirement in turn, so start at the top and work your way down.

1. Set the Margins

To set 1-inch margins:

• Click on the Layout tab (in older versions of Word this will be Page Layout ).

• Select Margins then click Custom Margins .

• For the Top , Bottom , Right and Left margins, type 1 and press Enter .

• Select OK .

2. Set the Font and Font Size

To change the font:

• Select the Home tab.

• Click the font drop-down menu and select the Times New Roman font (or a similar font like Calibri).
• Click the font size drop-down menu and select 12 .

3. Set Double Line Spacing

To set double-spacing:

• Select the spacing drop-down menu . This icon looks like blue up and down arrows beside four horizontal lines. Click 2 .

4. Set the Indentation

To set paragraph indentation:

• Right-click the document and select Paragraph .

• Make sure the Indents and Spacing tab is selected.
• Click the drop-down menu beneath Special and select First line . Then, click the field beneath By and type 1 cm .

Alternatively, you can press the tab key before starting each new paragraph.

5. Set the Header

To set your header:

• Click the Insert tab.

• In the Header & Footer section, select Header and click Blank (the top option).

• In the header, type your name and press the spacebar once.
• Click the Home tab.
• Select Align Text Right in the Paragraph section.

6. Set the Page Number

To set page numbers:

• Using your cursor, click in the header after your name.
• Select the Header and Footer tab.

• Select Page Number , click Current Position and select Plain Number .

7. Include Key Information on the First Page

Now that your formatting is set up, it’s time to include the required information on the first page of your document.

This should be one to four lines with your full name and other key information such as your course name, course number, instructor’s name, and date (written in a day, month, year format).

After the date, click the Enter key, type your document or research paper’s title and center the text by pressing Align Text Center in the Home tab.

8. Format the Works Cited Page

If you include citations in your document, these also need to conform to the MLA handbook. The list should be:

• Titled with “Works Cited” at the top of page
• In alphabetical order
• Left-justified
• Double-spaced
• Indented with a hanging indent

To include a hanging indent, select your citation list, right-click your document and select Paragraph . In the Indentation section, select the drop-down box underneath Special , select Hanging , and click OK .

Time to Get Writing

Now that you’ve formatted your MLA paper correctly, it’s finally time to get writing. With this formatting guide, you’ll have no trouble passing the MLA requirements. Just make sure to double-check your document before you submit it!

Jake Harfield is an Australian freelance writer whose passion is finding out how different technologies work. He has written for several online publications, focusing on explaining what he has learned to help others with their tech problems. He’s an avid hiker and birder, and in his spare time you’ll find him in the Aussie bush listening to the birdsong. Read Jake's Full Bio

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• Spartanburg Community College Library
• SCC Research Guides
• Formatting Your Word Document

• Formatting a Paper in MLA
• Formatting a Works Cited in MLA

MLA Formatting for Word 2013/2016

Use the following directions or download these PDF instructions to format your Microsoft Word document in MLA format ( Using Online Word? ) . Also, check out our directions for Formatting Your Works Cited Page .  Also, check out our MLA 9th ed. sample paper. You can also review Chapter 1 Introduction to Formatting Your Research Project in the online MLA Handbook .

MLA Formatting for Word - Online Version

• Note that once you finish your header and start typing in your Word document, your header will disappear from your screen . You can see your header by clicking on the "Header" tab in your Word document.

• Hit "Enter" on your keyboard to move down to a new line. Type in the title of your paper. To center your title, click the alignment icon and change your alignment to "Align Center."

Formatting a Works Cited in Word 2013/2016

Using the Online Version of Word?

Use the following directions to format your Works Cited document in MLA format. Also, check out our MLA 9th ed.  sample paper. You can also review section 1.6: Placement of the List of Works Cited in the online MLA Handbook .

• Click the "Home" tab, then click the "Justify Center" icon. This will center your title. 

• Type in your title, Works Cited. Your title should be in size 12 Times New Roman font.

• Hit "Enter" on your keyboard to start a new line. Then, hit the "Justify Left" icon to move the cursor back to the left.

• Type in your full MLA Citations for your sources. Remember, your Works Cited page should still be double-spaced!

