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How to Cite a Dictionary in MLA

Dictionary – Definitions in print, on a website, or on an online database.

Citing a dictionary entry from a website or print book

Dictionary citation structure:.

“Title of Entry.” Title of Dictionary , edition (if applicable), Publisher, date published, page number or URL.

*Title note:  If the word you are citing includes multiple parts of speech and/or definitions, be sure to include the specific definition you are citing as part of the title. The part of speech should be abbreviated and italicized and included after the word, preceded by a comma. The definition number should follow the part of speech in parentheses.

For example, “Title of entry,  Abbreviated part of speech.  (Definition number).”

Dictionary Citation Example:

“Food Bank.” Cambridge Dictionary , Cambridge University Press, dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/food-bank.

Dictionary In-text Citation Structure :

(“Title of Entry”)

Dictionary In-text Citation Example:

(“Food Bank”)

Published August 10, 2012. Updated May 29, 2021.

MLA Formatting Guide

MLA Formatting

• Annotated Bibliography
• Bibliography
• Block Quotes
• et al Usage
• In-text Citations
• Paraphrasing
• Page Numbers
• Sample Paper
• Works Cited
• MLA 8 Updates
• MLA 9 Updates
• View MLA Guide

Citation Examples

• Book Chapter
• Journal Article
• Magazine Article
• Newspaper Article
• Website (no author)
• View all MLA Examples

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To cite a dictionary in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the entry’s headword (as it appears), part of speech, the title of the dictionary, and when applicable, the URL. If the definition lists multiple possible definitions, you also need to include the definition number. Templates for an in-text citation and a works-cited-list reference for an online dictionary entry are given below, with examples:

In-text citation template and example:

In parenthetical citations, use the term in double quotation marks.

Parenthetical:

(“Entry Word”).

(“Transliterate”).

When there is a definition number, use the term in double quotation marks followed by the abbreviation “def.” and the number as styled in the dictionary. Separate the definition entry word from the definition number with a comma.

(“Transliterate,” def. A18).

Works-cited-list entry template and example:

Style the entry title or headword by placing it in double quotation marks. Style the dictionary title by placing it in italics.

“Title of the Entry, Part of speech .” Title of the Dictionary , Year, URL.

“Transliterate, V .” Merriam-Webster , 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transliterate .

Example with a definition number:

Include the definition number in the headword or entry title as it appears in the dictionary.

“Transliterate, V . (1).” Merriam-Webster , 2021, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transliterate .

To cite an encyclopedia entry in MLA style, you need to have basic information including the authors, entry, editors, publication year, title of the encyclopedia, publisher, and page numbers. The templates for in-text citations and works-cited-list entries of an encyclopedia entry, along with examples, are given below:

For citations in prose, use the first name and surname of the author in the first occurrence. In subsequent citations, use only the surname. In parenthetical citations, always use only the surname of the author.

Citation in prose:

First mention: Carolyn Ellis . . .

Subsequent occurrences: Ellis . . .

. . . (Ellis)

The title of the encyclopedia is given in italics and is in title case.

Surname, First Name. “Title of the Entry.” Title of the Encyclopedia , edited by Name of the Editor, Publisher, Publication date, page.

Ellis, Carolyn. “Systematic Sociological Introspection.” The Sage Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods , edited by Lisa M. Given, Sage, 2012, p. 854.

MLA Citation Examples

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• Writing Tips

How to Cite a Dictionary in Harvard Referencing

3-minute read

• 8th May 2023

If you come across a source from a dictionary and want to use it in your research, make sure you cite it correctly, both in the text and on the reference page. In this post, we’ll show you how to cite a dictionary using basic Harvard referencing , one of the most common university referencing styles.

How to Cite a Dictionary on a Reference Page

As with any citation, you’ll need to provide all the basic source information on your reference page, whether you’re citing a print or an online dictionary:

●  Author’s name

●  Year of publication

●  Title of the dictionary entry

●  Title of the dictionary

●  Edition number

●  Place of publication (for print dictionaries)

●  Publisher (for print dictionaries)

●  URL (for online dictionaries)

Please see below for examples of each format.

Print Version

Author, X. (year). “Title of dictionary entry,” Title of Dictionary , edition number. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Online Version

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Author, X. (year). “Title of dictionary entry,” Title of Dictionary, edition number [Online]. Available at: URL (Access date).

The following are examples of what each one might look like on your reference page.

