review of literature meaning in kannada

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ಜುಲೈ 6ಕ್ಕೆ ‘ಬುಕ್ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ’ ಕಥಾಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ- ಕಾದಂಬರಿ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಯ ಅಂತಿಮ ಸುತ್ತಿನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಪ್ರಕಟ

ವಿಲಾಸ್ ನಾಂದೋಡ್ಕರ್, ರಘುನಾಥ್ ಚ.ಹ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಡಾ.ತೋಂಟದ ಸಿದ್ಧಲಿಂಗ ಶ್ರೀ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ

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'ಕುರಳ್ ತಮಿಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಬಹು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಹೊಂದಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥ‌ 'ತಮಿಳು ವೇದ' ಎಂದು ಜನವೆಲ್ಲಾ ಇದನ್ನು ಕೊಂಡಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ. ತಮಿಳು ಜನರ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ, ನೀತಿ ಧರ್ಮಗಳನ್ನೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸುವುದರಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ಗ್ರಂಥದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ಅ...

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ಬೊಮ್ಮನ್ನಾಳ ಬಾಲನಗೌಡ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ದತ್ತಿ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ವತಿಯಿಂದ ಹಮ್ಮಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲಾಗಿದ್ದ ತೃತೀಯ ವರ್ಷದ ರಾಜ್ಯಮಟ್ಟದ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 ಜೂನ್ 30 ರಂದು ಎಸ್‌.ಆರ್‌.ಎಸ್‌.ವಿ.ಎಸ್ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಸಭಾಂಗಣ ಮಾನ್ವ...

ಗಂಗಪಾಣಿ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ: ಗತದ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಸದ್ಯದ ಅಪಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳ ಮುಖಾಮುಖಿ 

‘ಗಂಗಪಾಣಿ’ ಎನ್ನುವುದು ತುಮಕೂರು ಭಾಗದ ಒಂದು ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ತೆಂಗಿನ ತಳಿ. ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ತುಮಕೂರಿಗೆ ಮಹಾತ್ಮ ಗಾಂಧೀಜಿಯವರು ಬಂದಾಗಿನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಘಟನೆಯನ್ನು ಗಂಗಪಾಣಿಯೊಡನೆ ಸಮೀಕರಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಆ ಭಾಗದ ಜನರಿಗೆ &l...

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ಕಾಣುವಂತೆ ಕಾಣದಂತೆ

‘ಕಾಣುವಂತೆ ಕಾಣದಂತೆ’ ವಿಕ್ರಮ್ ಬಿ ಕೆ ಅವರ ಕತೆಗಳು-ಕವಿತೆಗಳಾಗಿವೆ. ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ವಸುಧೇಂದ್ರ ಅವರ ಬೆನ್ನುಡಿ ಬರಹವಿದೆ; 'ಕಾಣುವಂತೆ ಕಾಣದಂತೆ' ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿ ತುಂಬಾ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ. ಎಲ್‌ಜಿಬಿಟಿ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಬಗೆಗಿನ ಬೇರೆ ಬೇರೆ ಕತೆಗಳು, ಕವನಗಳು ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಓದುಗರಿಗೆ ಸಿಗುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ನನಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿರುವಂತೆ ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಇದೇ ಮೊದಲು. ಕಾಣುವಂತೆ ಕಾಣದಂತೆ ಓದುವ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಮನ ತುಂಬಲಿ.

ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯ

‘ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯ’ ಕೃತಿಯು ಉದಯಕುಮಾರ ಹಬ್ಬು ಅವರ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅನುವಾದಿತ ಕೃತಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಹೀಲ್ಡಾ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ ಡೋವೆಲ್ ಸೆಲಿಗ್ಮೆನ್ ಮೂಲ ಲೇಖಕಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ಜೀವನ ಹಾಗೂ ಆತ ಬೆಳದು ಬಂದ ರೀತಿಯನ್ನು ಇಲ್ಲಿ ದಾಖಲಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಹಿಮವಂತ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜ ಹಿಮವಂತ ಯುದ್ಧದಲ್ಲಿ ನಂದರಿಂದ ಮೃತಪಟ್ಟು, ಮುರಾ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನನ್ನು ಕಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬಿಟ್ಟು ಹೋಗುವ ಪರಿ, ನಂತರದಲ್ಲಿ ಆತ ಕುರಿಗಾಹಿ ಕು

ಎರಡನೇ ದೇವರು

‘ಎರಡನೇ ದೇವರು’ ಕೃತಿಯು ರಮೇಶ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿಗಾರ್ ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಅವರ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಈ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ ಸುಧೀರ್ಘವಾಗಿದ್ದರೂ, ಪಾತ್ರ ಪೋಷಣೆ, ಒಂದಕ್ಕೊಂದು ಅಂಟಿಕೊಂಡು ಅನಾವರಣಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಘಟನೆಗಳು, ಅಲ್ಲಲ್ಲಿ ಸಿಂಪಡಿಸಿದ ಹಾಸ್ಯಪ್ರಜ್ಞೆ, ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಶೈಲಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಹಾಗೂ ಎಚ್.ಆರ್. ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದ ಕೆಲವು ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶಗಳು ಸರಾಗವಾಗಿ ಹರಿಯುತ್ತಾ ಒಂದು ಸಂತೃಪ್ತ ಓದಿ ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಒಂದು ಹೆಣ್ಣನ್ನು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರವಾಗಿ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ ಬರೆಯುವುದು ಸುಲಭವಲ್ಲ. ಕಥೆ

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History of Kannada literature: Readership Lectures

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English book on richness of Kannada literature

B.a. vivek rai and c.n. ramachandran’s work covers 8 centuries during which the language flourished.

Updated - November 11, 2021 10:23 am IST

Published - November 11, 2021 01:25 am IST - Mangaluru

B.A. Vivek Rai

An English book on medieval Kannada poetry, which shows how Kannada literature flourished between the 12th and 19th centuries, is ready for release.

Written by scholars B.A. Vivek Rai and C.N. Ramachandran, the work of about 400 pages, under print, is being brought out by Kannada University, Hampi. There are 10 chapters on vachana , ragale , satpadi , Dasa literature, sangatya , tripadi , tatwapada , sataka poetry, Yakshagana literature, and medieval prose.

Begins with discussion

Each chapter begins with a discussion on the nature and history of the particular form, followed by a brief introduction to major writers and works in that form. It concludes with selected verses translated into English.

C.N. Ramachandran

Mr. Ramachandran is a well-known critic, writer, and former professor of English at Mangalore University. Mr. Rai is a former Vice-Chancellor of Kannada University and Karnataka State Open University (KSOU), and also a former professor of Kannada at Mangalore University.