• All Works Cited entries that are longer than a single line must include a Hanging Indent for second (and so forth) line(s). 
• Choose the line you wish to indent. Move your cursor to the line you wish to indent. 
• Hit CTRL T (or CMD T on a Mac) on your keyboard. 

• Repeat (if necessary) for your third line.

Formatting a Works Cited in Word Online

• After completing your paper, add a new page to your document for your Works Cited. Hit "Enter" on your keyboard until you begin a new page.
• Click the "Home" tab, then click the "Justify Center" icon. This will center your title.

• Hit "Enter" on your keyboard to start a new line. Then, go to the "Home" tab and hit "Justify Left" to move the cursor back to the left.

• Type in your full MLA Citations for your sources. Remember, your Works Cited should still be double-spaced!

• All Works Cited entries that are longer than a single line must include a Hanging Indent for second (and so forth) line(s). Move your cursor to the end of the first line.
• Using your mouse, move the cursor to the beginning of the second line of your citation.
• Hit "Tab" on your keyboard. This should indent only the second line of your citation.

• << Previous: In-text Citations
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• MLA Handouts
• MLA Workshop (video, Feb. 2022)
• MLA - Getting Started (Basic Tutorial)
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How to cite a microsoft word document in mla.

Citing a Microsoft Word document in MLA format can seem intimidating. But, with the right guidance, it’s easy! Here’s a step-by-step guide to set up your Microsoft Word document and cite it accurately.

First, you need to know the rules set by the Modern Language Association . These guidelines provide the formatting instructions for citations in academic writing. It’s important to follow these guidelines to demonstrate your commitment to academic integrity and give proper credit to the authors of the sources you use.

To prepare your Microsoft Word document for MLA format, set the margins to 1-inch and the font size to 12-point , such as Times New Roman . Also, make sure to double-space the document.

Word’s citation feature makes it easy to generate citations for various sources like books, articles, websites, and even films. Select the appropriate source type and fill in relevant details like author name and publication date to ensure your citations are complete and correct.

Even though Word has a citation feature, you should always double-check the accuracy of generated citations against official MLA style guides or reputable online resources. This prevents any potential errors or inconsistencies.

Understanding MLA Citations

To ensure accurate citation of sources in MLA format, understanding the ins and outs of MLA citations is essential. In this section on “Understanding MLA Citations,” you’ll learn about the key aspects of MLA format. Delve into “What is MLA format?” and explore the significance of proper source citation with “Why is it important to cite sources in MLA format?”

What is MLA format?

MLA format is a way to document sources in academic writing. It provides tips on citing books, articles, and websites. This structure ensures authors get credit and lets readers locate the sources used.

When using MLA, you must include the author’s name, title, and publication info . This helps readers verify what you say and explore the topics more.

In addition, MLA format has guidelines for formatting a paper. This includes double-spacing, a legible font, and one-inch margins. This makes your paper look good and helps readers get through it easily.

Also, MLA format emphasizes using simple language and avoiding jargon. It encourages you to give enough context for your ideas. Following these rules allows you to communicate effectively and professionally.

Overall, understanding MLA citations is important for academic success. It shows integrity by giving credit to others. By following the rules, you can increase the credibility and trustworthiness of your research. Plus, it supports ethical scholarship by recognizing the intellectual contributions of others.

Why is it important to cite sources in MLA format?

Citing sources in MLA? Yep! It’s crucial. Acknowledging others’ intellectual property and adding credibility to your work. By providing proper citations, you’re showing accountability. Plus, readers can explore the original sources for further understanding. This standardized format ensures writing consistency and allows scholars to engage in larger conversations.

In MLA citations, info like author name, title, date, and page numbers appear in the text or in a Works Cited page. Following the guidelines? You avoid plagiarism and show respect for fellow researchers and their contributions. Readers can trace back your arguments and verify your claims.

Moreover, citing sources in MLA format promotes ethical research practices. Appreciating the efforts of authors who have advanced knowledge in their fields. Utilizing clear citation methods fosters transparency in academia, so future researchers can build on existing knowledge with ease. Diligent referencing acknowledges that ideas aren’t formed in isolation, but are an accumulation of collective intellectual efforts.

