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802.15.4-2020 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks

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ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview

Title: low rate sensitivity author: paul gorday, jose gutierrez and phil jamieson last modified by: yctseng created date: 7/10/2001 8:43:56 pm document presentation ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• Y.-C. Tseng
• Most Wireless industry focuses on increasing high data throughput
• A set of applications require simple wireless connectivity, relaxed throughput, very low power, short distance and inexpensive hardware.
• Agricultural
• Residential
• An organization with a mission to define reliable, cost effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard
• Alliance provides interoperability, certification testing, and branding
• Low power consumption
• Low offered message throughput
• Supports large network orders (lt 65k nodes)
• Low to no QoS guarantees
• Flexible protocol design suitable for many applications
• ZigBee Alliance
• 45 companies semiconductor mfrs, IP providers, OEMs, etc.
• Defining upper layers of protocol stack from network to application, including application profiles
• First profiles published mid 2003
• IEEE 802.15.4 Working Group
• Defining lower layers of protocol stack MAC and PHY
• ZigBee takes full advantage of a powerful physical radio specified by IEEE 802.15.4
• ZigBee adds logical network, security and application software
• ZigBee continues to work closely with the IEEE to ensure an integrated and complete solution for the market
• Data rates of 250 kbps , 20 kbps and 40kpbs.
• Star or Peer-to-Peer operation.
• Support for low latency devices.
• CSMA-CA channel access.
• Dynamic device addressing.
• Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability.
• Low power consumption.
• 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band,
• 10 channels in the 915MHz ISM band
• 1 channel in the European 868MHz band.
• Extremely low duty-cycle (lt0.1)
• 802.15.4 is a simple packet data protocol for lightweight wireless networks
• Channel Access is via Carrier Sense Multiple Access with collision avoidance and optional time slotting
• Message acknowledgement
• Optional beacon structure
• Target applications
• Long battery life, selectable latency for controllers, sensors, remote monitoring and portable electronics
• Configured for maximum battery life, has the potential to last as long as the shelf life of most batteries
• There are two different device types
• A full function device (FFD)
• A reduced function device (RFD)
• The FFD can operate in three modes by serving as
• Coordinator
• PAN coordinator
• The RFD can only serve as
• Full function device (FFD)
• Any topology
• Network coordinator capable
• Talks to any other device
• Reduced function device (RFD)
• Limited to star topology
• Cannot become a network coordinator
• Talks only to a network coordinator
• Very simple implementation
• Two or more devices communicating on the same physical channel constitute a WPAN.
• A WPAN includes at least one FFD (PAN coordinator)
• Each independent PAN will select a unique PAN identifier
• Each device operating on a network has a unique 64-bit extended address. This address can be used for direct communication in the PAN
• A device also has a 16-bit short address, which is allocated by the PAN coordinator when the device associates with its coordinator.
• PHY functionalities
• Activation and deactivation of the radio transceiver
• Energy detection within the current channel
• Link quality indication for received packets
• Clear channel assessment for CSMA-CA
• Channel frequency selection
• Data transmission and reception
• Operating frequency bands
• The standard specifies two PHYs
• 868 MHz/915 MHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) PHY (11 channels)
• 1 channel (20Kb/s) in European 868MHz band
• 10 channels (40Kb/s) in 915 (902-928)MHz ISM band
• 2450 MHz direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) PHY (16 channels)
• 16 channels (250Kb/s) in 2.4GHz band
• PHY packet fields
• Preamble (32 bits) synchronization
• Start of packet delimiter (8 bits) shall be formatted as 11100101
• PHY header (8 bits) PSDU length
• PSDU (0 to 127 bytes) data field
• A superframe is divided into two parts
• Inactive all station sleep
• Active period will be divided into 16 slots
• 16 slots can further divided into two parts
• Contention access period
• Contention free period
• Beacons are used for
• starting superframes
• synchronizing with other devices
• announcing the existence of a PAN
• informing pending data in coordinators
• In a beacon-enabled network,
• Devices use the slotted CSMA/CA mechanism to contend for the usage of channels
• FFDs which require fixed rates of transmissions can ask for guarantee time slots (GTS) from the coordinator
• The structure of superframes is controlled by two parameters
• beacon order (BO) decides the length of a superframe
• superframe order (SO) decides the length of the active potion in a superframe
• For a beacon-enabled network, the setting of BO and SO should satisfy the relationship 0?SO?BO?14
• For channels 11 to 26, the length of a superframe can range from 15.36 msec to 215.7 sec ( 3.5 min).
• Each device will be active for 2-(BO-SO) portion of the time, and sleep for 1-2-(BO-SO) portion of the time
• Data transferred from device to coordinator
• In a beacon-enable network, a device finds the beacon to synchronize to the superframe structure. Then it uses slotted CSMA/CA to transmit its data.
• In a non-beacon-enable network, device simply transmits its data using unslotted CSMA/CA
• Data transferred from coordinator to device in a beacon-enabled network
• The coordinator indicates in the beacon that some data is pending.
