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Reported speech

Daisy has just had an interview for a summer job. 

Instructions

As you watch the video, look at the examples of reported speech. They are in  red  in the subtitles. Then read the conversation below to learn more. Finally, do the grammar exercises to check you understand, and can use, reported speech correctly.

Sophie:  Mmm, it’s so nice to be chilling out at home after all that running around.

Ollie: Oh, yeah, travelling to glamorous places for a living must be such a drag!

Ollie: Mum, you can be so childish sometimes. Hey, I wonder how Daisy’s getting on in her job interview.

Sophie: Oh, yes, she said she was having it at four o’clock, so it’ll have finished by now. That’ll be her ... yes. Hi, love. How did it go?

Daisy: Well, good I think, but I don’t really know. They said they’d phone later and let me know.

Sophie: What kind of thing did they ask you?

Daisy: They asked if I had any experience with people, so I told them about helping at the school fair and visiting old people at the home, that sort of stuff. But I think they meant work experience.

Sophie: I’m sure what you said was impressive. They can’t expect you to have had much work experience at your age.

Daisy:  And then they asked me what acting I had done, so I told them that I’d had a main part in the school play, and I showed them a bit of the video, so that was cool.

Sophie:  Great!

Daisy: Oh, and they also asked if I spoke any foreign languages.

Sophie: Languages?

Daisy: Yeah, because I might have to talk to tourists, you know.

Sophie: Oh, right, of course.

Daisy: So that was it really. They showed me the costume I’ll be wearing if I get the job. Sending it over ...

Ollie: Hey, sis, I heard that Brad Pitt started out as a giant chicken too! This could be your big break!

Daisy: Ha, ha, very funny.

Sophie: Take no notice, darling. I’m sure you’ll be a marvellous chicken.

We use reported speech when we want to tell someone what someone said. We usually use a reporting verb (e.g. say, tell, ask, etc.) and then change the tense of what was actually said in direct speech.

So, direct speech is what someone actually says? Like 'I want to know about reported speech'?

Yes, and you report it with a reporting verb.

He said he wanted to know about reported speech.

I said, I want and you changed it to he wanted .

Exactly. Verbs in the present simple change to the past simple; the present continuous changes to the past continuous; the present perfect changes to the past perfect; can changes to could ; will changes to would ; etc.

She said she was having the interview at four o’clock. (Direct speech: ' I’m having the interview at four o’clock.') They said they’d phone later and let me know. (Direct speech: ' We’ll phone later and let you know.')

OK, in that last example, you changed you to me too.

Yes, apart from changing the tense of the verb, you also have to think about changing other things, like pronouns and adverbs of time and place.

'We went yesterday.'  > She said they had been the day before. 'I’ll come tomorrow.' >  He said he’d come the next day.

I see, but what if you’re reporting something on the same day, like 'We went yesterday'?

Well, then you would leave the time reference as 'yesterday'. You have to use your common sense. For example, if someone is saying something which is true now or always, you wouldn’t change the tense.

'Dogs can’t eat chocolate.' > She said that dogs can’t eat chocolate. 'My hair grows really slowly.' >  He told me that his hair grows really slowly.

What about reporting questions?

We often use ask + if/whether , then change the tenses as with statements. In reported questions we don’t use question forms after the reporting verb.

'Do you have any experience working with people?' They asked if I had any experience working with people. 'What acting have you done?' They asked me what acting I had done .

Is there anything else I need to know about reported speech?

One thing that sometimes causes problems is imperative sentences.

You mean like 'Sit down, please' or 'Don’t go!'?

Exactly. Sentences that start with a verb in direct speech need a to + infinitive in reported speech.

She told him to be good. (Direct speech: 'Be good!') He told them not to forget. (Direct speech: 'Please don’t forget.')

OK. Can I also say 'He asked me to sit down'?

Yes. You could say 'He told me to …' or 'He asked me to …' depending on how it was said.

OK, I see. Are there any more reporting verbs?

Yes, there are lots of other reporting verbs like promise , remind , warn , advise , recommend , encourage which you can choose, depending on the situation. But say , tell and ask are the most common.