Furthermore, adhering to MLA citations displays your expertise as a responsible scholar who values academic integrity. Giving credit where it’s due helps knowledge grow by acknowledging those whose insights have contributed to your own understanding. This recognition strengthens the fabric of scholarly collaboration and fosters a community that thrives on shared discoveries.

How to Set Up Microsoft Word for MLA Format

To set up Microsoft Word for MLA format, adjust document settings and set margins and page numbers. Adjusting document settings ensures the correct formatting requirements are met, while setting margins and page numbers allows for proper organization and citation in accordance with MLA guidelines.

Adjusting Document Settings

To ensure your Microsoft Word document is formatted correctly according to MLA guidelines, adjust a few settings. Follow these four simple steps:

• Margins: Navigate to the “Page Layout” tab. Select “Margins” and choose “Normal.”
• Font: Go to the “Home” tab. Click on the drop-down menu in the Font section. Select Times New Roman, size 12 .
• Line spacing: Select all by pressing Ctrl+A. Navigate to the “Home” tab. In the Paragraph section, click the two small arrows. Choose double spacing from the drop-down menu.
• Header: Go to the “Insert” tab. Click “Header” and then choose “Blank.” Enter your last name followed by a space . Insert page numbers using the corresponding button in the toolbar.

Make sure your paper meets other MLA requirements too. Such as title formatting, citations, and works cited pages.

By properly adjusting document settings according to MLA guidelines, your work will be presented professionally. Impress your professors with correctly formatted papers – follow these steps today!

Setting Margins and Page Numbers

Want to make sure your document follows MLA format? Follow these four steps to properly set the margins and page numbers:

• Open Microsoft Word.
• Go to the “Page Layout” tab.
• Select “Margins” and choose “Normal” for a one-inch margin on all sides.
• Click on the “Insert” tab.
• Pick where you want the page numbers to appear.
• From the drop-down menu, select the desired format.
• After selecting the location and format, click on “Format Page Numbers.”
• Change the starting page number, if needed.
• Add different sections with unique page numbering.
• Double-click in the header/footer area of your document.
• Include additional info like your last name and page numbers.
• Personalize the header/footer with borders, font styles, or images.

Remember, MLA format compliance requires properly aligned margins. And it’s essential to keep consistent pagination throughout your document. Plus, use consistent spacing between text and margin edges. Also, indent paragraphs within block quotations correctly.

Citing a Microsoft Word Document in MLA

To ensure proper citation of Microsoft Word documents in MLA format, dive into the section on Citing a Microsoft Word Document in MLA. Discover effective approaches for incorporating in-text citations and formatting the Works Cited page. These sub-sections will provide a comprehensive solution for accurately citing your Word documents in accordance with MLA guidelines.

In-text Citations

• After a direct quote or paraphrase, add the author’s last name and page number(s) in parentheses. If there’s no author, use a shortened title instead. For multiple authors, include all their last names or “et al.”
• Put in-text citations at the end of a sentence, before punctuation. If citing multiple sources, separate them with semicolons. To cite specific parts of electronic sources (e.g. timestamps or paragraphs), add them after the page number with a comma.
• For indirect or secondary sources, mention both the original author and the source from which you got the info.
• In 2016, MLA style made it easier to generate accurate citations automatically with Microsoft Word’s citation manager. This revision was to simplify and ensure consistency in academic papers.

Works Cited Page

The Works Cited page is vital in any academic paper. It is a complete list of all the sources you have cited in your document. This page is important as it gives credit to the original authors and stops plagiarism.

• The Works Cited page lets readers trust your work by recognising the sources that have helped you.
• It gives readers the opportunity to look more into the topic.
• It also shows your meticulousness and that you follow correct academic practices.

Plus, it should follow particular formatting rules. This includes arranging sources alphabetically, giving the right publication details, and using the right indentation for each entry. Following these rules makes your Works Cited page appear professional and tidy.

Examples and Templates for Citing Microsoft Word Documents in MLA

To properly cite a Microsoft Word document in MLA, turn to the section “Examples and Templates for Citing Microsoft Word Documents in MLA.” This section offers solutions for citing a Word document with a known author, citing a Word document without a known author, and citing a specific page or section from a Word document.