• A device periodically listens to the beacon and transmits a Data Requst command using slotted CSMA/CA.
• Then ACK, Data, and ACK follow
• Data transferred from coordinator to device in a non-beacon-enable network
• The device transmits a Data Request using unslotted CSMA/CA.
• If the coordinator has its pending data, an ACK is replied.
• Then the coordinator transmits Data using unslotted CSMA/CA.
• If there is no pending data, a data frame with zero length payload is transmitted.
• Two type channel access mechanism
• beacon-enabled networks ? slotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism
• non-beacon-enabled networks ? unslotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism
• In slotted CSMA/CA
• The backoff period boundaries of every device in the PAN shall be aligned with the superframe slot boundaries of the PAN coordinator
• i.e. the start of first backoff period of each device is aligned with the start of the beacon transmission
• The MAC sublayer shall ensure that the PHY layer commences all of its transmissions on the boundary of a backoff period
• Each device maintains 3 variables for each transmission attempt
• NB number of times that backoff has been taken in this attempt (if exceeding macMaxCSMABackoff, the attempt fails)
• BE the backoff exponent which is determined by NB
• CW contention window length, the number of clear slots that must be seen after each backoff
• always set to 2 and count down to 0 if the channel is sensed to be clear
• The design is for some PHY parameters, which require 2 CCA for efficient channel usage.
• Battery Life Extension
• designed for very low-power operation, where a node only contends in the first 6 slots
• Each CCA occurs at the boundary of a backoff slot ( 20 symbols), and each CCA time 8 symbols.
• The standard species that a transmitter node performs the CCA twice in order to protect acknowledgment (ACK).
• When an ACK packet is expected, the receiver shall send it after a tACK time on the backoff boundary
• tACK varies from 12 to 31 symbols
• One-time CCA of a transmitter may potentially cause a collision between a newly-transmitted packet and an ACK packet.
• (See examples below)
• A guaranteed time slot (GTS) allows a device to operate on the channel within a portion of the superframe
• A GTS shall only be allocated by the PAN coordinator
• The PAN coordinator can allocated up to 7 GTSs at the same time
• The PAN coordinator decides whether to allocate GTS based on
• Requirements of the GTS request
• The current available capacity in the superframe
• A GTS can be deallocated
• At any time at the discretion of the PAN coordinator or
• By the device that originally requested the GTS
• A device that has been allocated a GTS may also operate in the CAP
• A data frame transmitted in an allocated GTS shall use only short addressing
• Before GTS starts, the GTS direction shall be specified as either transmit or receive
• Each device may request one transmit GTS and/or one receive GTS
• A device shall only attempt to allocate and use a GTS if it is currently tracking the beacon
• If a device loses synchronization with the PAN coordinator, all its GTS allocations shall be lost
• The use of GTSs be an RFD is optional
• A device becomes a member of a PAN by associating with its coordinator
• In IEEE 802.15.4, association results are announced in an indirect fashion.
• A coordinator responds to association requests by appending devices long addresses in beacon frames
• Devices need to send a data request to the coordinator to acquire the association result
• After associating to a coordinator, a device will be assigned a 16-bit short address.
• Three kinds of networks are supported star, tree, and mesh networks
• Three kinds of devices in the network layer
• ZigBee coordinator responsible for initializing, maintaining, and controlling the network
• ZigBee router form the network backbone
• ZigBee end device must be connected to router/coordinator
• In a tree network, the coordinator and routers can announce beacons.
• In a mesh network, there is no regular beacon.
• Devices in a mesh network can only communicate with each other in a peer-to-peer manner
• In ZigBee, network addresses are assigned to devices by a distributed address assignment scheme
• ZigBee coordinator determines three network parameters
• the maximum number of children (Cm) of a ZigBee router
• the maximum number of child routers (Rm) of a parent node
• the depth of the network (Lm)
• A parent device utilizes Cm, Rm, and Lm to compute a parameter called Cskip
• which is used to compute the size of its childrens address pools
• If a parent node at depth d has an address Aparent,
• the nth child router is assigned to address Aparent(n-1)Cskip(d)1
• nth child end device is assigned to address AparentRmCskip(d)n
• In a tree network
• Utilize the address assignment to obtain the routing paths
• In a mesh network
• Routing Capability ZigBee coordinators and routers are said to have routing capacity if they have routing table capacities and route discovery table capacities
• There are 2 options
• Reactive routing if having routing capacity
• Tree routing if having no routing capacity
• When a device receives a packet, it first checks if it is the destination or one of its child end devices is the destination
• If so, accept the packet or forward it to a child
• Otherwise, relay it along the tree
• Route discovery by AODV-like routing protocol
• The cost of a link is defined based on the packet delivery probability on that link
• Route discovery procedure
• The source broadcasts a route request packet
• Intermediate nodes will rebroadcast route request if
• They have routing discovery table capacities
• The cost is lower
• Otherwise, nodes will relay the request along the tree
• The destination will choose the routing path with the lowest cost and then send a route reply