The authors said that linguists trace, roughly, three stages of Kannaa as a language, spoken and written: Haagannaa (old Kannada, 5th century to 12th century), Naugannaa (middle Kannada, 12th to 19th century), and Hosagannaa (modern Kannada, 19th century onwards). The scholars have designated a phase roughly from the 9th century to the end of the 11th century as the classical period.

The authors argue that medieval Kannada literature can be considered the richest period both in quality and quantity, owing to its different politico-religious ideologies, new metrical forms, constant experimentation, abundance of varying forms of literature, and writers of different religious identities.

‘Poetry was inclusive’

“Medieval Kannada poetry was inclusive, multi-faceted, and democratic,” Mr. Rai and Mr. Ramachandran told The Hindu .

The first work on poetics in Kannada ( Kavirajamarga ), the first work in prose ( Voddaradhane ), the two epics by the great poet Pampa ( Adipurana and Vikramarjuna Vijaya ), the works of Ponna, Ranna, Chavundaraya, Nagavarma – and others who came a little later than Pampa – were all written during this period, they said.

The authors said that three Bhakti-centred streams (Vachana, Haridasa compositions, and Tatwapada) flourished through the medieval period.

People of all castes and classes got an opportunity to enter the literary field and write poetry during this period. For the first time in the history of Kannada literature, Dalits, socially mariginalised classes, and all those who depended on manual work and occupations considered “low” could claim equal status in Anubhava Manapa (in the 12th century) and compose vachanas.

Similar social awareness was to be found during the period of Haridasa literature too. Many women writers emerged during this period.

It was also during this period that Muslim poets, such as Motnahalli Hassan Sab, Channura Jalal Sab, and Bada Saheba, began to write in Kannada, in the 17th century. In Haridasa sahitya, Bada Saheba got initiated into the sect and composed about 700 songs.

The most famous Muslim poet in the early part of the 19th century was Shishunala Sharif.

Grammatical bonds

Kannada, in the medieval period, not only freed itself from rigid grammatical bonds, but also opened itself freely to other languages. The tradition of reading, singing poetry in public, and explaining it in simple words, known as gamaka , began during this period and continues even today, the authors say.

Yakshagana prasangas (performance texts) became a part of literature in the medieval period.

The Yakshagana texts, available from the 16th century, are simultaneously a literary form and performance texts.

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best kannada books to read

Kannada is the Dravidian language of Karnataka and one of the classical languages of India. To taste the richness of literacy, few of the best Kannada books are available. For making the job effortless, here is the list of the best Kannada books to read in the year 2023. A total of 16 books from multiple genres are given here. This list is compiled based on the reader’s choice, rating and literacy richness.

Our Top Picks

• Aavarana : Best For concepts of religion, liberalism, and false concepts of Indian society 
• Malegalali Madumagalu   : Best For life of people in the hills of western ghats, kuvempu highlighted the social discrimination in terms of casteism, religion and women empowerment 
•   Karvalo : Best For  flying lizard present in the woods of  Western Ghats  

Best Kannada Books To Read

1. aavarana.

Avarana by S.L. Bhyrappa is one of the most famous Kannada novels of all time. It was initially published in the year 2007 in Kannada; it is later translated to English, Tamil, Hindi and many more. The novel uncovers the concepts of religion, liberalism, and false concepts of Indian society.

Details : -

• Author - Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa
• Price - 311 rs.
• Page length- 400 pages

Video Review

2. Malegalali Madumagalu

Malegalalli Madumagalu is one of the quality novels of Kannada language written by Kuvempu . The author cherishes the wealth of the hills of malenadu through his words. Describing the life of people in the hills of western ghats, kuvempu highlighted the social discrimination in terms of casteism, religion and women empowerment. This is one perfect Kannada book to read if you are a lover of classics.

Details :- 

• Author _ Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa
• Price - ₹375.
• Page length- 272 pages

Karvalo by K.P. Poornachandra Tejaswi is a non-fiction drama about a scientist, a farmer and a local cowboy. The storyline is about their journey of finding an extinct flying lizard present in the woods of Western Ghats . Tejaswi won the “Most creative novel of the year” award for this book in 1980.

• Author : Poornachandra Tejaswi,
• Price - ₹125
• Publication House: Pustaka Prakashana

4. Mookajjiya Kanasugalu

Mookajjiya Kanasugalu is a storyline between a Grandmother with the supernatural power of seeing past and future through dreams and her grandson subbaraya . The controversial thoughts of human beings about the old superstitious beliefs, cultural evolution and origin of tradition are described through the eyes of a Granny.  Kota Shivarama Karanth won the prestigious Jnanpith Award for this book.

• Author :  Karanth Shivarama
• Price - ₹185
• Publication House : SBS Publishers
• Pages : 280

5. Jugaari Cross

Jugaari Cross is another spectacular literature work written by K.P. Poornachandra Tejaswi . Unlike Karvalo which is a dramatic novel revealing the meaning of life, Jugaari cross is a suspense thriller . The storyline describes the World’s economic impact on an ordinary farming couple’s life.

• Author : Purnachandra Tejasvi
• Price - ₹250
• Publication House : Pustaka Prakashana
• Pages : 207

6. Kiragoorina Gayyaligalu

K.P. Poornachandra Tejaswi is a prominent writer and novelist in Kannada literature. He is known for his works like Jugari Cross , Karvalo, Chidambara Rahasya and many more. Kiragoorina Gayyaligalu is one such novel written by him about feminism. The novel was later directed into a movie of the same name in 2016. In which, Shweta srinivatsa plays the lead role of Dhannamma.

• Author : Rao Jadav A N
• Price - ₹50
• Publication House : Navakarnataka Publications Pvt Ltd

7. Chidambara Rahasya

Chidambara rahasya is an award-winning novel written by K.P. Poornachandra Tejaswi. It won Sahitya Akademi Award for Kannada in 1987. The book tells about the life of people in a small Indian village. Chidambara rahasya is one good book of plots and twists, which was later directed into a television serial in 2016 .

• Author :Poornachandra Tejaswi K P
• Price - ₹215
• Pages : 220

8. Rudraprayaagada Bhayaanaka Narabhakshaka

K.P. Poornachandra tejaswi has his very own way of writing to visualize the scene in the reader’s mind. Such a great talent of the author makes Rudraprayaagada Ada Bhayanaka Narabhakshaka an epic story treat for his readers.

• Author : Poorna Chandra Tejaswi
• Publication House : Pusthaka Prakaashana
• Price - ₹127
• Pages : 180

9. Kanooru Heggadithi

Kanooru Heggadithi or Kanuru Heggadathi by kuvempu is another masterpiece based on the lifestyle of village people. The rebellious female character Subbamma, the third wife of Chandre Gowda , takes revenge against all wrong men after her husband’s demise. Kuvempu has made a revolution in female characterization through his words. This book bridges the gap between the women’s revolution before independence 

And the current generation. This novel was later directed into a movie by the same name and won the prestigious National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada in 2000.