Great. I understand! My teacher said reported speech was difficult.

And I told you not to worry!

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What was the most memorable conversation you had yesterday? Who were you talking to and what did they say to you?

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3 catalysts could spark a 10% sell-off in the stock market this summer, according to JPMorgan

• The S&P 500 could drop 10% over the summer months to 4,800, according to JPMorgan.
• The bank highlighted three catalysts that could drive a decline.
• The May jobs report could spark a bearish narrative change in the stock market.

A 10% sell-off in the stock market is possible this summer after a massive year-to-date rally, according to JPMorgan .

The bank's trading desk said in a recent note that the S&P 500 could test the 5,000 level as support and potentially fall below with a decline of as much as 10%. That would put the index at about 4,800.

According to the trading desk, there are three big catalysts that could drive such a sell-off.

"Buyer's exhaustion"

The recent performance of stocks during earnings season suggests potential equity buyers are getting exhausted.

The bank highlighted that companies that beat first quarter earnings expectations underperformed the S&P 500 while companies that missed expectations were punished.

"The combination of earnings season stock performance and narrowing market breadth points to a market that needs a new set of catalysts and/or reassurance about the prevailing market narrative," JPMorgan said.

That means merely in-line macro data and a cautious Fed could drive investors to the sidelines during second-quarter earnings, which begin in mid-July.

"Momentum unwind"

The bulk of the stock market's recent gains have been driven by momentum, with tech stocks leading the advance.

However, if momentum falters, there could be a larger unwind that drives stock prices lower.

"The key to watch is the short leg of momentum. If that falters, it would trigger a larger degrossing as part of that momentum unwind. That chain reaction is what could lead to a 5% - 10% pullback," JPMorgan said.

"Macro data disappointment"

The re-emergence of a stagflation or recessionary narrative would kill hopes of a soft landing in the economy and likely drive stock prices lower.

That narrative change could happen on Friday with the May jobs report.

JPMorgan said a jobs report below 50,000 to 75,000 range or above the 250,000 to 300,000 range could spark a narrative change and hurt stock prices.

Current economist estimates suggest about 190,000 jobs were added to the economy in May.

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For case reports or case series containing three or fewer patients, authors should prepare an authorization form using the following templates and arrange for review as indicated below. The red text in the template should be customized for the specific case report or case series. Please note that for deceased patients, authorization must be obtained from the personal representative, who is the administrator or executor of the patient’s estate.

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(PRINCIPAL_EXPECTED~16143.32!Z_INTRMDT_RATE~28.75!DAYS~29!YEAR~365!)

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Trump Has Been Convicted. Here’s What Happens Next.

Donald J. Trump has promised to appeal, but he may face limits on his ability to travel and to vote as he campaigns for the White House.

• Share full article

By Jesse McKinley and Maggie Astor

• May 30, 2024

The conviction of former President Donald J. Trump on Thursday is just the latest step in his legal odyssey in New York’s court system. The judge, Juan M. Merchan, set Mr. Trump’s sentencing for July 11, at which point he could be sentenced to as much as four years behind bars, or to probation.

It won’t stop him from running for president, though: There is no legal prohibition on felons doing that . No constitutional provision would stop him even from serving as president from a prison cell, though in practice that would trigger a crisis that courts would almost certainly have to resolve.

His ability to vote — for himself, presumably — depends on whether he is sentenced to prison. Florida, where he is registered, requires felons convicted there to complete their full sentence, including parole or probation, before regaining voting rights. But when Floridians are convicted in another state, Florida defers to the laws of that state, and New York disenfranchises felons only while they are in prison.

The Trump Manhattan Criminal Verdict, Count By Count

Former President Donald J. Trump faced 34 felony charges of falsifying business records, related to the reimbursement of hush money paid to the porn star Stormy Daniels in order to cover up a sex scandal around the 2016 presidential election.

“Because Florida recognizes voting rights restoration in the state of conviction, and because New York’s law states that those with a felony conviction do not lose their right to vote unless they are incarcerated during the election, then Trump will not lose his right to vote in this case unless he is in prison on Election Day,” said Blair Bowie, a lawyer at the Campaign Legal Center, a nonprofit watchdog group.