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IEEE 802.15.4 Technology

Introduction.

Welcome to the world of wireless communication, where IEEE 802.15.4 technology reigns supreme in industrial settings and beyond! This powerful standard has revolutionized how we connect and automate our lives, making it vital for anyone interested in wireless networking and IoT applications. In this post, we'll look at what makes IEEE 802.15.4 so special, look at actual implementations, and discuss why you should care about this game-changing technology.

Understanding IEEE 802

IEEE 802.15.4 is a wireless networking technology that provides the technical specifications for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs), allowing networked devices to communicate with one another in a variety of industrial and commercial settings, including healthcare, environmental monitoring, smart energy, home automation, and more.

Definition and key features

IEEE 802.15.4 is a wireless networking standard developed for low-power, low-data-rate applications in Personal Area Networks (PANs) for IoT, embedded systems, and wireless sensor networks. It is known for its low power consumption, extended battery life, mesh networking capabilities, and cost-effectiveness. This RF-based technology operates on various frequencies such as 2.4 GHz band while supporting data transmission rates up to a maximum of 250 kbps. IEEE 802.15.4 also offers robust network security using encryption methods like Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to ensure secure communication between connected devices within a PAN ecosystem.

Basic architecture and network topology

The IEEE 802.15.4 technology's basic architecture consists of three layers, including the physical layer, media access control (MAC) layer, and networking layer. Mesh and star network topologies are used to connect devices. Mesh topology enables direct communication between devices without the need for a central hub or node, while star topology has all devices communicate with a central node. The technology offers versatile options for designing networks based on specific requirements and constraints of various applications such as industrial automation, healthcare monitoring systems, smart homes, and environmental monitoring systems, while keeping low-power consumption costs in mind due to their energy-efficient features.

Types of devices in IEEE 802.15.4 Technology

IEEE 802.15.4 technology includes various types of devices that can be used for wireless communication and networking. These devices are −

Coordinator − This device is responsible for initiating the PAN (Personal Area Network) and managing the network.

Full Function Device (FFD) − This device has the ability to act as a coordinator or a router, and can also host other devices.

Reduced Function Device (RFD) − A device that can only communicate with FFDs, but not capable of hosting other devices or working as a coordinator.

Sensor Node − This device includes sensor modules for monitoring physical parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, etc., and transmit data wirelessly to the receiver.

Actuator Node − This device receives information sent by the controller node and performs actions accordingly to control actuators such as motors, pumps, valves, etc.

Gateway Node − A bridge between different networks to exchange data using different protocols such as Wi-Fi or Ethernet.

Repeater Node − A device that retransmits data packets from one node to another in order to extend the range of network coverage.

These different types of devices offer versatile options for creating industrial applications using IEEE 802.15.4 technology, ranging from monitoring physical parameters to controlling electrical appliances remotely via wireless networks.