• Author : Kuvempu
• Price - ₹380
• Publication House : pustak prakasna
• Pages : 590

10. Mankutimmana Kagga

Mankutimmana Kagga is one of the popular literature works in Kannada written by D.V. Gundappa in 1943 . This book is also known as the Bhagavad Gita of Kannada language. Mankutimmana Kagga is a collection of 943 poems that expresses the reality of life And its deep meaning. Kagga poems are the best version of teaching a person about ‘how to live a balanced life’. For a classic Kannada literature treat, do read Mankutimmana Kagga poems.

• Author : Srikanth
• Publication House : Srikanth
• Pages : 362

11. Chomana Dudi

Chomana Dudi by Kota Shivarama Karanth is a story based on untouchability that was practiced in India before independence. The novel name Chomana Dudi means Choma’s drum . An untouchable backward class farmer, Choma, struggling to farm on his land, faces hardships in life. That made him lock himself in his house and play the drums until his death. This novel is directed into a movie of the same name. It won 3 most prestigious National Film Awards , including one for “Best Story”.

• Author : K. Shivaraama Kaaranth
• Publication House : Total Kannada

12. Annana Nenapu

Annana Nenapu is a biography of K.P. Poornachandra Tejaswi. He is a prominent Kannada writer and son of the national poet of India, Rashtrakavi Kuvempu. The book ‘Annana Nenapu’ describes tejaswi’s childhood and good old days with his father. He also narrates the actual lifestyle of kuvempu and his bonding with his family. The book is an inspiration pearl to any tejaswi and kuvempu fan .

• Author : K P PURNACHANDRA TEJASVI
• Price - ₹210
• Publication House : PUSTAKA PRAKASHANA
• Pages : 236

Parva by S.L. Bhyrappa is a modern classic version of retelling the principles of the epic Mahabharata. The novel depicts the personal reflection of the Mahabharata characters, especially in the Kurukshetra war. It discusses the aspects of war in a more rational view. This is one of his prominent literature works which is translated into 7 different Indian languages and several other foreign languages like Chinese, and Russian. The Tamil and Telugu versions of this book won Sahitya Akademi’s Translation award in 2004 .

• Author : S.L. Bhyrappa
• Price - ₹825
• Publication House : Saahithya Bhandaara
• Pages : 600

14. Brahma Puriya Bhikshuka

Brahma Puriya Bhikshuka by Shatavadaani Dr Ganesh is a collection of intimate anecdotes of the life of the beloved writer D.V. Gundappa. In his book, he reported the values and principles of DVG in his work, society and life.

• Author : Shathaavadhaani R. Ganesh
• Price - ₹150
• Publication House : Saahithya Prakaashana (16 March 2017)

15. Cream of Kailasam

Cream of Kailasam by Keshava Rao B. S is a book that describes the humor of K. P Kailasam. Thanjavur Paramasiva Iyer Kailasam Or K.P. Kailasam was a famous playwright and writer in Kannada literature. He is popularly known for his titles Prahasana Prapitamaha and Kannadakke Obbane Kailasam.

• Author : B S Keshava Rao
• Publication House : Ankitha Pusthaka
• Price - ₹95
• Pages : 

16. Vamshavruksha

Vamsha vruksha by S. L. Bhyrappa is all about the revolutionizing transformation of families from a traditional bound background To modern India to preserving their integrity and their lineage. The story covers the taboos of widow remarriage, the interwoven tragedies and triumphs. Vamsha Viruksha was directed into a movie in 1977 by B. V. Karanth and Girish Karnad.

• Author : S L Bhariappa
• Price - ₹415
• Publication House : Sahitya Bhandara
• Pages : 560

In Kannada literature, writers like kuvempu worked hard to convey language richness to people through novels. For anyone exploring Kannada literature, these books are true gems to read. Each of these Kannada books has its unique way to provoke the reader’s mind.

Frequently asked questions (FAQs) 

Q1. which is the first kannada book.

A grammar of the Kurnata Language by William Carey, written and published in 1817, is the first printed book in the Kannada language. This book was printed in a Missionary Press in Kolkata about 2 centuries ago.

Q2. Who wrote the first Kannada book?

William Carey, a British Christian missionary from London, wrote the first Kannada book. He was a doctor and also a professor of several languages, including Kannada. With the help of two Kannada-speaking persons, Carey wrote the “A Grammar of the Kurnata Language” book in 1817.

Q3. Who is the founder of Kannada?

Beyond the fact of the Kannada language existence from the period 800-600 BC. The earliest ever Kannada literary work “Kavirajamarga” by the Rashtrakuta King Amoghavarsha I was written in the 9th century.

Q4. Who is the father of modern Kannada literature?

B. M. Srikantaiah is regarded as the "Father of modern Kannada literature". Belluru Mylaraiah Srikantaiah was a famous writer and translator of Kannada language in the 20th century .

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Kannada World, Indian Cosmos

A comprehensive presentation of modern kannada literature in translation.

SIRIGANNADA PRESENTS THE READER , especially the non-Kannada reader, with a wide range of Kannada writing that reflects the concerns, preoccupations and anxieties of writers and critics regarding contemporary Kannada culture. The anthology features short stories, extracts from plays and novels, a couple of poems, an autobiographical narrative and a few essays. What is of great interest is that the pieces in the volume represent the diverse traditions within Kannada culture and literature and, very importantly, also bring the reader face to face with the changes India has been undergoing during the past two decades, widely recognised as the phase of globalisation. In this sense, the anthology—through translation—captures the Kannada world as representative of the Indian cosmos.

The Kannada literary tradition moved into a modernist phase—called Navya in Kannada—more than 50 years ago. The Navya phase generated tremendous intellectual energy by closely interrogating long-held notions of tradition, culture, community life and individual choices. The enormous positive scepticism of the Navya writers continues to be one of the most outstanding features of Kannada literary and cultural traditions and—even after several decades—marks contemporary Kannada consciousness.

There followed a phase during which the specificity of the Dalit experience journeyed into a larger ideological terrain (inspired by Marxist ideas) that dealt with the oppression of all lower castes and marginalised sections of society. This phase is recognised as the Bandaya phase—meaning 'protest'. Bandaya literature is protest literature.

It is imperative to recognise that there also exists a continuous and uninterrupted flow of a feminist consciousness in the Kannada literary tradition. Though not clearly acknowledged by the dominant critical tradition, it was constantly evolving to become a literary force on its own terms, even demanding the construction of a full-fledged feminist theory.