Citing a Word Document with a Known Author

• Include the full name of the author .
• “Quote” the title of the document.
• Say it’s a Microsoft Word file .
• Give the version of Word used.
• Note the year of creation/modification.

Follow these tips for accurate citations . Adapt them if needed according to MLA and any extra instructions from your instructor/publisher.

Citing a Word Document without a Known Author

Citing Word documents without known authors is achievable if you follow some guidelines. Use the title of the doc in quotes & its file extension. Describe the doc if there’s no title. Include the date accessed. In cite within text, use the start of the title & an ellipsis. In the Works Cited page, use the title or description for author name.

Also add date accessed, website/database name (if applicable) & URL/file location. Different style guides may have specific requirements – consult MLA.

Try reaching out to contact individuals who may have created it. Seek alternative sources with known authors, if author search proves impossible. With these tips, you can cite Word docs without known authors, while maintaining research integrity & presenting professionally.

Citing a Specific Page or Section from a Word Document

When citing info from a Word document, it’s essential to include the author’s name, title, page or section number, and year. To do so properly, use MLA formatting . Start with the author’s last name and first name, then enclose the title in quotation marks and italicize it . After that, provide the page or section number, and end with the year in parentheses. (E.g. Smith 42 or Jones, sec. 2).

Also, create a Works Cited entry for the citation. This gives readers a way to access the source. Include the author, title, date, and URL if applicable.

For further guidance, look at historical examples. Jane Austen, for instance, used specific passages from manuscripts when revising her novel “ Pride and Prejudice ” for publication. By doing so, she made sure her citations were accurate.

Tips and Best Practices for Citing Microsoft Word Documents in MLA

To ensure accurate citations, enhance academic integrity, and comply with MLA guidelines when citing Microsoft Word documents, follow these tips and best practices. Avoid plagiarism by properly attributing sources and double-check the accuracy of your citations.

Avoiding Plagiarism

Plagiarism is a bad thing. It can ruin an individual’s reputation and academic life. To avoid this, it’s important to know how to cite sources correctly, especially in Microsoft Word documents using MLA style.

For citing Word documents in MLA, you must include the author’s name and the title of the document in quotation marks. Also, specify the medium of the source. For example, Microsoft Word. Also indicate the version number or edition .

Also, include details about the date and location of the publication . If the document was accessed online, mention the URL or DOI for accessibility. Formatting guidelines such as italics for titles and indentation for long quotes must be followed.

When citing Word documents, you must label and reference tables and figures in the text. If you are quoting from the document, use quotation marks and provide page numbers .

Reminder: Always double-check your citations before submitting your work. One mistake could lead to plagiarism and its consequences.

Double-checking Accuracy of Citations

Double-checking your citations is key when it comes to academic writing. Microsoft Word makes this easier by following a few simple steps. Firstly, review the citation style guide provided by your institution for correct formatting. Then, cross-reference in-text citations with the Works Cited page to make sure they match. Lastly, make sure all necessary info like author names and dates are included and formatted correctly in both in-text citations and the Works Cited page. This will help boost the credibility of your research.

There are extra details to consider when double-checking citations in Microsoft Word. Make sure paraphrased or summarized info is attributed correctly. Also, use quotation marks for direct quotes and check punctuation. Additionally, verify that online sources have stable URLs or DOIs.

Pro Tip: Take advantage of the built-in citation management tools in Microsoft Word to speed up the process. These tools help with formatting and updating later on. Keep track of your sources throughout to make double-checking more efficient.

By double-checking carefully and utilizing Microsoft Word’s features for citations, you can be sure that all of your academic papers are accurate and formatted properly – no citation mistakes!

We chatted about citing a Microsoft Word document in MLA format . We began by talking about how crucial it is to properly cite sources – it boosts the credibility of your work. Then, we went over how to set up Microsoft Word for MLA format : margins, font size, and line spacing.

We also covered the different elements of an MLA citation : author’s name, title of the document, publication date, and page numbers. We gave examples and tips on formatting them correctly.