Applications of IEEE 802

IEEE 802.15.4 technology finds numerous applications in various fields, including industrial automation, smart energy, healthcare, home automation, and environmental monitoring and control.

Industrial Automation − This section highlights how IEEE 802.15.4 technology is an integral part of industrial automation and how wireless sensor networks utilizing IEEE 802.15.4 Technology can support a range of applications such as asset tracking, temperature control, and predictive maintenance.

Smart Energy − This section discusses how IEEE 802.15.4 technology enables remote control, monitoring, and management of energy consumption by using smart meters and sensors, resulting in better demand management, lower costs, and prevention of blackouts.

Healthcare − This section discusses how IEEE 802.15.4 technology enables remote patient monitoring systems, facilitates telemedicine services for remote diagnosis and treatment of various illnesses, and enables seamless communication between different medical devices like insulin pumps, pacemakers, and cardiac monitors.

Home Automation − This section explains how IEEE 802.15.4 technology impacts home automation, allowing homeowners to have remote control over different devices in their homes, making life more comfortable, convenient, and secure.

Environmental Monitoring and Control − This section highlights how IEEE 802.15.4 technology enables wireless sensor networks to monitor various environmental parameters like temperature, humidity, air quality, water quality, etc., and provide real-time data for analysis and effective control of the environment.

Benefits of IEEE 802

IEEE 802.15.4 technology offers benefits such as low power consumption and extended battery life, low cost and simple implementation, limited data transmission rate, and limited range and interference.

Low Power Consumption and Extended Battery Life

Low Cost and Simple Implementation

Limited data transmission rate, limited range and interference, low power consumption and extended battery life.

Achieved through limiting data transmission and implementing energy-efficient communication protocols.

Crucial in IoT and industrial settings where frequent battery replacements are impractical and costly.

Popular choice for device manufacturers looking to provide extended battery life while maintaining reliable wireless connectivity.

Requires very little hardware compared to other wireless protocols.

Easy to implement in a variety of applications without requiring extensive technical expertise or specialized equipment.

Lucrative option for a wide range of applications where budget constraints and simplicity are important considerations.

Intentional design choice to balance power consumption with data transfer needs.

More than enough for applications that require periodic sensing and reporting of small amounts of data.

Reduces network congestion and interference between devices in a given network, making it ideal for building reliable wireless sensor networks (WSNs).

Maximum range of around 30 meters, limiting its use in larger facilities or outdoor settings.

2.4 GHz frequency band used can experience interference from other devices such as Wi-Fi routers and microwave ovens.

Still has plenty of applications in industrial settings where a smaller range is suitable, such as environmental monitoring systems within a factory or warehouse setting.

Comparison With ZigBee, Wi-Fi, And Bluetooth

Best suited for applications requiring very low power consumption, limited data transmission rates, and a moderate range.

Ideal choice for industrial applications where energy efficiency and reliability are of utmost importance.

One of the key aspects of IEEE 802.15.4 technology is how it compares to other wireless communication standards like ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth. This comparison is crucial in understanding the unique advantages of IEEE 802.15.4 and its applications in various industries.

By comparing IEEE 802.15.4 to ZigBee, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, we can see that this technology is best suited for applications requiring very low power consumption, limited data transmission rates, and a moderate range. This makes it an ideal choice for industrial applications where energy efficiency and reliability are of utmost importance.

In conclusion, IEEE 802.15.4 technology has revolutionized the world of wireless communication, particularly in the realm of industrial automation and IoT devices. As technology continues to unleash its potential, we can expect to see further developments in this standard, particularly concerning energy efficiency and network security. With low power consumption and cost-effective implementation, IEEE 802.15.4 has become an essential tool for engineers and developers alike as they work towards creating smarter homes, cities and industries using wireless mesh networks that help people stay connected with each other seamlessly!

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IEEE 802.15.4

Apr 04, 2019

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IEEE 802.15.4. Content. Overview Topologies Superframe structure Frame formatting Data service Management service Interframe spacing CSMA procedure. Introduction. Until recently the main concentration In wireless was on high throughput.

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• optional frame structure battery
• general mac frame format
• different roles
• smart badges
• cluster nodes

Presentation Transcript

Content • Overview • Topologies • Superframe structure • Frame formatting • Data service • Management service • Interframe spacing • CSMA procedure

Introduction • Until recently the main concentration In wireless was on high throughput. • Some applications for home automation, security, agriculture,industrial etc. have relaxed throughput requirements with low power consumption and low cost. • Existing standards are not suitable because of high complexity, power implications and high cost.