Smith, E. (2023). “Symposium,” Oxford English Reference Dictionary , 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Online Version:

Smith, E. (2023). “Symposium,” Oxford English Reference Dictionary , 4th ed. [Online]. Available at: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/definition/english/symposium?q=symposium (Accessed May 25, 2023).

How to Cite a Dictionary in the Text

You can use a parenthetical or a narrative citation to reference a dictionary entry in the body of your essay. A narrative citation mentions the author’s name in a sentence and immediately follows the name with the year of publication in parentheses.

A parenthetical citation provides the surname of the author and the year of publication in parentheses immediately following the sentence. A narrative citation looks like this:

And a parenthetical citation will look like this:

Be sure to follow the Harvard guidelines for citing multiple authors. For in-text citations, the names of up to two authors are included. For three or more authors, you should shorten the citation using the abbreviation “et al.”:

Expert Academic Proofreading

When conducting research for an essay, cover all your bases and make sure your citations hit the mark. When you send you paper to our expert editors, include your academic reference list and in-text citations so you can rest assured that they meet all the required guidelines.

We’re experienced in an array of referencing styles, so no matter what field you’re studying, we’ll make sure the structure and format of your citations are correct. See for yourself – try out our proofreading services by sending us a free sample of 500 words or less.

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Home › Study Tips › How To Cite The Oxford English Dictionary: Using MLA And APA

How To Cite The Oxford English Dictionary: Using MLA And APA

• Published June 2, 2022

Table of Contents

Writing academic essays and research papers can be more complex than it already is when you don’t know how to cite the Oxford English Dictionary (OED).

It becomes even more confusing depending on what type of OED you’re using, online or print. Why? Because you cite them in different ways. You can now rest easy since you’ve come to the right place. Read more if you want to learn how to cite the Oxford English Dictionary. 

And, if you’re looking to get ahead of your competition in education, then browse our summer programs in Oxford for high school students .

MLA or APA? 

The first step to citing any reference is to figure out what style you need to follow: MLA or APA? What’s the difference, you ask?

Good question!

The most significant is that MLA (Modern Language Association) is used for arts and humanities while APA (American Psychology Association) is for social science. Once you determine which style you need to use, you’re on your way to writing an academic essay ! 

How To Cite The Oxford English Dictionary Using MLA 9th Edition

Library database, known author.

If you’re accessing the Oxford English Dictionary via a library database and you know who the author is, this is how you cite it. 

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Edition if given and not first edition, vol. Volume Number if more than one volume, Publisher Name, Date of Publication, pp. First Page-Last Page. Name of Database . https://doi.org/DOI if there is one.

If the word you’re referencing is only found on one page, list it as such—no need to write it as a first page-last page. But if there’s no page number, you can choose to omit it. What if you don’t know who the editors are or what volume it is? You can also leave them out of your citation.  

In-Text Citation: 

(Author’s Last Name, page number)

If the page number is unavailable:

(Author’s Last Name)

Unknown Author

What if you don’t know who the author is? Here’s how to cite your entry.

“Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Edition if given and not first edition, vol. Volume Number, Publisher Name, Date of Publication, pp. First Page-Last Page. Name of Database . https://doi.org/DOI if there is one.

What if you don’t have specific information such as pages volume numbers and editors? You don’t have to include them. 

Since you don’t know the author, you need to input the first one to three words from the entry title. Please remember to enclose the title within quotation marks. Also, don’t forget to capitalise the first letter of each word. Just like this:

(“Diversity”)

Perhaps the easiest way to access the Oxford English Dictionary is through their various websites. If you know the author, here’s how to cite it:

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Publication or Update Date, URL. Accessed Day Month Year site was visited.

Did you notice that “Accessed Day Month Year site was visited” is unique to website citations? If you’re wondering, it simply refers to the day you visited the website. Also, don’t forget to abbreviate the month for the publication/update date and the accessed date; it’s necessary to abbreviate the month. 

If you don’t know who the author is, you can cite your entry this way:

“Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Publisher if known, Copyright Date or Date Updated, URL. Accessed Day Month Year site was visited.

With the lack of author information, all you have to do is place the first one to three words of the entry title within quotation marks. Remember to capitalise the first letter of each term. Here’s how:

(“Victorian”)

Of course, we can’t forget physical Oxford English Dictionaries! If you intend to use one, here’s how you can cite the material:

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary, edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Edition if given and not first edition, vol. Volume Number, Publisher Name, Year of Publication, pp. First Page-Last Page.