All these echoes, resonances and voices are adequately represented in this volume. Most of the pieces here belong to the past two decades. The promising writers of the younger generation included in this book provide a contrast to the big names of the Navya period such as UR Ananthamurthy, Chandrashekhara Kambara, P Lankesh, KP Poornachandra Tejaswi and Girish Karnad.

Rather than present a chronological and linear account of the literary tradition, which is what the book does, it is far more useful to focus attention on the thematic patterns and ideological concerns that emerge from the works. A conceptual approach opens up to the reader the dualities, contradictions and paradoxes of a culture and a society in transition. The Navya writers argued that the experiences of the individuals and the communities they depicted were not merely consciously held positions that had to be 'stated' in a work of art. On the contrary, it was necessary for the writer to transmute ideas into experiences out of which such positions would emerge. In other words, works of art needed to 'enact' the dilemmas of human beings and not project them as 'objective ideas'.

Several tensions of the contemporary world find expression in these pieces—feudalism; patriarchy; mythical beliefs; the virtual reality of a globalised world; the turmoil of widows in a dehumanised traditional order; the historical location of a mythological world; the existential predicament of a Dalit; the manipulations of an opportunistic, smalltime politician's lackey; and the ideological and moral conflicts of a brutal, hegemonising nation-state.  The works articulate these issues through a wide range of imagery and by employing different kinds of metaphors and symbols only to highlight the complexities of our times. The overlapping of social situations, historical contexts and the reenactment of individual anguish and misery at different junctures point to the continuum in which individuals and communities confront their destinies.

In the short story 'Kamaroopi', UR Ananthamurthy portrays the wily moves of a smart operator in a world of petty politics, revealing its nexus with the worlds of commerce and trade, and underlining the nature of our amoral socio-political order. The manner in which nation-building takes place through an unholy alliance of corrupt politicians and the utterly faceless world of modern business is a telling comment on the nature of our nation-state and the moral bankruptcy of our civil society with its façade of dignity and honour.

P Lankesh in 'Classmate' and Kum Veerabhadrappa in 'The Handshake Episode' attempt to unravel the labyrinths of a decadent feudal order governed by a dehumanising caste system. Even as these short stories deal with the cruelties of the feudal world, they foreground the many subtle ways in which modernity makes its way into that world and weaves a pattern into the feudal fabric. The two stories depict the complex manner in which Indian feudalism undergoes a transformation and how individuals experience a metamorphosis, not through dramatic revolutions, but by means of subversive acts.

A truly modern sensibility is at work in the fiction of Ananthamurthy and Lankesh, which is manifested differently in KP Poornachandra Tejaswi's story, 'An Indentured Spirit'. Adopting a comical mode, Tejaswi contrasts the rational, sceptical attitude of a modern protagonist with the myths and superstitions that prevail in a rural landscape. Tejaswi does not create a simplistic opposition between the two. Instead, in the story, myths and superstitions are used by a crafty old Harijan, Maara, to hoodwink gullible villagers for his own gains. The story—through a distinct modern consciousness—unfolds all the strategies of survival of a so-called primitive and backward world, in no way inferior to those of the modern world. In this, Tejasvi differs from the other Navya writers who were more concerned with urban themes.

The Kannada literary sensibility, in spite of a predominant rational consciousness, has juxtaposed aspects of modernity with several elements of a mythological world. Chandrashekhara Kambara and Girish Karnad are two writers who use myths in an extremely creative manner, historicising them with great sophistication. The fine relationship between myth and history finds full expression in the excerpts from Kambara's Shikara Soorya and Girish Karnad's Agni mattu Male (Fire and the Rain). The Kannada literary tradition offers a mythopoeic imagination that compels us to question the dominant epistemological constructs of Western sociology, anthropology and history.

THE INTERIOR SPACES OF WOMEN have always been a major presence in the writings of the modernists. The existential agony that women undergo, their traumatic experiences and their quiet resolve and resilience have long captured the imagination of writers. What is significant is that depicting the woman's predicament has not been the sole prerogative of women writers. Many male writers too have, with remarkable sensitivity and empathy, dealt with the inner world of women. Even though literary critics have overlooked works by and about women in Kannada literature, writers have in fact tended to highlight the female protagonist. Vasudhendra in 'Take Vajee also to Play with you, Please', Sunanda Prakash Kadame in 'Imprints of Little Feet' and Vivek Shanbhag in 'Reason' take us into the different realms of women's experiences—especially of widows who carry all kinds of psychological and social burdens without hope of freeing themselves from their despair and loneliness. These writers construct images and metaphors which add to the rich tradition of capturing social realities through metaphorical means—something the Kannada literary tradition has constantly nurtured.

These three short stories are not mere expressions of pathos and victimhood. In fact, they show readers the unseen and unexplored power of a woman who draws all strength and vitality from her own inner resources. Kadame, in particular, makes it possible for an old woman to transcend the anguish of the present by allowing her to imagine and experience the innocence of childhood without any melodrama or sentimentality. The construction of nostalgia by Kadame is a strong retort to many who believe only in realistic representations and frown upon nostalgia as indulgence.

Vaidehi, the best-known among the women writers of Karnataka, in her story 'Going by Tables and Chairs' blends the literal and the symbolic to create a fascinating story of the world of patriarchs, matriarchs and the emerging consciousness of a younger generation of girls who, through innocent and playful means, challenge patriarchal constructs and try to shape a distinct identity. Vaidehi endearingly narrates the gradual emergence of the new woman.

The narratives about women—by male and female writers—compel the reader to give women's writing greater attention and respect and to even build specific theoretical positions minus patronising attitudes. This collection forces one to shed the concessive gestures often employed when evaluating women's writing in Kannada.

Recent Kannada writing has also engaged with the new patterns of behaviour emerging in individual and community life during the past two decades. Even those individuals strongly rooted in their own local cultures find it compellingly necessary to reexamine their roots and identities when they move into the urban world—the metropolis—for professional reasons. The new awareness that the globalised world gives rise to in displaced individuals and the uncertainties and anxieties it creates in local cultures, which cannot escape its influence, make up the writing of the younger generation. In this anthology, KV Akshara in 'Story within a Story' (excerpted from his play Swayamvaraloka ) and Jayant Kaikini in his story 'Tick Tock Buddy' deal with all these phenomena most vividly. The manner in which indigenous forms of life are dragged into alien lifestyles and the subtle ways in which individuals alter their feelings and attitudes towards personal relations and societal ties are captured graphically by these younger writers. In other words, 'hybridity' is what these writers are trying to capture as a concrete experience and not as a mere theoretical proposition. It is through the realms of experience and local cultures that hybridity emerges in the work of the new generation.