Moreover, we discussed the importance of using reliable sources and avoiding plagiarism. Properly citing your Microsoft Word documents in MLA format confirms your academic integrity and respects intellectual property rights.

Furthermore, we discussed the use of in-text citations in your academic papers. We said when and how to include these citations to give proper recognition to your sources.

We ended with a true historical anecdote related to citation. In 1969, Martin Hellman and his team faced a difficulty while publishing their work on public-key cryptography. They had limited access to written material on this topic due to security concerns. But, they managed to cite relevant documents with information they obtained from public sources.

This teaches us the importance of citation, even in tricky situations. When we cite the sources we use, we follow academic standards but also help knowledge and progress in our fields. Therefore, always make sure to cite Microsoft Word documents correctly in MLA format.

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APA, MLA, Chicago – automatically format bibliographies

Word automatically generates a bibliography from the sources you used to write your paper. Each time you add a new citation to your document, Word adds that source so that it appears in the bibliography in the proper format, such as MLA , APA , and Chicago-style .

Add a citation after a quote

On the References tab , in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the arrow next to Style .

Click the style that you want to use for the citation and source. 

Click at the end of the sentence or phrase that you want to cite. 

Click Insert Citation and then select Add New Source . 

In the Create Source box, type in the citation details, and then click OK .

When you've completed these steps, the citation is added to the list of available citations. The next time you quote this reference, you don't have to type it all out again, just click Insert Citation and select the citation you want to use.

Important:  APA and MLA can change their formats, so you’ll want to ensure that these format versions meet your requirements. You can create your own updated version of a style or build custom styles. For more information see Bibliography & Citations 102 – Building Custom styles .

Create a bibliography from your sources

If you want to create a bibliography from your sources, do the following:

Click where you want to insert a bibliography. Typically, they are at the end of a document. 

On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group , click Bibliography .

Similar to the Table of Contents builder in Word, you can select a predesigned bibliography format that includes a title, or you can just click Insert Bibliography to add the citation without a title.

If you want to learn more about using citation placeholders and editing sources, take a look at Create a bibliography . Or, if you want to export your bibliography sources to another computer, check out this post on the Microsoft Word blog .

APA 6th Edition citation style fix procedure.

APA style uses the author's name and publication date. If you have multiple citations from the same author, there is a known Word bug where the citation generator fills in the publication title when it's not supposed to. If this happens to you, here's how to fix the problem:

In the Word document, click the citation.

Click the down-arrow, and then click Edit Citation .

Click the Title checkbox, and then click OK .

You can't automatically generate citations in Word Online. Word Online preserves the bibliography in your document, but it doesn’t provide a way to create one.

Instead, if you have the desktop version of Word, select Open in Word to open the document.

Then follow the steps for Word desktop .

When you’re done and you save the document in Word, you’ll see the table of contents when you reopen the doc in Word Online.

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How to MLA Format on Word: A Step-by-Step Guide

MLA format is a style of writing and citing sources commonly used in the humanities. To use MLA format on Word, you’ll need to set the correct font and margins, create a header with your last name and page number, and use proper in-text citations and a Works Cited page. Let’s get started!

Step by Step Tutorial: MLA Format on Word

Before jumping into the steps, it’s important to know that following these instructions will help you set up your document according to the MLA guidelines. This includes setting up page layout, font, spacing, header, and citations.

Step 1: Set the Font and Size

Select Times New Roman and a 12-point font size for your document.

The MLA format requires the use of a legible font. Times New Roman, in 12-point size, is the most commonly accepted.

Step 2: Set the Margins

Set one-inch margins on all sides of your document.

In the "Layout" or "Page Layout" section of Word, you can adjust the margins to meet MLA standards. This ensures your document looks professional and is easy to read.

Step 3: Set the Header

Create a header that includes your last name and page number, flush with the right margin.

Go to the "Insert" tab, click on "Header," and select a simple format. Then type your last name followed by a space, and insert the page number using the "Page Number" feature.

Step 4: Double Space the Text

Ensure your entire document is double-spaced.

In the "Home" tab, click on the "Line and Paragraph Spacing" icon and select "2.0." This guarantees that your document adheres to MLA spacing guidelines.