Applications Home automation • heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, security, lighting, and the control of objects. Industrial • detecting emergency situations, monitoring machines Automotive • automotive sensing, such as tire pressure monitoring; Agriculture • sensing of soil moisture, pesticide, herbicide, and pH levels. Others • Controlling consumer electronics, PC peripherals etc. Data rate needed ranges from 115.2 kb/s to less than 10 kb/s.

802.15.4 Architecture Upper Layers IEEE 802.2 IEEE 802.15.4 SSCS LLC, Type I IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz 2400 MHz PHY PHY

Protocol Drivers • Extremely low cost • Ease of installation • Reliable data transfer • Short range operation • Reasonable battery life

802.15.4 Overview • Star and peer-to-peer topologies • Optional frame structure • Association • CSMA-CA channel access mechanism • Packet validation and message rejection • Optional guaranteed time slots • Guaranteed packet delivery • Facilitates low-power operation • Security

IEEE 802.15.4 Device Classes • Full function device (FFD) • Any topology • PAN coordinator capable • Talks to any other device • Implements complete protocol set • Reduced function device (RFD) • Limited to star topology or end-device in a peer-to-peer network. • Cannot become a PAN coordinator • Very simple implementation • Reduced protocol set

IEEE 802.15.4 Definitions • Network Device: An RFD or FFD implementation containing an IEEE 802.15.4 medium access control and physical interface to the wireless medium. • Coordinator: An FFD with network device functionality that provides coordination and other services to the network. • PAN Coordinator: A coordinator that is the principal controller of the PAN. A network has exactly one PAN coordinator.

Low-Power Operation • Duty-cycle control using superframe structure • Beacon order and superframe order • Coordinator battery life extension • Indirect data transmission • Devices may sleep for extended period over multiple beacons • Allows control of receiver state by higher layers

Typical Network Topologies

FFD Communications flow RFD Star Topology PAN coordinator Master/slave

FFD Communications flow RFD Peer-Peer Topology PAN coordinators Point to point Cluster tree

FFD Communications flow RFD Combined Topology Clustered stars - for example, cluster nodes exist between rooms of a hotel and each room has a star network for control.

Technical Characteristics • Physical layer • 20 kbps over 1 channel @ 868-868.6 MHz • 40 kbps over 10 channels @ 905 – 928 MHz • 250 kbps over 16 channels @ 2.4 GHz • MAC protocol • Single channel at any one time • Combines contention-based and schedule-based schemes • Asymmetric: nodes can assume different roles

Physical Frequencies and Channels Channel 0 Channels 1-10 2 MHz 868MHz / 915MHz PHY 868.3 MHz 902 MHz 928 MHz 2.4 GHz PHY Channels 11-26 5 MHz 2.4 GHz 2.4835 GHz

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Modulation/Spreading • 2.4 GHz PHY • 250 kb/s (4 bits/symbol, 62.5 kBaud) • Data modulation is 16-ary orthogonal modulation • 16 symbols are ~orthogonal set of 32-chip PN codes • Chip modulation is MSK at 2.0 Mchips/s • 868MHz/915MHz PHY • Symbol Rate • 868 MHz Band: 20 kb/s (1 bit/symbol, 20 kBaud) • 915 MHz Band: 40 kb/s (1 bit/symbol, 40 kBaud) • Data modulation is BPSK with differential encoding • Spreading code is a 15-chip m-sequence • Chip modulation is BPSK at • 868 MHz Band: 300 kchips/s • 915 MHz Band: 600 kchips/s

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Common Parameters • Transmit Power • Capable of at least 1 mW • Transmit Center Frequency Tolerance •  40 ppm • Receiver Sensitivity (Packet Error Rate <1%) • -85 dBm @ 2.4 GHz band • -92 dBm @ 868/915 MHz band • RSSI Measurements • Packet strength indication • Clear channel assessment • Dynamic channel selection

IEEE 802.15.4 PHY Overview Packet Structure • PHY Packet Fields • Preamble (32 bits) – synchronization • Start of Packet Delimiter (8 bits) • PHY Header (8 bits) – PSDU length • PSDU (0 to 1016 bits) – Data field Start of Packet Delimiter PHY Header PHY Service Data Unit (PSDU) Preamble 6 Octets 0-127 Octets