The Kannada literary world woke up to the sensation that Dalit writers created through an idiom that was quite unfamiliar to mainstream writers. In the 1970s, writers like Devanur Mahadeva and Siddalingaiah added an important dimension to the Dalit movement which, of course, was embedded in radical activism and engendered several controversies. Siddalingaiah's poetry collection Hole Maadigara Haadu shocked the settled mores of the literary world. He used swear words and terms of abuse that come from the distinct caste/class layers of society whose rage he was trying to articulate in his poetry. The idiom that Siddalingaiah used brought into the Kannada literary tradition a range of expression that was not, in conventional terms, 'literary' or 'poetic'—one could relate it with what 'Black Writing' had achieved in the West.

But over the decades, Dalit expression has evolved enough to move away from its initial phase of fury and aggression and finds its articulation through irony, humour, sarcasm and, more significantly, a deep, meditative, self-reflexive consciousness. The chapter extracted here from Siddalingaiah's autobiography Ooru Keri is illustrative of the fascinating transition Dalit literature has undergone over the decades.

Globalisation has created a great divide in perceptions and choices as far as fundamental economic issues are concerned. For the past three decades, India, as a nation-state and a sociocultural entity, has been debating the wisdom of pursing and executing certain notions of 'progress', 'development' and 'growth'. This has created an irreconcilable antagonism between various political groups and communities and each ideological position creates multiple counterpositions and oppositional stances. A firm commitment to justice and equality—coming from genuine socialist centres—has inevitably led to a fierce confrontation with those who believe in the powers of global economy and a centralised world economic order. These economic debates have also created many conflicts over ideas of language, intellectual excellence and cultural autonomy. The debates serve to highlight the deeply contradictory nature of the Indian sociocultural situation. In the essays 'Excellence, an Obsession' and 'The Kannada-English Combat', KV Subbanna and DR Nagaraj, respectively, attempt to come to terms with the acutely paradoxical quality of Indian cultural life and try to open up spaces of reconciliation. These two outstanding intellectuals of our times draw attention to how binary opposites can only enhance the contradictions and deepen the divisive forces at work in our context.

The anthology also includes poetry written by Pratibha Nandakumar, S Manjunath and HS Shivaprakash, all of whom have carved niches for themselves as important poets of contemporary Kannada literature. Nandakumar employs very personal, physical imagery in a daring manner and is recognised for her bold and uninhibited expression. Shivaprakash reinvents the religious and the mystical traditions and recontextualises them without privileging either the past or the present. S Manjunath is important for drawing from various philosophical traditions and shapes his poetic expression by looking upon the past with a contemporary outlook and a modern awareness. However, these poets ought to have been more adequately represented in the anthology.

Abdul Rasheed's story, 'Comrade and Umma' and the extract from Srinivas Vaidya's novel Crossing the Stream are pieces that contextualise—even though they are set in different historical periods—the emergence of centres of political power and authority and the insurrections they give rise to. The two pieces are pointers to the nature of political authority in our times.

Sirigannada is truly remarkable for the range and depth of experience of the entire culture that it tries to present to its readers. The editor, in his brief introduction, acknowledges the difficulties of preparing anthologies of this kind. Nevertheless, Sirigannada does succeed in opening up many of the conflicts, debates and anxieties of our contemporary world.

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Translation and the Making of Modern Kannada Literature

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A lot has been written about B.M. Sri’s (B.M. Srikantia) translation of English poems in the early decades of the twentieth century and how it became a torchbearer for Modern Kannada poetry. In this chapter I would like to read his translations in conjunction with his “own original poems” in Kannada. It is important because the language of translation paved the way for modern Kannada poetry while his own poems were still using old/Sanskritized Kannada, which appears as a dichotomy, which has been glossed over by the earlier scholars. This apparent dichotomy in the nature of language employed by B.M. Srikantia in his translations and non-translation of poetry could be resolved with a thematic reading of his poems and placing it in the context of standardization of language, fashioning of linguistic nationalism, emerging nascent anti-colonial nationalism in the context of colonialism. The argument is that he was able to manage the new community/collective-identities that were emerging in the context, which were sometimes competing with each other to become hegemonic, in his discursive oeuvre (both translation as well as non-translation), which made him the “Acharya Purusha” (initiator of a discursive practice) of modernity in Kannada literature.

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Kannada literature

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• Indianetzone - Progressive Writers in Kannada Literature

Kannada literature , the literature written in Kannada, which, like the other languages of South India, is of the Dravidian family. The earliest records in Kannada are inscriptions dating from the 6th century ad onward. The earliest literary work is the Kavirājamārga ( c. ad 850), a treatise on poetics based on a Sanskrit model. Nearly all of the extant early texts in Kannada are poems on religious subjects written by Jaina authors. One of the most remarkable of these is the 12th-century Rāmāyaṇa of Abhinava Pampa; this work is a Jain version of the famous epic poem of the same name.

After the 12th century the Hindu sect known as Liṅgāyat replaced Jainism as the most important religious influence on Kannada literature. (The Liṅgāyats worship Śiva as the only deity.) Most Liṅgāyat works are simple in style, and many were meant to be sung. The most popular works were the Vacanakāvya s, which were devotional poems to Śiva written in rhythmic prose. The earliest work in Kannada that may be termed a novel is Nemicandra’s Līlāvatī (1370), a love story involving a prince and a princess. One of the most famous Kannada works is the Rājaśekharavilāsa, a fictional tale written in 1657 by Ṣaḍakṣaradeva in verse interspersed with prose. This work is a morality tale in which the divine intervention of Śiva saves a royal family from self-inflicted tragedy in their efforts to uphold the law.

Twentieth-century Kannada literature, like other Indian literatures, has modeled itself on European forms, especially the novel and short story .

English Kannada Dictionary | ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಶ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ನಿಘಂಟು

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review - Meaning in Kannada

• ಪುನರ್ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ
• ಪುನರ್ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಮಾಡು

review Word Forms & Inflections

Definitions and meaning of review in english, review noun.

• follow-up , followup , reexamination

ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ, ... Subscribe

• "the platoon stood ready for review"
• "we had to wait for the inspection before we could use the elevator"
• reappraisal , reassessment , revaluation
• critical review , critique , review article
• recap , recapitulation
• limited review

review verb

• "let's review your situation"
• look back , retrospect
• "she reviewed her achievements with pride"

go over , survey , survey

• brush up , refresh
• "I reviewed the material before the test"
• "Please critique this performance"
• "She reviews books for the New York Times"

Synonyms of review

• go over , survey

A review is an evaluation of a publication, product, service, or company or a critical take on current affairs in literature, politics or culture. In addition to a critical evaluation, the review's author may assign the work a rating to indicate its relative merit.

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What is review meaning in Kannada, review translation in Kannada, review definition, pronunciations and examples of review in Kannada.