Step 5: Indent the First Line of Paragraphs

• Indent the first line of each paragraph by half an inch.

You can set the first line indent by using the ruler on the top of the document or by pressing the "Tab" key once before you start typing a paragraph.

Step 6: Add In-Text Citations

Include in-text citations for any quotes, summaries, or paraphrases within your text.

For MLA in-text citations, include the author’s last name and the page number without a comma between them. You can add this detail in parentheses at the end of the quoted or paraphrased section.

Step 7: Create a Works Cited Page

Start a new page at the end of your document for the Works Cited list.

This page should list all the sources you’ve cited in your paper. Make sure to use the correct MLA format for each type of source.

After completing these steps, your document will be properly formatted according to MLA style. You’ll have a professional-looking paper that follows the specific guidelines required for humanities essays and research papers.

Tips for MLA Format on Word

• Always check the latest MLA guidelines, as they can change over time.
• Use the "Styles" feature in Word to quickly format headings and subheadings.
• Set up your document before you start writing to save time on formatting later.
• Keep a copy of the MLA Handbook or an online guide handy for reference.
• Proofread your Works Cited page carefully to ensure all entries are correctly formatted.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the correct way to format a title in mla.

The title should be centered and not bolded, italicized, or underlined.

Can I use bullet points in MLA format?

Bullet points are not typically used in MLA format. It’s best to write in paragraph form.

How do I cite a source with no author in MLA format?

Use the title of the work in place of the author’s name in the in-text citation.

Do I need a title page for MLA format?

MLA generally does not require a separate title page. Your name, instructor’s name, course, and date should be included on the first page.

How do I make a hanging indent for my Works Cited page on Word?

You can create a hanging indent by going to the "Paragraph" settings and selecting "Hanging" under the "Special" dropdown in the "Indentation" section.

• Set the Font and Size to Times New Roman, 12-point.
• Set one-inch Margins on all sides.
• Create a Header with your last name and page number.
• Double Space the text.
• Add In-Text Citations when referencing sources.
• Create a Works Cited Page at the end.

Knowing how to MLA format on Word is a critical skill for anyone in the humanities. It’s not just about making your paper look good; it’s about ensuring that your ideas and sources are presented clearly and consistently. By following the above steps, you can format your Word document to meet MLA standards. Remember to always refer back to the MLA Handbook or trusted online sources for specific citation rules and examples. Happy writing, and may your essays always be perfectly formatted!

Matt Jacobs has been working as an IT consultant for small businesses since receiving his Master’s degree in 2003. While he still does some consulting work, his primary focus now is on creating technology support content for SupportYourTech.com.

His work can be found on many websites and focuses on topics such as Microsoft Office, Apple devices, Android devices, Photoshop, and more.

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Introduction to citations.

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This guide covers the three main citation styles you may be asked to use while attending Seattle University. Please review the examples and information, and if you need more support, see the Style Manuals provided by the library, either in print or ebook form. 

if you are looking for instructions on citing artworks, photographs, or visual media, check the Citing Artworks or Images  Section, sorted by citation style. 

• Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) Citation guides A somewhat out of date, but detailed guide to citations in all three major styles.

Manual of Style:  This refers to a detailed guide to a particular citation style, such as the Chicago Manual of Style. These get updated regularly, so be sure to check with your professor which edition they want you to use for your assignments.

DOI:  Digital object identifier, which is a specific code that corresponds to a digital object like an article or ebook.

ORCID ID:  Similar to a DOI, the ORCID ID is a specific code that corresponds to a specific author/researcher. 

et al:  Means "and others" in latin. This is sometimes used in citations when there are more than a certain number of authors.

Citation:  A citation is a collection of information that tells your reader that certain material in your work came from another source. It also gives your reader all the information necessary to find the location of any source included in your reference list/bibliography/works cited.

Useful Differences between Citation Styles

Differences between APA, MLA, and Chicago:

APA:  The list of citations at the end is called a Reference List.

MLA : The list of citations at the end is called a Works Cited.

Chicago/Turabian:  The list of citations at the end is called a Bibliography.

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🤔 What is a Harvard Referencing Generator?

A Harvard Referencing Generator is a tool that automatically generates formatted academic references in the Harvard style.