Mr. Trump will almost certainly appeal his conviction, after months of criticizing the case and attacking the Manhattan district attorney, who brought it, and Justice Merchan, who presided over his trial.

Long before that appeal is heard, however, Mr. Trump will be enmeshed in the gears of the criminal justice system.

A pre-sentencing report makes recommendations based on the defendant’s criminal record — Mr. Trump had none before this case — as well as his personal history and the crime itself. The former president was found guilty of falsifying business records in relation to a $130,000 payment to Stormy Daniels, a porn star who says she had a brief sexual tryst with Mr. Trump in 2006, in order to buy her silence.

At the pre-sentence interview, a psychologist or social worker working for the probation department may also talk to Mr. Trump, during which time the defendant can “try to make a good impression and explain why he or she deserves a lighter punishment,” according to the New York State Unified Court System.

The pre-sentencing report can also include submissions from the defense, and may describe whether “the defendant is in a counseling program or has a steady job.”

In Mr. Trump’s case, of course, he is applying — as it were — for a steady job as president of the United States, a campaign that may be complicated by his new status as a felon. Mr. Trump will likely be required to regularly report to a probation officer, and rules on travel could be imposed.

Mr. Trump was convicted of 34 Class E felonies, New York’s lowest level , each of which carry a potential penalty of up to four years in prison. Probation or home confinement are other possibilities that Justice Merchan can consider.

That said, Justice Merchan has indicated in the past that he takes white-collar crime seriously . If he did impose prison time, he would likely impose the punishment concurrently, meaning that Mr. Trump would serve time on each of the counts he was convicted of simultaneously.

If Mr. Trump were instead sentenced to probation, he could still be jailed if he were later found to have committed additional crimes. Mr. Trump, 77, currently faces three other criminal cases: two federal, dealing with his handling of classified documents and his efforts to overturn the 2020 election , and a state case in Georgia that concerns election interference.

Mr. Trump’s lawyers can file a notice of appeal after sentencing, scheduled for July 11 at 10 a.m. And the judge could stay any punishment during an appeal, something that could delay punishment beyond Election Day.

The proceedings will continue even if he wins: Because it’s a state case, not federal, Mr. Trump would have no power as president to pardon himself .

Jesse McKinley is a Times reporter covering upstate New York, courts and politics. More about Jesse McKinley

Maggie Astor covers politics for The New York Times, focusing on breaking news, policies, campaigns and how underrepresented or marginalized groups are affected by political systems. More about Maggie Astor

Our Coverage of the Trump Hush-Money Trial

Guilty Verdict : Donald Trump was convicted on all 34 counts  of falsifying records to cover up a sex scandal that threatened his bid for the White House in 2016, making him the first American president to be declared a felon .

What Happens Next: Trump’s sentencing hearing on July 11 will trigger a long and winding appeals process , though he has few ways to overturn the decision .

Reactions: Trump’s conviction reverberated quickly across the country  and around the world . Here’s what voters , New Yorkers , Republicans , Trump supporters  and President Biden  had to say.

The Presidential Race : The political fallout of Trump’s conviction is far from certain , but the verdict will test America’s traditions, legal institutions and ability to hold an election under historic partisan tension .

Making the Case: Over six weeks and the testimony of 20 witnesses, the Manhattan district attorney’s office wove a sprawling story  of election interference and falsified business records.

Legal Luck Runs Out: The four criminal cases that threatened Trump’s freedom had been stumbling along, pleasing his advisers. Then his good fortune expired .

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Robert De Niro denied top broadcast award following his anti-Trump speech outside court, report says

• Robert De Niro will not be honored at the National Association of Broadcasters ceremony, a report said.
• The film star called Trump a "clown" outside the former president's criminal trial in New York City.
• De Niro's recent "high-profile activities will create a distraction," said a NAB statement.

Robert De Niro will no longer be honored at the National Association of Broadcasters award ceremony after making a slew of anti-Trump comments outside the former president's criminal trial, said a report.