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Review Meaning In Kannada

ಸರಳ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ review ನ ನಿಜವಾದ ಅರ್ಥವನ್ನು ತಿಳಿಯಿರಿ., ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಗಳು, definitions of review.

1 . ಅಗತ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯನ್ನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸುವ ಉದ್ದೇಶದಿಂದ ಯಾವುದೋ ಒಂದು ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ.

1 . a formal assessment of something with the intention of instituting change if necessary.

ಸಮಾನಾರ್ಥಕ ಪದಗಳು

2 . ಪುಸ್ತಕ, ನಾಟಕ, ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿಗಳ ವಿಮರ್ಶಾತ್ಮಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ. ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ಅಥವಾ ನಿಯತಕಾಲಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

2 . a critical appraisal of a book, play, film, etc. published in a newspaper or magazine.

3 . ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಅಥವಾ ನೌಕಾ ಪಡೆಗಳ ಸಮಾರಂಭ ಮತ್ತು ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ತಪಾಸಣೆ, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸಾರ್ವಭೌಮ, ಕಮಾಂಡರ್-ಇನ್-ಚೀಫ್ ಅಥವಾ ಉನ್ನತ-ಶ್ರೇಣಿಯ ಸಂದರ್ಶಕರಿಂದ.

3 . a ceremonial display and formal inspection of military or naval forces, typically by a sovereign, commander-in-chief, or high-ranking visitor.

4 . ವೇಗವಾಗಿ ಫಾರ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಮಾಡುವಾಗ ಅಥವಾ ರಿವೈಂಡ್ ಮಾಡುವಾಗ ಟೇಪ್ ರೆಕಾರ್ಡಿಂಗ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪ್ಲೇ ಮಾಡುವ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯ, ಇದರಿಂದ ಅದನ್ನು ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಹಂತದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸಬಹುದು.

4 . a facility for playing a tape recording during a fast wind or rewind, so that it can be stopped at a particular point.

Examples of Review :

1 . ಸೀಡರ್ ಮರವನ್ನು (ನಕಾರಾತ್ಮಕ ಬಳಕೆದಾರ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸಲಾಗಿಲ್ಲ) ಕೊಲೆಲಿಥಿಯಾಸಿಸ್ನ ತಡೆಗಟ್ಟುವಿಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆಗಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಬಹುದು. ಜಠರಗರುಳಿನ ಕಾಯಿಲೆಗಳಿಗೆ ಸಮುದ್ರ ಮುಳ್ಳುಗಿಡ ಎಣ್ಣೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ ಇದನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಗ್ಯಾಸ್ಟ್ರೋಎಂಟರಾಲಜಿಸ್ಟ್ಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಎಸ್ಕುಲಾಪಿಯಸ್ ಶಿಫಾರಸು ಮಾಡುತ್ತಾರೆ.

1 . cedarwood( review s are negative fromusers were not identified) can be used as prevention and treatment for cholelithiasis. gastroenterologists and folk esculapius recommend taking it with sea buckthorn oil for gastrointestinal diseases.

2 . ಕಾಂಡೋಮ್ಗಳು "ಡ್ಯೂರೆಕ್ಸ್", ಅದರ ಬೆಲೆ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳನ್ನು ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಿ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು ಬ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ನ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಅಭಿಮಾನಿಗಳ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳಿಂದ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಇದು ನಿಜವಾಗಿಯೂ ವಿಶ್ವಾಸಾರ್ಹ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಯಾಗಿದೆ.

2 . condoms"durex", the price of which differs independing on the characteristics, are really reliable protection, as evidenced by the review s of all the fans of the trademark.

3 . ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ ಸಂಪಾದಕೀಯ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ.

3 . hola editor's review .

4 . ನಾವು ಕ್ರೆಡಿಟ್-ನೋಟ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಬೇಕಾಗಿದೆ.

4 . We need to review the credit-note.

5 . ಮೊಡವೆಗಳಿಂದ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಡುಲ ಟಿಂಚರ್: ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳು.

5 . tincture of calendula from acne: review s.

6 . ನಾನು ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳನ್ನು ಓದಿದ್ದೇನೆ - (ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕ್ಯಾಶ್‌ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಮತ್ತು ಕಡಿಮೆ.

6 . I read review s - (All less cashback and less.

7 . ಔಷಧಿಗಳ ಕಾರಣದಿಂದಾಗಿ ಪ್ರೋಲ್ಯಾಕ್ಟಿನ್ ಅನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಿದಾಗ, ಇದನ್ನು ಪರೀಕ್ಷಿಸಬೇಕು ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾದರೆ ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಬೇಕು.

7 . where prolactin is elevated due to medication, this should be review ed and replaced where possible.

8 . ನೀರಸ ಅಂತರ್ನಿರ್ಮಿತ ರಿಂಗ್‌ಟೋನ್‌ಗಳನ್ನು ತೊಡೆದುಹಾಕಿ ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಲೇಖನವನ್ನು ಓದಿದ ನಂತರ ನೀವು ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ರಿಂಗ್‌ಟೋನ್ ಅಪ್ಲಿಕೇಶನ್ ಅನ್ನು ಕ್ಲಿಕ್ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೀರಿ ಎಂದು ನಾವು ಭಾವಿಸುತ್ತೇವೆ.

8 . get rid of inbuilt boring ringtones, and we hope that you have click on the best app for ringtones after review ing this article.

9 . Pixel 2 ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ.

9 . pixel 2 review .

10 . ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಸ್ಕೂಟರ್ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳು.

10 . latest scooter review s.

11 . ಕಾಮೆಂಟ್‌ಗಳು/ಟೀಕೆ/ವಿನಂತಿ.

11 . feedback/ review s/ query.

12 . ದೂರಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಪೂರೈಕೆ ಸರಪಳಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ.

12 . telecoms supply chain review .

13 . ನಾನು ಫ್ಲಾಶ್-ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಬೇಕಾಗಿದೆ.

13 . I need to review a flash-card.

14 . ಫ್ಲ್ಯಾಶ್ ರೂಲೆಟ್ ಆಟದ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ.

14 . lightning roulette game review .

15 . ವಕೀಲರು ಪ್ರಕರಣದ ಕಾನೂನನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿದರು.

15 . The lawyer review ed the case law.

16 . ಡೌಚಿಂಗ್: ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನದ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳು.

16 . douching: review s of the procedure.

17 . ವಿಮರ್ಶೆಗಳು - ಸಂಖ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮ ಮತ್ತು ಬೆಸ ದಿನಗಳು.

17 . review s- even and odd days in numerology.

18 . ಕೇಸ್ ಕಾನೂನನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುವಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ಯಾರಾಲೀಗಲ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.

18 . The paralegal assists in review ing case law.

