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Presentations & Posters

Explore recent and past leading-edge presentations and posters presented by RGC staff.

Responsible Gambling & Gambling Harm Prevention 

From problem gambling to gambling harms: moving to a new framework.

Discovery 2021 , October 21st, 2021

Alex Price, PhD, Senior Researcher, RGC

While RG typically focuses on preventing and responding to problem gambling, it has the potential to do much more. By focusing on gambling harms more broadly, RG initiatives can reach a wider audience, including third parties and communities. Discover how to reduce the negative impacts of gambling across the many dimensions of peoples’ lives.

Intended for : regulators, operators, RG and treatment professionals globally.

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The emerging impact of covid-19 on gambling.

34th National Conference on Gambling Addiction & Responsible Gambling , November 6th, 2020

In Ontario, COVID-19 has had a profound effect on public health and every-day life. In part, this impact has been reflected in the provincial government’s emergency measures declaration on March 17, 2020. These measures have resulted in the restriction of most hospitality and recreation businesses, including in-person gambling facilities, and many non-essential workplaces.

In order to understand the effects of the pandemic on Ontarian gamblers and make evidence-informed changes and improvements to community outreach and prevention programming, the RGC’s Centre for the Advancement of Best Practices rapidly conceived and implemented a provincial study.

Intended for: regulators, operators, RG and treatment professionals in the United States.

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Beyond pg: rg prevention messaging that anyone can use.

34th National Conference on Gambling Addiction & Responsible Gambling , Digital Symposium July 21, 2020

Janine Robinson, Director of CABP, RGC

Responsible Gambling programs and interventions have an incredible opportunity to stop Problem Gambling before it starts, but many of these initiatives focus exclusively on supporting individuals who have already begun to experience problems with their play. This workshop explored practical ways to talk with players about prevention before they experience harms, using proven RG strategies.

Attendees learned what staff can do and say when sharing prevention programming, how to provide training and support that empowers staff to have effective prevention-focused interactions with players, and the role that senior executives and board members must play to move beyond compliance and formulate a proactive, preventative RG strategy.

Intended for: industry professionals, regulators, researchers, and treatment providers

Driving Culture Change through Responsible Gambling Training

New Horizons 2020 March 12, 2020

This workshop explored innovative solutions to fill knowledge gaps in the RG sector, and showcased the latest training strategies and communication tools for their implementation. It discussed how to begin a culture shift away from compliance-based programs and towards high value, impact-driven RG.

Intended for: industry professionals, regulators, researchers, educators, and treatment providers

Continuing our Responsibility in an Era of Mistrust

2019 Clubs NSW Annual Conference; Clubs ACT November 1, 2019

This session outlined characteristics of RG leaders, highlighting leading practices in RG internationally and exploring how first-rate RG programs can build trust and increase social licence to operate. It outlined opportunities for growth and innovation in RG, including enhanced training and reinforcement for staff, targeting appealing and positive RG messaging to a broad range of players, and creating a culture of RG.

Intended for: Club owners, executives, and employees in Australian jurisdictions

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Game changers: the evolution of rg initiatives and practices for consumers.

Singapore Symposium on Gambling Regulations August 30, 2019

Shelley White, MA, Chief Executive Officer, RGC

The presentation highlighted emerging responsible gambling initiatives and practices that are having a positive impact on consumer behavior, in Canada, United States, Australia, UK and Asia. There are considerable changes occurring in the responsible gambling landscape given the technology, demographic, economic, political, and social shifts taking place around the world, that are driving change. The presentation provided a holistic perspective looking at both new RG initiatives, as well as adaptations to existing practices. New initiatives include innovative approaches to training, customer engagement, technology solutions, social marketing, market segmentation and measuring impact. Adaptations to accreditation, self-exclusion, the provision of RG information to consumers and youth education are underway as we seek to have greater impact on consumer engagement and behavior. It also looked to the future and offered recommendations for future areas of focus.

A Needs Assessment of Responsible Gambling Manager Education

Co-presented with Kahlil Philander; 17th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking

May 28, 2019

RG training programs designed to help frontline employees recognize and respond to player warning signs are relatively common in the industry, but more extensive and specialized training for those who design and lead RG programs is needed. This session shared the results of a training needs assessment for RG managers, conducted to fill this gap in the field.

Intended for: industry professionals, regulators, researchers, and educators

Creating and Implementing Effective Responsible Gambling Measures

Global Gaming Expo G2E Asia May 23, 2019

Maintaining a responsible gaming programs is an important part of most regulated gaming operations, and savvy companies dedicate a significant amount of time and money to providing these resources to their players. Presentation considered various responsible gaming requirements in use throughout Asia and individual measures RGC offers to address these unique problems. Also, discussion regarding responsible gaming programs being proposed for Japan, using individual experiences and insights to evaluate the effectiveness of and challenges posed by measures like entry levies, visit limits and more.

Implementing Social Safeguarding Measures & RG Messaging: Global Examples

Japan Gaming Congress May 17, 2019

Responsible gambling occurs through the collective actions and shared responsibility. Presentation focussed on RGC’s programs/products available for the industry and ones that are offered to the public. An overview was provided about RG Check for venues and online.

Discovery 2019 May 8, 2019

No overall measure can provide a perfect assessment of RG performance, but many of these measures can contribute to a better understanding of the impact of RG programs on players, employees and organizational performance. Presentation discusses several measures, along with their strengths and weaknesses.

Intended for: operators & regulators

Risk Mitigation Strategies for Lottery

Sasha Stark PhD, Senior Researcher, RGC

This presentation outlines the risks of lottery play and outlines mitigation strategies that address the needs of players, retailers, and operators. Recommendations focus on the importance of providing information, tailored training, organizational support, and evaluation.