In case the author’s name is not provided, just the editors’, cite it this way: 

 “Title of Entry.” Title of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , edited by Editor’s First Name Last Name, Edition if given and not first edition, vol. Volume Number, Publisher Name, Year of Publication, pp. First Page-Last Page.

Since there’s no author information available, you can use the first one to three words of the entry title and enclose it with quotation marks. Capitalise the first letter of each word. Then place the page number after. Take a look at this:

(“Middle Age” 545)

How To Cite Two Authors

How should you cite the material if there are two authors? By listing them how they appear on the page. Not alphabetically! 

First Author’s Last Name, First Author’s First Name, and First Name Last Name of Second Author

Here’s what it will look like:

Will, Thomas, and Melissa Jones

How To Cite More Than Two Authors

If there are more than two authors, what you need to do is to focus on the first author in the list. 

Last Name, First Name, et al. 

In actual practice, it will look like this:

Will, Thomas, et al.

How To Cite The Oxford English Dictionary Using APA 7th Edition

The APA style is more straightforward than the MLA. When citing authors, remember it’s only the last name that’s spelt out. The first name is abbreviated. If the author’s name is Melissa Jones, the citation will look like this:

Jones, M. 

If the author’s middle name is given, for instance, Melissa Smith Jones, here’s how to cite it. 

Jones, M.S. 

When referencing the Oxford English Dictionary you find online, determine if it’s an archived version or not. If not, it means that the dictionary is continuously being updated. 

Online Archived Version: 

Author A. A. (Date). Title of entry. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Name of dictionary/encyclopedia . URL.

Online Version With Continuous Updates:

Author A. A. (n.d.). Title of entry. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Name of dictionary/encyclopedia (edition, if not the first). Publisher. URL.

No Authors, But There Are Editors: 

Editor, A., & Editor, B. (Eds.). (Date). Dictionary/Encyclopedia entry. In Name of dictionary/encyclopedia (edition, if not the first). Publisher.

No Authors And No Editors: Use Company As Corporate Author

Corporate Author. (Date). Dictionary/Encyclopedia entry. In Name of dictionary/encyclopedia (edition, if not the first). Publisher.

In-Text Citation

(Author’s last name, date)

Wrapping Up 

There you have it! By now you know how to cite the Oxford English Dictionary using both the MLA and APA styles. You’ll be more confident writing your papers from now on.

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bibliography

Definition of bibliography

Examples of bibliography in a sentence.

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'bibliography.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

probably from New Latin bibliographia , from Greek, the copying of books, from bibli- + -graphia -graphy

1689, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Articles Related to bibliography

Parts of a Book: Quire, Colophon, and...

Parts of a Book: Quire, Colophon, and More

There are a lot of chapters in this collection.

Dictionary Entries Near bibliography

bibliographica

biblioklept

Cite this Entry

“Bibliography.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bibliography. Accessed 13 May. 2024.

Kids Definition

Kids definition of bibliography, more from merriam-webster on bibliography.

Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for bibliography

Nglish: Translation of bibliography for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of bibliography for Arabic Speakers

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• Library Catalogue

Citing encyclopedias & dictionaries: Chicago/Turabian (17th ed.) citation guide

This guide is based on The Chicago Manual of Style, 17th ed. It provides examples of citations for commonly-used sources, using Notes and bibliography style only . For more detailed information consult directly The Chicago Manual of Style  (17th ed.) [ print ]. 

For the Author-date style, see the  Social sciences/sciences system .

Encyclopedia or dictionary entry

More guidelines for citing this type of material can be found in the following sections: ( 14.232 - 14.234 ).

Print version

     1. Encyclopedia Britannica , 15th ed., s.v. "Ovid."

     2. As'ad Abukhalil, "Maronites," in Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa , ed. Philip Mattar, 2nd ed., vol. 3 (New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004), 1491-92.

Bibliography

Abukhalil, As'ad. "Maronites." In Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa . Edited by Philip Mattar. 2nd ed. Vol. 3. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004.

Online version

     1. Encyclopedia Britannica Online, s.v. "Ovid," accessed May 2, 2006, http://search.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=69437&sctn=1

Grove Music Online, s.v. "Sibelius, Jean," by James Hepkoksi, accessed January 3, 2005, http://www.grovemusic.com/.

Dictionary.com, s.v. "Anorexia nervosa," accessed March 3, 2005, http://dictionary.reference.com/.