The Oscar-winning actor was set to receive the NAB's top individual honor, the Leadership Foundation's Service to America Award, next Tuesday in Washington, DC.

In a statement to The Hill, a spokesperson for the group said, "While we strongly support the right of every American to exercise free speech and participate in civic engagement, it is clear that Mr. De Niro's recent high-profile activities will create a distraction from the philanthropic work that we were hoping to recognize," the statement said, per The Hill.

"To maintain the focus on service of the award winners, Mr. De Niro will no longer be attending the event."

In a statement to the Hill in response to the NAB's decision to rescind the award, De Niro said, "I support the work of the NAB Leadership Foundation and would like to express my appreciation and gratitude for what the Foundation has done and will continue to do for the good of us all, and I wish them well for their continued good work," it said.

De Niro has been feuding with Trump for 13 years , according to a report by Business Insider's Ayomikun Adekaiyero.

The two New Yorkers first came to verbal blows when Trump amplified rumors about the citizenship status of then-president Barack Obama .

Related stories

Outside the courthouse on Tuesday, De Niro said he had joined the Biden campaign  because it was the only way to "preserve our freedoms."

"If Trump returns to the White House, you can kiss these freedoms goodbye that we all take for granted."

De Niro, who recently voiced an ad for the Biden campaign, called Donald Trump a "clown," adding that "we've forgotten the lessons of history that showed us other clowns who weren't taken seriously until they became vicious dictators."

"With Trump, we have a second chance, and no one is laughing now. This is the time to stop him by voting him out once and for all."

"If he gets in, I can tell you right now, he will never leave," said De Niro.

WATCH: Robert De Niro speaks to reporters outside of Trump’s criminal hush money trial on behalf of the Biden-Harris campaign. The actor calls Trump a "buffoon," "clown", "sinner," and a "two-bit playboy." pic.twitter.com/kVma4a4gDG — MSNBC (@MSNBC) May 28, 2024

Trump responded to De Niro's comments on his Truth Social platform on Wednesday.

"I never knew how small, both mentally and physically, Wacko Former Actor Robert De Niro was," the former president wrote.

"Today, De Niro, who suffers from an incurable case of TRUMP DERANGEMENT SYNDROME, commonly known in the medical community as TDS, was met, outside the Courthouse, with a force far greater than the Radical Left - MAGA."

Trump later posted what appeared to be a deep-fake video of De Niro speaking at the podium outside the courthouse.

"'I'm speaking to you today because I'm a scared little man, a washed up actor with lots of skeletons in my closet. People like me need Joe Biden and power not because he's any good, but because he enjoys the same sick perversions," it said.

Watch: Here are all the trials Trump faces and how they could affect his election

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South African election early results see ANC losing majority, DA and MK performing well

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• South Africans voted on Wednesday for new parliament
• Early results: ANC biggest party but no majority
• New parliament will elect president
• Ex-president Zuma's party erodes support for ANC

'DISASTER FOR SOUTH AFRICA'

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Additional reporting by Kopano Gumbi, Tannur Anders, Alexander Winning, Nellie Peyton, Bate Felix, Karin Strohecker, Olivia Kumwenda-Mtambo and Bansari Mayur Kamdar; Writing by Estelle Shirbon and Joe Bavier; Editing by Gareth Jones, Toby Chopra, Emelia Sithole-Matarise and Alison Williams

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Based in Johannesburg, Bhargav reports on breaking news across Sub-Saharan Africa. He has covered several high-profile stories on the continent, including former Paralympic star Oscar Pistorius's parole and release and the BRICS summit. Previously he spent three and a half years in Bengaluru, India, as part of Reuters' Global News Monitoring team. He has a master's degree in International Studies.

Based in Johannesburg, Anait reports on breaking news across Sub-Saharan Africa. Previously she spent over two years in Gdansk, Poland, covering company news and translating Reuters articles from English into French. Prior to joining Reuters in 2020, Anait studied journalism at Sciences Po, Paris, and linguistics at Moscow State Linguistic University.

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Philippines accuses chinese coast guard of 'barbaric' blocking of medical evacuation.