It takes in relevant details about a source -- usually critical information like author names, article titles, publish dates, and URLs -- and adds the correct punctuation and formatting required by the Harvard referencing style.

The generated references can be copied into a reference list or bibliography, and then collectively appended to the end of an academic assignment. This is the standard way to give credit to sources used in the main body of an assignment.

👩‍🎓 Who uses a Harvard Referencing Generator?

Harvard is the main referencing style at colleges and universities in the United Kingdom and Australia. It is also very popular in other English-speaking countries such as South Africa, Hong Kong, and New Zealand. University-level students in these countries are most likely to use a Harvard generator to aid them with their undergraduate assignments (and often post-graduate too).

🙌 Why should I use a Harvard Referencing Generator?

A Harvard Referencing Generator solves two problems:

• It provides a way to organise and keep track of the sources referenced in the content of an academic paper.
• It ensures that references are formatted correctly -- inline with the Harvard referencing style -- and it does so considerably faster than writing them out manually.

A well-formatted and broad bibliography can account for up to 20% of the total grade for an undergraduate-level project, and using a generator tool can contribute significantly towards earning them.

⚙️ How do I use MyBib's Harvard Referencing Generator?

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• If citing a book, website, journal, or video: enter the URL or title into the search bar at the top of the page and press the search button.
• Choose the most relevant results from the list of search results.
• Our generator will automatically locate the source details and format them in the correct Harvard format. You can make further changes if required.
• Then either copy the formatted reference directly into your reference list by clicking the 'copy' button, or save it to your MyBib account for later.

MyBib supports the following for Harvard style:

🍏 What other versions of Harvard referencing exist?

There isn't "one true way" to do Harvard referencing, and many universities have their own slightly different guidelines for the style. Our generator can adapt to handle the following list of different Harvard styles:

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Daniel is a qualified librarian, former teacher, and citation expert. He has been contributing to MyBib since 2018.

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Because long explanatory notes can be distracting to readers, most academic style guidelines (including MLA and APA, the American Psychological Association) recommend limited use of endnotes/footnotes. However, certain publishers encourage or require note references in lieu of parenthetical references.

Bibliographic Notes

MLA discourages extensive use of explanatory or digressive notes. MLA style does, however, allow you to use endnotes or footnotes for bibliographic notes , which refer to other publications your readers may consult. The following are some examples:

To cite a lengthy string of sources.

¹See Said, Culture and Imperialism and Orientalism ; Serres, The Natural Contract ; Foucault, The Foucault Reader , esp. Part II.

²For more material related to Postcolonial Studies and Technology, see McClintock, Imperial Leather ; De Landa, War in the Age of Intelligent Machines.

To explain an unusual documentation practice.

³Italicised words denote translations for which there are no clear equivalents in the original Chinese.

To flag editions and translations used. Editions and translations usually require a note only when more than one edition or translation is cited. This can be done by placing a note in the text where the work is first referenced. Alternatively, an initial and unnumbered note may be created.

⁴Citations of The Odyssey refer to Emily Wilson’s translated version unless otherwise noted.

⁵Translations are provided by Emily Wilson unless otherwise noted.

Content Notes

You can also use endnotes/footnotes for occasional explanatory notes (also known as content notes), which refer to brief additional information that might be too digressive for the main text:

To amplify.  Writers may feel that amplifying certain sections of their content will allow readers to better understand the context which affected/affects the following circumstances. 

¹Kujou and Yanagi are often confused by their misinterpretation of each other’s words, actions, and interactions with others.

²Beach considers Readicide to be a necessary read for all incoming Student Teachers, including it in recommended words for all his students.

³Culler makes it clear that “Literature” is “an institutional label that gives us reason to expect that the results of our reading efforts will be ‘worth it’” (28).

To explain word choice.

⁴She refers here to a branch of physiological research.

⁵He chose to translate the verb (first translated by Yang as “to feel”) as “to understand” to point to the character development.

To justify the scope of your study. Justifying the scope of your study can help readers better understand what to expect from reading your work by specifically pointing to what will or will not be explored, and why.

⁶Whether or not Beowulf as a character is justified in his actions is not relevant to my point.