• Well-known encyclopedias and dictionaries are usually cited only in notes, with the edition specified but not all the publication facts. It is not necessary to list them in bibliographies. Other subject-specific and lesser-known encyclopedias and dictionaries should include publication details in both notes and bibliographic entries ( 14.232 ).
• The abbreviation " s.v. " (sub verbo, Latin for "under the word") is used to identify the article's title that is not signed ( 14.232 ).
• It may be appropriate to include the author of an entry if the entry is signed ( 12.232 ).
• If you cite an online encyclopedia or dictionary , always include an access date in addition to the short form of the URL. This is because online versions of encyclopedias are subject to continuous updates ( 12.233 ).
• If the article you are citing was found in a database , provide the database name (e.g. Gale Virtual Reference Library) and any identification number in parentheses after the publication details ( 14.175 ).

Cite A Dictionary entry in Harvard style

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• Select style:
• Archive material
• Chapter of an edited book
• Conference proceedings
• Dictionary entry
• Dissertation
• DVD, video, or film
• E-book or PDF
• Edited book
• Encyclopedia article
• Government publication
• Music or recording
• Online image or video
• Presentation
• Press release
• Religious text

Use the following template or our Harvard Referencing Generator how to cite a dictionary. For help with other source types, like books, PDFs, or websites, check out our other guides. To have your reference list or bibliography automatically made for you, try our free citation generator .

Reference list

Place this part in your bibliography or reference list at the end of your assignment.

In-text citation

Place this part right after the quote or reference to the source in your assignment.

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• How to cite a E-book or PDF in Harvard style
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• How to cite a Email in Harvard style
• How to cite a Encyclopedia article in Harvard style
• How to cite a Government publication in Harvard style
• ow to cite a Interview in Harvard style
• How to cite a Legislation in Harvard style
• How to cite a Magazine in Harvard style
• How to cite a Music or recording in Harvard style
• How to cite a Newspaper in Harvard style
• How to cite a Patent in Harvard style
• How to cite a Podcast in Harvard style
• How to cite a Presentation or lecture in Harvard style
• How to cite a Press release in Harvard style
• How to cite a Religious text in Harvard style
• How to cite a Report in Harvard style
• How to cite a Software in Harvard style

Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Encyclopedias & Dictionaries

• What Kind of Source Is This?
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• Book Reviews
• Class Handouts, Presentations, and Readings
• Encyclopedias & Dictionaries
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• Journal Articles
• Magazine Articles
• Newspaper Articles
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On This Page

Encyclopedia or dictionary from library database - entry with author, encyclopedia or dictionary from library database - entry without author, encyclopedia or dictionary from a website - entry with author, encyclopedia or dictionary from a website - entry without author, encyclopedia or dictionary entry in print - entry with author, encyclopedia or dictionary in print - entry without author, are reference works cited in the bibliography.

Well-known reference books (major dictionaries and encyclopedias) do not require full publication details and are usually only cited in footnotes. However, in certain (usually specialized) reference books where the entries are substantial and have authors, you may cite individual entries by author in a bibliography.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Entry," in  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Date of publication, modification, or access, https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

Bibliography Entry:

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Entry." In  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary.  Date of publication, modification, or access. https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.

  Footn ote:

1. Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , s.v. "Title of Entry," Date of publication, modification, or access, https://doi.org/DOI Number of Name of Database.

 Well-known reference books such as major dictionaries or encyclopedias do not require full publication details and are not usually cited in bibliographies.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Entry," in  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Date of publication, modification, or access, URL.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Entry." In  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary.  Date of publication, modification, or access. URL.

1. Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , s.v. "Title of Entry," Date of publication, modification, or access, URL.

1. Wikipedia, s.v. "Title of Entry," Date last modified, Time stamp, URL.

Wikipedia, s.v. "Title of Entry." Date last modified. Time stamp. URL.

 Time stamp refers to the time the article was last modified. The date and time the article was last modified appear at the bottom of each Wikipedia article.

Keep in mind that Wikipedia may not be considered an acceptable source for a college or university assignment. Be sure to evaluate the content carefully and check with your instructor if you can use it as a source in your assignment.

1. Author's First Name Last Name, "Title of Entry," in  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Edition if given and is not first edition, ed. Editor's First Name Last Name (Place of publication: Publisher, Year), Page Number.

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Entry." In  Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Edition if given and is not first edition, edited by Editor's First Name Last Name. Place of publication: Publisher, Year.