19 . ಪ್ರಕೃತಿಯು ಗ್ಯಾಸ್ಟ್ರೋಎಂಟರಾಲಜಿ ಮತ್ತು ಹೆಪಟಾಲಜಿಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.

19 . nature review s gastroenterology and hepatology.

20 . ನಾನು ಮೊದಲ ಬ್ಲೋಜಾಬ್‌ನಿಂದ ಮಾಡಿದ ವೀಡಿಯೊವನ್ನು ತ್ವರಿತವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಿದ್ದೇನೆ.

20 . I quickly review ed the video I'd made of that first blowjob.

Similar Words

Review meaning in Kannada - Learn actual meaning of Review with simple examples & definitions. Also you will learn Antonyms , synonyms & best example sentences. This dictionary also provide you 10 languages so you can find meaning of Review in Hindi, Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Kannada , Marathi , Malayalam , Gujarati , Punjabi , Urdu.

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literary meaning in Kannada | literary ನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅರ್ಥ

literary  ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ

literary =  ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ

Pronunciation  =  🔊 bb1.onclick = function(){ if(responsivevoice.isplaying()){ responsivevoice.cancel(); }else{ responsivevoice.speak("literary", "uk english female"); } }; literary, pronunciation in kannada  =  ಲಿಟರರೀ, literary  in kannada : ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ, part of speech :  adjective  , definition in english : appropriate to literature rather than everyday speech or writing , definition in  kannada : ದೈನಂದಿನ ಭಾಷಣ ಅಥವಾ ಬರಹಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ್ಕೆ ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಗಿದೆ, examples in english :.

• Mystery fiction is only one of many literary forms

Examples in Kannada :

• ನಿಗೂಢ ಕಥೆ ಹಲವು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ರೂಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ.

Synonyms of literary

Antonyms of literary

About English Kannada Dictionary

Multibhashi’s Kannada-English Dictionary will help you find the meaning of different words from Kannada to English like the meaning of Soundaryapremi meaning of Kalatmaka and from English to Kannada like awesome meaning in Kannada, the meaning of Aesthetic, the meaning of ornamental, etc. Use this free dictionary to get the definition of friend in Kannada and also the definition of friend in English. Also see the translation in Kannada or translation in English, synonyms, antonyms, related words, image and pronunciation for helping spoken English improvement or spoken Kannada improvement.

About English Language

English is one of the most widely spoken languages across the globe and a common language of choice for people from different backgrounds trying to communicate with each other. This is the reason why English is the second language learned by most of the people.

About the Kannada Language

Kannada is a Southern-Dravidian Language also known as ‘Canarese’ or ‘Kanarese’.It is the most widely spoken language in the state of Karnataka and also to some extent in the other Southern states of India, like Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. It also has its reach in parts of Maharashtra as well as Goa. The people speaking this language are known as ‘Kannadigas’ or ‘Kannadigaru’ in the native language. Kannada is the official administrative language of Karnataka.

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• Knowledge Base

Methodology

• How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates

Published on January 2, 2023 by Shona McCombes . Revised on September 11, 2023.

What is a literature review? A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources on a specific topic. It provides an overview of current knowledge, allowing you to identify relevant theories, methods, and gaps in the existing research that you can later apply to your paper, thesis, or dissertation topic .

There are five key steps to writing a literature review:

• Search for relevant literature
• Evaluate sources
• Identify themes, debates, and gaps
• Outline the structure
• Write your literature review

A good literature review doesn’t just summarize sources—it analyzes, synthesizes , and critically evaluates to give a clear picture of the state of knowledge on the subject.

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Table of contents

What is the purpose of a literature review, examples of literature reviews, step 1 – search for relevant literature, step 2 – evaluate and select sources, step 3 – identify themes, debates, and gaps, step 4 – outline your literature review’s structure, step 5 – write your literature review, free lecture slides, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions, introduction.

• Quick Run-through
• Step 1 & 2

When you write a thesis , dissertation , or research paper , you will likely have to conduct a literature review to situate your research within existing knowledge. The literature review gives you a chance to:

• Demonstrate your familiarity with the topic and its scholarly context
• Develop a theoretical framework and methodology for your research
• Position your work in relation to other researchers and theorists
• Show how your research addresses a gap or contributes to a debate
• Evaluate the current state of research and demonstrate your knowledge of the scholarly debates around your topic.

Writing literature reviews is a particularly important skill if you want to apply for graduate school or pursue a career in research. We’ve written a step-by-step guide that you can follow below.

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See an example

Writing literature reviews can be quite challenging! A good starting point could be to look at some examples, depending on what kind of literature review you’d like to write.

• Example literature review #1: “Why Do People Migrate? A Review of the Theoretical Literature” ( Theoretical literature review about the development of economic migration theory from the 1950s to today.)
• Example literature review #2: “Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines” ( Methodological literature review about interdisciplinary knowledge acquisition and production.)
• Example literature review #3: “The Use of Technology in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Thematic literature review about the effects of technology on language acquisition.)
• Example literature review #4: “Learners’ Listening Comprehension Difficulties in English Language Learning: A Literature Review” ( Chronological literature review about how the concept of listening skills has changed over time.)

You can also check out our templates with literature review examples and sample outlines at the links below.

Download Word doc Download Google doc

Before you begin searching for literature, you need a clearly defined topic .

If you are writing the literature review section of a dissertation or research paper, you will search for literature related to your research problem and questions .

Make a list of keywords

Start by creating a list of keywords related to your research question. Include each of the key concepts or variables you’re interested in, and list any synonyms and related terms. You can add to this list as you discover new keywords in the process of your literature search.

• Social media, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok
• Body image, self-perception, self-esteem, mental health
• Generation Z, teenagers, adolescents, youth

Search for relevant sources

Use your keywords to begin searching for sources. Some useful databases to search for journals and articles include:

• Your university’s library catalogue
• Google Scholar
• Project Muse (humanities and social sciences)
• Medline (life sciences and biomedicine)
• EconLit (economics)
• Inspec (physics, engineering and computer science)

You can also use boolean operators to help narrow down your search.

Make sure to read the abstract to find out whether an article is relevant to your question. When you find a useful book or article, you can check the bibliography to find other relevant sources.

You likely won’t be able to read absolutely everything that has been written on your topic, so it will be necessary to evaluate which sources are most relevant to your research question.

For each publication, ask yourself:

• What question or problem is the author addressing?
• What are the key concepts and how are they defined?
• What are the key theories, models, and methods?
• Does the research use established frameworks or take an innovative approach?
• What are the results and conclusions of the study?
• How does the publication relate to other literature in the field? Does it confirm, add to, or challenge established knowledge?
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the research?

Make sure the sources you use are credible , and make sure you read any landmark studies and major theories in your field of research.