The Philippine coast guard on Friday accused its Chinese counterpart of blocking efforts to evacuate a sick armed forces member in the South China Sea, calling it "barbaric and inhumane".

India election results 2024 updates: Modi says he will form next government

A party or coalition needs 272 seats to cross the majority mark in the 543-member lower house of parliament.

This live page is now closed. Follow the latest live coverage of the India elections here .

• Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has claimed he will form the next government even though his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is projected to lose its majority in parliament after a decade.
• As India counts votes , trends so far suggest the BJP will likely need the help of allies as a united opposition led by the Indian National Congress makes gains.
• The mammoth seven-phase election – the world’s largest democratic exercise – began on April 19 and ended on Saturday.
• A party or coalition needs 272 seats to cross the majority mark in the 543-member Lok Sabha, the lower house of India’s parliament. Exit polls said Modi could return to power for a third consecutive term.
• The Election Commission says a record-breaking 642 million voters cast their ballots in the staggered election as it dismissed opposition concerns over how the votes would be counted .

Thanks for joining us

Thank you for following along with our live updates of the vote count in India’s election.

Learn more about the wins, losses and surprises of the count here .

Read about what the results mean for PM Modi’s BJP party here .

Or see how the day unfolded in pictures, here .

RECAP: Here’s what happened today

This live page will soon be closing. Here’s what happened today:

• The BJP underperformed expectations, particularly in their Uttar Pradesh stronghold, and are projected to win only 240 seats, far short of the 272 needed for a majority in India’s lower house of parliament.
• The weak showing means that Prime Minister Modi will have to rely on BJP-led NDA coalition partners like no other time during the party’s last two terms in the majority, raising the prospect of more checks on Modi’s rule.
• All told, the opposition bloc were on track to win 222 seats, with Congress leader Rahul Gandhi saying the results showed a clear rejection of the Indian prime minister.
• Nevertheless, in an address, Modi hailed the NDA’s victory, noting it was the first time since 1962 that a coalition had won three elections in a row.

What does Maharashtra results mean for the upcoming state elections?

The results of the parliamentary elections in Maharashtra state will cast a shadow on the state elections slated to be held in October.

The current coalition government in the state comprising of the BJP and a faction of Shiv Sena came to power in mid 2022 after toppling of the Shiv Sena-Congress-Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) coalition government. A year later the NCP founded by the veteran politician Sharad Pawar was split and most of its legislators joined the BJP-Shiv Sena government.

But the toppling of the Shiv Sena-Congress-NCP coalition government and the subsequent split in the NCP was blamed on the BJP.

The party has denied the charges, but it did not go down well, at least with the voters.

Congress-led Maha Vikas Aghadi, which is part of the INDIA alliance, is set to win most seats in the Lok Sabha. They have either won or leading in 29 out of the state’s 48 seats. The BJP has managed to win 10 seat but its allies have been decimated in this western state, home to the financial hub of Mumbai.

If the trend continues, the BJP-led coalition government in the state will find it hard to retain power.

Punjab separatists score win in two seats

Amritpal Singh has won from the Khadoor Sahib constituency in northern Indian state of Punjab – a victory that will likely raise alarm bells among security agencies.

Singh, 31, made international headline last year after police in Punjab state launched a manhunt to arrest him for reviving calls for an independent Sikh homeland (Khalistan), stirring fears of violence in a state with a history of armed rebellion.

He fought the elections from jail. However, he did not invoke the Khalistani cause in his election campaigning.

In Faridkot Lok Sabha seat, Sarabjeet Singh Khalsa, son of one of the assassins of the late Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is leading raising concerns about rising support for hardline candidates.

The Congress party and Aam Aadmi Party won most seats in this border state.

Congress-led opposition bloc to meet Wednesday

Officials have said opposition leaders will meet Wednesday in New Delhi to discuss what comes next.

The Congress-led bloc is set to take 222 seats in the parliament.

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi declined today to discuss the bloc’s plans out of “respect” for members of the coalition.

Modi to lead ‘a different government altogether’: Analyst

In the days following the election, PM Narendra Modi will likely try to give the impression of “business of usual” on the international stage, particularly as he attends the upcoming G7 summit in Italy.