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Overview General Frame Structure • 4 Types of MAC Frames: • Data Frame • Beacon Frame • Acknowledgment Frame • MAC Command Frame

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC overview • All devices have IEEE addresses • Short addresses can be allocated • Addressing modes: • Network + device identifier (star) • Source/destination identifier (peer-peer)

15ms * 2n where 0  n  14 Network beacon Transmitted by PAN coordinator. Contains network information, frame structure and notification of pending node messages. Beacon extension period Space reserved for beacon growth due to pending node messages Contention period Access by any node using CSMA-CA Guaranteed Time Slot Reserved for nodes requiring guaranteed bandwidth [n = 0]. Optional Frame Structure Battery life extension GTS 3 GTS 2 GTS 1 Contention Access Period Contention Free Period Slot

15ms * 2SO where 0  SO  14 15ms * 2BO where SO  BO  14 Optional Frame Structure • Superframe may have inactive period Inactive Period SO = Superframe order BO = Beacon order

IEEE 802.15.4 MAC overview • Star networks: devices are associated with coordinators • Forming a PAN, identified by a PAN identifier • Coordinator • Bookkeeping of devices, address assignment, generate beacons • Talks to devices and peer coordinators • Beacon-mode superframe structure • GTS assigned to devices upon request b

General MAC Frame Format Frame control field

Beacon Frame Format

MAC Command Frame • Command Frame Types • Association request • Association response • Disassociation notification • Data request • PAN ID conflict notification • Orphan Notification • Beacon request • Coordinator realignment • GTS request

Data Frame Format Acknowledgement Frame Format

Data Service • Data transfer to neighboring devices • Acknowledged or unacknowledged • Direct or indirect • Using GTS service • Maximum data length (MSDU) aMaxMACFrameSize(102 bytes)

Data TransferMessage Sequence Diagram

Indirect Data TransferMessage Sequence Diagram

Passive Scan

Active Scan

OrphaningMessage Sequence Diagram

Inter-frame Spacing For frames ≤ aMaxSIFSFrameSize use short inter-frame spacing (SIFS) For frames > aMaxSIFSFrameSize use long inter-frame spacing (LIFS)

Slotted CSMA Procedure Used in beacon enabled networks.

Un-slotted CSMA Procedure Used in non-beacon networks.

802.15.4 Architecture Applications • Network Routing • Address translation • Packet Segmentation • Profiles ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 868/915 MHz 2400 MHz PHY PHY

ZigBee • Relation to 802.15.4 similar to Bluetooth / 802.15.1 • Pushed by Chipcon (now TI), ember, freescale (Motorola), Honeywell, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Philips, Samsung… • More than 260 members • about 15 promoters, 133 participants, 111 adopters • must be member to commercially use ZigBee spec • ZigBee platforms comprise • IEEE 802.15.4 for layers 1 and 2 • ZigBee protocol stack up to the applications

ZigBee Stack Architecture

Typical ZigBee-Enabled Device Design Typical design consist of RF IC and 8-bit microprocessor with peripherals connected to an application sensor or actuators

34KB /14KB 356 mA Wireless Technology Comparison Chart

Competing/Similar Technologies • Bluetooth • http://www.bluetooth.org • http://www.bluetooth.com • X10 • Powerline protocol first introduced in the 1970's. • http://www.x10.com/technology1.htm • Z-wave • Proprietary protocol for wireless home control networking. • http://www.z-wavealliance.com/ • INSTEON • Peer-to-peer mesh networking product that features a hybrid radio/powerline transmission • http://www.insteon.net • nanoNET • Proprietary set of wireless sensor protocols, designed to compete with ZigBee. • http://www.nanotron.com/

Bluetooth based WPAN Few devices Data range is 10m to 100m Data rate is nearly 1Mb/s Power consumption is a low. Battery life is low. Star only. IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Many devices Data range is nearly 10m Data rate is 20 kb/s,40kb/s,250kb/s. Power consumption is ultra low. Battery lasts years. peer to peer,Star. Bluetooth vs IEEE 802.15.4.