⁷The efforts of decolonization are beyond the extent of my essay, but I point readers to Garvey’s work.

To provide more examples.

⁸Readers can think about Atwood’s inclusion of insects in her literary work

⁹This same idea applies to queer youth, as Chelsea Monheim’s “Percieved social norms and acceptance of transgender students in gendered restrooms” addresses.

To provide counterexamples.

¹⁰Bankfeld (99-102) calls for an alternative call to action.

To identity of comment on allusions.

¹¹The reference to ‘Westword’ in Iron Man 3 recalls the 1973 movie Westworld, starring Yul Brynner as a killing cyborg.

To point to an area of future research.

¹²More extensive research remains to be done on this subject. 

To identify authors whose names appear as et al. in documentation.

¹³The contributing authors of Teaching Literature to Adolescents are Deborah Appleman, Bob Fecho, and Rob Simon.

To acknowledge.

¹⁴Anna Turner, from a local veterinary clinic, brought distinctions between small and large animal care to my attention.

Numbering endnotes and footnotes in the document body

MLA notes may be styled either as footnotes or endnotes. Endnotes and footnotes in MLA format are indicated in-text by superscript Arabic numbers after the punctuation of the phrase or clause to which the note refers:

Note that when a long dash appears in the text, the footnote/endnote number appears before the dash:

Do not use asterisks (*), angle brackets (>), or other symbols for note references. The list of endnotes and footnotes (either of which, for papers submitted for publication, should be listed on a separate page, as indicated below) should correspond to the note references in the text.   Do not use the abbreviation ibid. in a note to refer readers to the information provided in the note right above it.

Placement of Notes in the Text

Use parentheses around page numbers when page numbers interrupt a sentence or are given at the end of a sentence. Similar to parenthetical citations within text, citations in notes are usually placed at the end of a sentence. Alternatively, parenthetical citations may be placed mid-sentence.

¹As Danes (45) and Gilmore (151) argue, caffeinated beverages play a vital role in American business environments.

²Gilmore considers the relationship between caffeine, productivity, and success (151).

Do not place parentheses around page numbers if the note is utilized to direct readers to the location of information. For example:

³See Gilmore 151.

Notes in MLA format are typically indicated in-text by superscript Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3, …) after the punctuation mark of the phrase or clause to which the note refers. Whenever possible, place the superscript numbers at the end of sentences. Keep in mind that word processing programs will likely style note numbers in the text and notes section as superscript by default .

Audience members generally responded positively to the racial representation in the musical.¹

Marquis de Lafayette uses a stereotypical White American accent to say the word “anarchy.”²

Aaron Burr advises a young Alexander Hamilton to “talk less, smile more” (16).³ 

Note that when a dash appears in the text, the note number appears before the dash.

After finding out about her daughter’s passion for music, Cho⁴—surprised, impressed, and a little confused—purchased a piano and allowed her daughter to take lessons.

If a note number must be placed somewhere other than at the end of a sentence or a sentence requires more than one note, the note number should be placed in the least distracting unambiguous spot. For instance: 

Placement of a note mid-sentence, for clarity of citations.

Despite the awareness from her past mistakes,⁵   Britney “did it again” and thus continued to face the consequences of her actions (203).

Placement of more than one note in a sentence.

Crystal’s love of farmers markets—especially those located in their hometown (which they support by “getting up at 7am every Saturday to go to” [Webb 21]⁶)—has become apparent even on social media platforms.⁷  

Formatting endnotes and footnotes

Endnotes Page

MLA recommends that all notes be listed on a separate page entitled Notes (centered). Title the page Note if there is only one note. The Notes page should appear before the Works Cited page. This is especially important for papers being submitted for publication.

The notes themselves should be double-spaced and listed by consecutive Arabic numbers that correspond to the notation in the text. The first line of each endnote is indented five spaces, and subsequent lines are flush with the left margin. Place a period and a space after each endnote number, and then provide the appropriate note after the space.

Footnotes (below the text body)

The ninth edition of the MLA Handbook states that notes may be styled either as footnotes or endnotes. See the  MLA Style Center   for additional guidance on this topic and follow your instructor's or editor's preferences.