“But I think he will become obsessed about stabilising this government, he will become more inward looking,” analyst Sanjay Kapoor told Al Jazeera.

“There will be challenges coming in the parliament. There will be bills that will have to be passed, and there is bound to be a great amount of compromise that he will have to make,” he added. “In the past, when he had a brute majority, he would not be compromising. He always projected himself as somebody very strong who will not compromise.”

“I’m sure his allies will be uncomfortable if he continues to speak in the manner he did,” Kapoor added, “particularly trying to provoke Muslims. It’s got to be a different government altogether.”

How are the parties performing?

Follow our live results tracker  here .

Kashmir results show people’s anger against BJP’s policy: Experts

The results from federally administered regions of Indian-administered Kashmir and Ladakh show people’s anger against BJP’s policy in the region, experts say.

The BJP did not field any candidate from the Muslim-majority part of Kashmir while its candidate came in third position from the lone parliamentary seat in Ladakh, which saw protests against the BJP policy.

Independent candidate Abdul Rasheed Sheikh, popularly known as engineer Rasheed, won the elections from Baramulla in northern Kashmir. He defeated former Chief Minister Omar Abdullah while lodged in jail since he was arrested under “anti-terror” law after being accused of money laundering.

Hundreds of Kashmiri activists and leaders were arrested in the wake of the 2019 government decision to strip the Muslim-majority region’s special status. Prime Minister Modi said it was aimed at ending the armed rebellion, which erupted in the late 1980s.

“Incarcerated former legislator Engineer Rashid’s massive win is an indication that Kashmir continues to be a ground for semi-separatist politics.” Zafar Choudhary, a political analyst based in the southern city of Jammu, told Al Jazeera.

Along with Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti, also a former chief minister, has lost in their constituencies. However, candidates from Abdullah’s National Conference won in the Srinagar and Anantnag-Rajouri parliamentary constituencies.

Political expert Sheikh Showkat Hussain told Al Jazeera that people have expressed their resentment against the BJP and its allies in Kashmir through their vote.

“People have rejected BJP’s stance on Kashmir, it includes the abrogation of Article 370 decision,” he said referring to the constitutional safeguard that Modi government removed in 2019.

In the southern city of Jammu, the BJP has retained its hold on the Udhampur and Jammu constituencies, but its vote share has come down drastically compared with the last elections.

The outcome of the parliamentary elections is likely to have an effect on the assembly elections in Jammu and Kashmir slated to be held in September as per Supreme Court directions.

The Ladakh result is being seen as a major setback for the BJP as the party received support when it carved out the region from Kashmir.

“This is a defeat for BJP in Ladakh. This is people’s anger against the decision taken on August 5, 2019,” activist Sajad Kargili from Ladakh told Al Jazeera.

Regional party set to carry Tamil Nadu

The left-wing Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) is projected to win 22 seats in the southern state.

Congress was on track to win nine of the state’s 39 total seats in Lok Sabha.

BJP makes inroads in Kerala

The BJP has won a seat in Kerala, making new inroads in the southern Indian state.

The party’s candidate won in the district of Thrissur, which Congress had won in 2019.

Congress was set to win 14 districts in the longtime left-leaning state, one fewer than five years ago.

Who are Modi’s allies in NDA coalition?

Modi’s BJP party has won or are leading in 240 districts, putting them short the 272 seats needed for majority in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of the parliament.

Factions of the far-right, Hindu ultranationalist party Shiv Sena – an ally of the BJP – were on track to win seven seats.

That gives outsized influence to two regional parties, the Janata Dal-United JD(U) in the state of Bihar and the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh.

Both parties recently broke of the opposition alliance, with the JD(U) accusing Congress of hoarding contested seats.

The TDP is set to win 16 seats and the JD(U) is on track to win 12.

So what went wrong for the BJP?

The Bharatiya Janata Party failed to repeat its performance in the politically crucial state of Uttar Pradesh, which sends 80 representatives to the parliament. The BJP won 71 and 62 in the 2014 and 2019 elections respectively.

The party has won 33 seats, bringing down the BJP tally to below the 272 magic figure needed to form a government. The BJP can form the next government with the help of its allies. It is is slated to win 241 seats.