1. Name of Encyclopedia or Dictionary , Edition if given and is not first edition (Date), s.v. "Title of Entry." 

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Generate formatted bibliographies, citations, and works cited automatically

What is mybib.

MyBib is a free bibliography and citation generator that makes accurate citations for you to copy straight into your academic assignments and papers.

If you're a student, academic, or teacher, and you're tired of the other bibliography and citation tools out there, then you're going to love MyBib. MyBib creates accurate citations automatically for books, journals, websites, and videos just by searching for a title or identifier (such as a URL or ISBN).

Plus, we're using the same citation formatting engine as professional-grade reference managers such as Zotero and Mendeley, so you can be sure our bibliographies are perfectly accurate in over 9,000 styles -- including APA 6 & 7, Chicago, Harvard, and MLA 7 & 8.

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bibliography

[ bib-lee- og -r uh -fee ]

• a complete or selective list of works compiled upon some common principle, as authorship, subject, place of publication, or printer.
• a list of source materials that are used or consulted in the preparation of a work or that are referred to in the text.
• a branch of library science dealing with the history, physical description, comparison, and classification of books and other works.

/ ˌbɪblɪəʊˈɡræfɪk; ˌbɪblɪˈɒɡrəfɪ /

• a list of books or other material on a subject
• a list of sources used in the preparation of a book, thesis, etc
• a list of the works of a particular author or publisher
• the study of the history, classification, etc, of literary material
• a work on this subject
• A list of the written sources of information on a subject. Bibliographies generally appear as a list at the end of a book or article. They may show what works the author used in writing the article or book, or they may list works that a reader might find useful.

Discover More

Derived forms.

• ˌbiblioˈgraphically , adverb
• ˌbibliˈographer , noun
• bibliographic , adjective

Other Words From

• bib·li·o·graph·ic [ bib-lee-, uh, -, graf, -ik ] , bibli·o·graphi·cal adjective
• bibli·o·graphi·cal·ly adverb
• mini·bibli·ogra·phy noun plural minibibliographies

Word History and Origins

Origin of bibliography 1

Example Sentences

He’s toyed with Collatz for about fifty years and become keeper of the knowledge, compiling annotated bibliographies and editing a book on the subject, “The Ultimate Challenge.”

Some readers might prefer more background science for each question — for a book that aims to crush pseudoscience, a bibliography or at least footnotes would have been useful.

Kalb makes the disclaimer in his preface that “memoirs, by definition, are not works of history — no footnotes, no bibliography.”

Otlet began modestly in the 1890s, creating a bibliography of sociological literature.

Lop off the endnotes and bibliography, and The Measure of Manhattan is barely 300 pages.

Tyler does not provide us with a bibliography, although his extensive notes include many books on Israel and its neighbors.

For full bibliography (to 1904) see Ulysse Chevalier, Rpertoire des sources hist.

Punctuation has been normalized for the stage directions and the play listings in the Bibliography.

Within six months, if you're not sandbagged or jailed on fake libel suits, you'll have a unique bibliography of swindles.

There is a very inadequate bibliography in the Introduction.

His ample bibliography leaves no point necessary for elucidation untouched.

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Meaning of bibliography in English

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bibliography noun ( LIST OF BOOKS )

• She has included a bibliography so that readers can refer to the primary sources .
• The extensive bibliography provides ample guidance for readers who want to make a deeper study of the subject .
• Most books on art materials and techniques also include excellent bibliographies for further reading .
• The center has compiled a bibliography of scientific research on meditation .
• The authors provide bibliographies of the poets ' works and lists of useful , up-to-date anthologies and criticism .
• acknowledgment
• acknowledgments phrase
• bibliographic
• bibliographically
• non-biographical

bibliography noun ( STUDY OF BOOKS )

• He cataloged books for the booksellers Pearson & Co. and was a professor of bibliography at Cambridge University.
• In the early 1930s he turned his attention toward bibliography, and became a professor of librarianship.

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Bibliography | intermediate english, examples of bibliography, translations of bibliography.

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• bibliography (LIST OF BOOKS)
• bibliography (STUDY OF BOOKS)
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Definition of bibliography noun from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

bibliography

• There is a useful bibliography at the end of each chapter.
• The book includes a selective bibliography of works on French art.
• You'll find the professor's book in the bibliography.
• an extensive bibliography of books and articles
• put together
• in a/​the bibliography
• bibliography of

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