Summary • 802.15.4: Low-Rate, Very Low-Power • Low data rate solution with multi-month to multi-year battery life and very low complexity • Potential applications are sensors, interactive toys, smart badges, remote controls, and home automation • Data rates of 20-250 kbit/s, latency down to 15 ms • Master-Slave or Peer-to-Peer operation • Up to 254 devices or 64516 simpler nodes • Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks • CSMA/CA channel access (data centric), slotted (beacon) or unslotted • Automatic network establishment by the PAN coordinator • Dynamic device addressing, flexible addressing format • Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability • Power management to ensure low power consumption • 16 channels in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915 MHz US ISM band and one channel in the European 868 MHz band • Basis of the ZigBee technology – www.zigbee.org

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IEEE 802.15.4. Speaker: Li-Wen Chen Date: 2010-04-28. Introduction. There have been several attempts to network the home environment. The approaches to achieve this goal can easily be classified in two groups: wired and wireless networks. A key motivation for use of wireless technology is

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IEEE 802.15.4 Overview

IEEE 802.15.4 Overview. 2007/11/28 Chia-Hung Tsai. IEEE 802.15 working group. Comparison between WPAN. ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 market feature. Low power consumption Low cost Low offered message throughput Supports large network orders (&lt;= 65k nodes) Low to no QoS guarantees

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ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview. New trend of wireless technology. Most Wireless industry focus on increasing high data throughput A set of applications requiring simple wireless connectivity, relaxed throughput, very low power, short distance and inexpensive Industrial Agricultural

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ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4. Origin Of Name ZigBee.

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ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 Overview. Y.-C. Tseng CS/NCTU. New trend of wireless technology. Most Wireless industry focuses on increasing high data throughput

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ZigBee /IEEE 802.15.4

Presentation for Custom Implantation of DSP Systems Course. ZigBee /IEEE 802.15.4. Course Instructor: Prof. Fakhraie Presented by: Sajjad Shieh Ali Saleh. September 25, 2014. All the materials are copy rights of their respective authors as listed in references.

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IEEE 802.15.4 Overview. Presented to Hardware Action Group Active Tagging (HAT) at GS1 Joint GSMP-JAG Meeting 2009 Mike McInnis The Boeing Company. 802.15.4 Standard Task Groups. 802.15.4 defines 1 Mac + 3 PHYs (2.4 GHz, Europe, Australia) 802.15.4a defines 2 PHYs

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IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Standard

IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) Standard. 802.15.4 Application Space. Home Networking Automotive Networks Industrial Networks Interactive Toys Remote Metering. 802.15.4 Application Topology. Cable replacement - Last meter connectivity Virtual Wire Wireless Hub Stick-On Sensor. Mobility.

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WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee)

WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee). WWAN &lt; 15 km 802.20, GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 2.5G, 3G, 4G. WMAN &lt; 5 km 802.16 – 70 Mbps LMDS – 38 Mbps. WLAN &lt; 150 m 11 – 54 Mbps 802.11 HiperLAN/2. WPAN &lt; 10 m Bluetooth 、 UWB 、 Zigbee. 无线通信网络分类图. Common Aliases for Wireless Standards.

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IEEE 802.15.4. Taekyoung Kwon. 802.15.4. Wireless MAC and PHY layer specifications for Low-rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs) Short distance Little or no infrastructure Small Power-efficient inexpensive. Application spaces. Home Networking Automotive Networks

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IEEE 802.15.4 Draft Standard

IEEE 802.15.4 Draft Standard. Presented by Arsalan Tavakoli CS 294 -11 October 18, 2005. Introduction. Home Networking Application Classes Internet connectivity Multi-PC Connectivity Audio/Video Networking Home Automation Energy Conservation Security. Motivation.

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ZIGBEE/IEEE 802.15.4 PACKET ANALYZER

ZIGBEE/IEEE 802.15.4 PACKET ANALYZER. EC518 – Team 2 – Executive Presentation. Nathan Blagrove Jing Cheng Matthew Hilt. Introduction.

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ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4

What it is: a high-level communication protocol for WSNs and WPANs; a M2M Area Network Technology for WLANs.

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The IEEE 802.15.4 standard

The IEEE 802.15.4 standard . Credits to: Yao Liang (IUPUI, Indianapolis USA). Wireless Simplified Stack. 802.15.4. Principal options and difficulties. Medium access in wireless networks is difficult mainly because of Impossible (or very difficult) to send and receive at the same time

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