The BJP also lost support in agricultural regions in northern India, which saw protests against the Modi government. It suffered defeats in the state of Punjab, known as the bread basket of India, Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh mainly due to farmers’ unrest over lack of government support to the sector.

The decision to topple the government in the western state of Maharashtra has probably cost the party dearly as it has suffered a major electoral setback in a state it dominated in the past decade.

The overreliance on divisive politics led by Prime Minister Modi was avoidable, analysts say, adding that the governing party could have focused on the government’s achievements in the past 10 years. As a result, the opposition was able to set the agenda during the six weeks of campaigning.

Coalition partners may put check on BJP: Analyst

The BJP is currently projected to only win 240 seats in Lok Sabha, short of the 272 needed for a majority. That means they are set to rely on NDA coalition partners for a majority.

Those partners include Janata Dal-United, led by Nitish Kumar in the state of Bihar and the Telugu Desam Party, led by Chandrababu Naidu in the southern state of Andhra Pradesh. The TDP has won 15 seats and is leading on one seat, while the JD(U) has emerged victorious on 12 seats. Both the parties have also previously been in alliance with the Congress party.

Over the past decade, under a majority BJP government, India has slid on several democratic indices amid accusations of a crackdown on dissent, political opposition, and media.

With coalition partners to keep a check on the BJP, there “will be breathing space for the Indian civil society and the government’s critics”, Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, a Modi biographer, told Al Jazeera.

Why has BJP suffered such a setback in its Uttar Pradesh stronghold?

The BJP was hoping to repeat its landslide victory in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, where the party won 71 and 62 seats in the 2014 and 2019 elections, respectively.

But the country’s most populous state has caused the biggest shock of the 2024 elections, stopping the BJP from crossing the 272 mark, the number of seats needed to form a government. The BJP, which has won 33 seats, will now depend on allies to come back to power for a record third term.

So what went wrong? Analysts said rising prices and record unemployment were major issues as Modi’s government struggled to address these challenges. Meanwhile, the ruling party devoted a lot of its energy to divisive issues that did not find traction among voters.

Stray cattles were another issue after the state government’s 2017 decision to ban the slaughter of cattle. Farmers have complained that stray cattle destroy their crops.

The opposition also mounted a major campaign on saving the constitution. It went big with the theme that the BJP would change the constitution if it got a supermajority. The BJP had initially set a target of winning more than 400 seats.

The constitution, which guarantees reservations in jobs and legislatures for Dalits, also became a big talking point of the campaign. It created a fear among Dalits that the constitution was in danger.

The Samajwadi Party, which is a major player in Uttar Pradesh, and the Congress party, which leads the INDIA opposition alliance, made social justice a major promise. This seem to have resonated with the voters, particularly from lower caste Hindus, amid rising income inequality and economic distress.

Congress leader thanks Wayanad, Rae Bareli after double victory

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi, the scion of one of India’s most politically consequential families, has come roaring back this election after an embarrassing defeat for the seat representing the Uttar Pradesh constituency of Amethi in 2019.

This time around, Gandhi won two seats: Wayanad in the southern state of Kerala and Rae Bareli in Uttar Pradesh.

“Thank you to the people of Wayanad and Rae Bareli for the huge support that you have given me,” he said in a post on X, adding he wishes he could represent both districts.

He will have to resign from one of the seats. A by-election will be held for whichever seat he turns down.

BJP continues its electoral dominance in Modi’s home state

The BJP has continued its electoral dominance in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s home state of Gujarat, where it won 25 out of the 26 seats.

The Congress party managed to win a single seat in the Western state after a decade. The BJP had swept the state in 2014 and 2019 elections.

The BJP has been governing the state since 1995. Modi was the state’s chief minister for more than a decade before becoming prime minister in 2014.

Vote count continues

We’ll keep bringing you the latest count as the numbers are released.

White house applauds India’s ‘vibrant democratic process’

White House national security spokesperson John Kirby praised the Indian people for going to the polls and “participating in a very vibrant democratic process”.

He said Washington looks forward to seeing the final results.