You can use our template to summarize and evaluate sources you’re thinking about using. Click on either button below to download.

Take notes and cite your sources

As you read, you should also begin the writing process. Take notes that you can later incorporate into the text of your literature review.

It is important to keep track of your sources with citations to avoid plagiarism . It can be helpful to make an annotated bibliography , where you compile full citation information and write a paragraph of summary and analysis for each source. This helps you remember what you read and saves time later in the process.

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To begin organizing your literature review’s argument and structure, be sure you understand the connections and relationships between the sources you’ve read. Based on your reading and notes, you can look for:

• Trends and patterns (in theory, method or results): do certain approaches become more or less popular over time?
• Themes: what questions or concepts recur across the literature?
• Debates, conflicts and contradictions: where do sources disagree?
• Pivotal publications: are there any influential theories or studies that changed the direction of the field?
• Gaps: what is missing from the literature? Are there weaknesses that need to be addressed?

This step will help you work out the structure of your literature review and (if applicable) show how your own research will contribute to existing knowledge.

• Most research has focused on young women.
• There is an increasing interest in the visual aspects of social media.
• But there is still a lack of robust research on highly visual platforms like Instagram and Snapchat—this is a gap that you could address in your own research.

There are various approaches to organizing the body of a literature review. Depending on the length of your literature review, you can combine several of these strategies (for example, your overall structure might be thematic, but each theme is discussed chronologically).

Chronological

The simplest approach is to trace the development of the topic over time. However, if you choose this strategy, be careful to avoid simply listing and summarizing sources in order.

Try to analyze patterns, turning points and key debates that have shaped the direction of the field. Give your interpretation of how and why certain developments occurred.

If you have found some recurring central themes, you can organize your literature review into subsections that address different aspects of the topic.

For example, if you are reviewing literature about inequalities in migrant health outcomes, key themes might include healthcare policy, language barriers, cultural attitudes, legal status, and economic access.

Methodological

If you draw your sources from different disciplines or fields that use a variety of research methods , you might want to compare the results and conclusions that emerge from different approaches. For example:

• Look at what results have emerged in qualitative versus quantitative research
• Discuss how the topic has been approached by empirical versus theoretical scholarship
• Divide the literature into sociological, historical, and cultural sources

Theoretical

A literature review is often the foundation for a theoretical framework . You can use it to discuss various theories, models, and definitions of key concepts.

You might argue for the relevance of a specific theoretical approach, or combine various theoretical concepts to create a framework for your research.

Like any other academic text , your literature review should have an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion . What you include in each depends on the objective of your literature review.

The introduction should clearly establish the focus and purpose of the literature review.

Depending on the length of your literature review, you might want to divide the body into subsections. You can use a subheading for each theme, time period, or methodological approach.

As you write, you can follow these tips:

• Summarize and synthesize: give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole
• Analyze and interpret: don’t just paraphrase other researchers — add your own interpretations where possible, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature as a whole
• Critically evaluate: mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources
• Write in well-structured paragraphs: use transition words and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts

In the conclusion, you should summarize the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasize their significance.

When you’ve finished writing and revising your literature review, don’t forget to proofread thoroughly before submitting. Not a language expert? Check out Scribbr’s professional proofreading services !

This article has been adapted into lecture slides that you can use to teach your students about writing a literature review.

Scribbr slides are free to use, customize, and distribute for educational purposes.

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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.

• Sampling methods
• Simple random sampling
• Stratified sampling
• Cluster sampling
• Likert scales
• Reproducibility

 Statistics

• Null hypothesis
• Statistical power
• Probability distribution
• Effect size
• Poisson distribution

Research bias

• Optimism bias
• Cognitive bias
• Implicit bias
• Hawthorne effect
• Anchoring bias
• Explicit bias

A literature review is a survey of scholarly sources (such as books, journal articles, and theses) related to a specific topic or research question .

It is often written as part of a thesis, dissertation , or research paper , in order to situate your work in relation to existing knowledge.

There are several reasons to conduct a literature review at the beginning of a research project:

• To familiarize yourself with the current state of knowledge on your topic
• To ensure that you’re not just repeating what others have already done
• To identify gaps in knowledge and unresolved problems that your research can address
• To develop your theoretical framework and methodology
• To provide an overview of the key findings and debates on the topic

Writing the literature review shows your reader how your work relates to existing research and what new insights it will contribute.

The literature review usually comes near the beginning of your thesis or dissertation . After the introduction , it grounds your research in a scholarly field and leads directly to your theoretical framework or methodology .

A literature review is a survey of credible sources on a topic, often used in dissertations , theses, and research papers . Literature reviews give an overview of knowledge on a subject, helping you identify relevant theories and methods, as well as gaps in existing research. Literature reviews are set up similarly to other  academic texts , with an introduction , a main body, and a conclusion .

An  annotated bibliography is a list of  source references that has a short description (called an annotation ) for each of the sources. It is often assigned as part of the research process for a  paper .  

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McCombes, S. (2023, September 11). How to Write a Literature Review | Guide, Examples, & Templates. Scribbr. Retrieved July 2, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/dissertation/literature-review/

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literature in Kannada ಕನ್ನಡ

• ಉತ್ತಮ ಲೇಖನಗಳು ⇄ literature
• ಗ್ರಮ್ಥಗಳು ⇄ literature
• ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ⇄ literature
• ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮ್ಪತ್ತು ⇄ literature

literature in Dogri डोगरी

• अदब ⇄ literature
• साहित्य ⇄ literature

literature in Gujarati ગુજરાતી

• કોઇ દેશ કે કાળનું સાહિત્ય ⇄ literature
• છાપેલો મ જૂકર ⇄ literature
• લલિત સાહિત્ય ⇄ literature
• સાહિત્ય ⇄ literature

literature in Hindi हिन्दी

• शास्र समूह ⇄ literature
• साहित्यक रचना ⇄ literature

literature in Kashmiri कॉशुर

• اَدَب ⇄ literature

literature in Marathi मराठी

• काव्य ⇄ literature
• ललित वाड्मय ⇄ literature
• वांग्मय ⇄ literature
• वाङमय ⇄ literature
• वाड:मय ⇄ literature
• वाड्मय ⇄ literature

literature in Sindhi سنڌي

• علم ادب، علم انشا، ساهتيه ⇄ Literature

literature in Tamil தமிழ்

• இலக்கியம் ⇄ literature

literature in Telugu తెలుగు

• సాహిత్యం ⇄ literature

literature in Urdu اُردُو

• علمیت ⇄ literature

literature in English

• literature ⇄ literature, noun. 1. the writings of a period, language, or country, especially those kept alive by their beauty of style or thought. Ex. the literature of Greece. Shakespeare is a great name in English literature. The particular concern of th

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