Congress gains in Mumbai

India’s financial capital has six Lok Sabha seats — and in 2019, the BJP and its allies swept all six.

As in many other parts of India, 2024 has thrown up a very different outcome: The Congress and its allies are ahead on four seats, with the BJP and its partners leading in only two, with almost all votes counted.

Modi tries to ‘pump up BJP supporters’ in speech: Analyst

Speaking to Al Jazeera from Gurugram, India, analyst and economist Arun Kumar says Modi has made himself the face of the BJP. Because of that, the party’s underperformance is a personal reflection on Modi, he says.

Despite claiming victory, Kumar added, BJP leaders appeared more “chastened” than they had before the vote count.

“What you see [in Modi’s speech] is an effort to try and pump up the crowd, to pump up the BJP supporters and say we will do better,” he said.

“[He said] we achieved this, that and the other – the situation was very difficult in the last five years with a pandemic and yet we’ve done well. But the problem is the average person on the street, he was suffering as a result of the unemployment,” Kumar said.

Scant mention of BJP underperformance as Modi celebrates NDA majority

Speaking to supporters, PM Narendra Modi made little reference to his party’s underperformance in the poll. Instead, he said the election was a ringing endorsement for the BJP-led NDA coalition.

“Since 1962, this is the first time that any government, after serving two terms, returns for a third term,” he said.

He called the results “humbling and joyful”, adding, “to every voter of the country on this moment of victory, I want to bow down and salute them”.

Modi pledged that he would advance India’s defence production, increase jobs for youth, raise exports and help farmers, among other things.

“This country will see a new chapter of big decisions. This is Modi’s guarantee,” he said, speaking in the third person.

Modi hails ‘victory of the people’ in address

Modi has begun his speech at the BJP headquarters in New Delhi after his NDA alliance emerged victorious.

“Our citizens in India have full faith in the party, and today’s victory is a victory of the people,” he said.

He hailed India’s administration of the “world’s largest election”. He praised the “efficiency and strength” of the electoral system.

Modi loses ‘invincible aura’ in election: Analyst

Analysts tell Al Jazeera the electoral results raise questions over the BJP’s strategy heading into the polls.

Modi had increasingly focused on allegations the opposition planned to hand over the nation’s resources to Muslims, a tactic his critics dismissed as fearmongering. The opposition sought to corner Modi on his government’s economic track record.

The BJP pitch carried a “tone of overconfidence”, said Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay, a Modi biographer, at a time when many in the Indian public were dealing with soaring prices, joblessness and income inequality so wide that it is now worse than during British colonial rule.

The result was the “sleepwalking of the BJP into a disaster”, said Asim Ali, a political analyst and columnist.

“Today, Modi has lost his face. He is not that ‘undefeated person’, and his invincible aura is not there anymore,” Ali said.

AAP draws nil in its Delhi bastion in major poll setback

The election results are a big morale booster for the opposition INDIA alliance, but one of its constituents, the Aam Aadmi Party, has suffered a major setback.

The AAP party was hoping for sympathy votes after its leader and Chief Minister of Delhi Arvind Kejriwal was jailed on corruption charges.

Kejriwal managed to get a three-week bail to campaign in the elections. He urged the voters to exercise their franchise to end “dictatorship”, referring to the Modi government. Kejriwal, who has denied the corruption charges, has accused Modi of using federal investigating agencies to harass opposition leaders.

But the party’s emotive slogan, ‘jail ke jawab mein hum vote denge’ [we will vote to avenge jail term], did not seem to strike a chord with the voters. The party drew nil in its bastion in the national capital and managed to win only three seats in northern Punjab state, where it runs the regional government.

The Congress, which is leading the INDIA alliance, won seven seats in Punjab, where it was not in alliance with AAP.

Punjab and neighbouring Haryana, which are major agricultural belt, has voted for the Congress party as they have accused Modi of not addressing their issues.

Modi arrives to celebration at BJP headquarters

His party may have underperformed, but Modi is greeted with celebrations at the BJP headquarters in New Delhi.

He waved to cheering supporters under confetti as he entered the building ahead of his expected address.