Intended for: operators and regulators

Public Policy Issues and Protecting the Public Interest

Toronto Osgoode Hall Panel Discussion November 6, 2018

Panel discussion on Responsible Gambling with a focus on policies, accreditation, litigation and duty of care. RGC’s presentation focused on RG Check.

The Brave New World of Responsible Gambling

Responsible Gaming Academy, Vienna April 24, 2018

The gambling landscape is transforming dramatically due to the significant demographic, technological, economic, political, and social changes that are taking place globally. To continue to have an impact, RG policy, programming, and response needs to keep up with the changing profile of gambling. This presentation explores how research can inform the development of evidence-based responsible gambling policies and practices to reduce harms to players, while also reducing risk and enhancing trust for operators. It also examines leading practices that regulators, operators, and non-profit organizations are adopting to prevent problem gambling in this new reality.

Online Gambling & Sports Betting

Collaboration for supporting digital wellbeing & preventing online gambling harms.

9th Annual GambleAware Conference December 8 2021, London, UK

Intended for: UK and international stakeholders in gambling and other digital entertainment fields.

Online Behaviours, Substance Use, & Intoxicated Gambling among Ontario Gamblers during the COVID-19 Pandemic

20th Annual Conference of the Alberta Gambling Research Institute April 7, 2021, virtual

A growing body of research suggests various addictive behaviours have increased during COVID-19-precipitated closures and restrictions. Although substance use, online behaviours, and gambling while under the influence are associated with an increased level of gambling risk, little information exists on co-participation and simultaneous use patterns.

Intended for: Canadian and international researchers and responsible gambling stakeholders.

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Public health implications of online sports betting in canada.

Public Health Policy Rounds, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto September 2019

Alex Price PhD, Senior Researcher, RGC

This presentation provided an overview of sports betting world-wide and examined evidence of key risk factors, such as youth and young adulthood, marketing and advertising, betting features, cultural influence of sport, and substance use. The presentation closes with implications for sports betting legalization in Canada and policy options

Intended for: graduate students and faculty at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health, stakeholders affiliated with the collaborative program in public health policy at the University of Toronto

Youth & Young Adults

Developing and testing messaging about cannabis and gambling for young people.

20th Annual National Center for Responsible Gaming Conference on Gambling and Addiction October 13, 2019

This poster reviews a scoping exercise to identify the needs for education and awareness messaging about gambling and cannabis among adolescents and young adults in Ontario. Results suggested that information on the links between gambling and cannabis, the risk associated with gambling following cannabis use, and strategies to reduce risk would be useful for young people. One social media message about the links between excessive gambling and cannabis use was pilot tested successfully among adolescents.

Intended for: researchers, prevention, operators and regulators

Knowledge Translation Strategy for Coming of Age Youth in Greater Sudbury

New Critical Directions in Gambling Studies Conference September 3, 2019

This poster outlines the results of a focus group and in-depth interviews conducted with 19 and 20 year olds who live in Sudbury, a large municipality in northern Ontario with a diverse youth population and that is undergoing gambling expansion. Results showed that coming of age youth could benefit from knowing more about gambling risks, ways to limit risk, and sources of support, and the best ways to share this information are online, on campus, and where they gamble.

Intended for: early career gambling researchers

Sharpening Our Approach to Youth Gambling Prevention

17th International Conference on Gambling and Risk Taking May 28, 2019

This presentation outlines ways to improve approaches for youth gambling prevention, including building new partnerships, targeting high-risk subgroups, including other behaviours and/or substances, and finding new ways to reach and engage youth.

Understanding and Reducing Harms among Young Adults in Ontario

7th Annual Momentum Research Realized Conference May 14, 2019

This presentation provides a general overview of the increased risk of gambling harm among young adults, existing youth prevention programs in the province, and recent RGC initiatives focused on coming-of-age young adults and cannabis use.

Intended for: clinicians, mental health professionals

Published Research and Insight Projects

Recent and past research projects, presentations and posters published by RGC’s Centre for the Advancement of Best Practices.

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The Responsible Gambling Council (RGC) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting safer gambling by influencing positive change and advancing responsible gambling standards in Canada and around the world.

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Online Gambling Addiction: the Relationship Between Internet Gambling and Disordered Gambling

Sally m. gainsbury.

Centre for Gambling Education and Research, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480 Australia

One of the most significant changes to the gambling environment in the past 15 years has been the increased availability of Internet gambling, including mobile; Internet gambling is the fastest growing mode of gambling and is changing the way that gamblers engage with this activity. Due to the high level of accessibility, immersive interface and ease at which money can be spent, concerns have been expressed that Internet gambling may increase rates of disordered gambling. The current paper aimed to provide an overview of the research to date as well as highlight new and interesting findings relevant to Internet gambling addiction. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to provide an overview of significant trends and developments in research that relates to disordered Internet gambling. This paper presents research to inform a greater understanding of adult participation in Internet gambling, features of this interface that may impact problem severity, the relationship between Internet gambling and related problems, as well as considering the role of the wider spectrum of gambling behaviour and relevant individual factors that moderate this relationship.

Introduction

Internet gambling (a term largely interchangeable with interactive remote and online gambling) refers to the range of wagering and gaming activities offered through Internet-enabled devices, including computers, mobile and smart phones, tablets and digital television. This mode of gambling, facilitated by technological advances, increased Internet availability and ownership of Internet-enabled devices, is not a separate type of gambling activity. Rather it is a mode of access that is distinct from gambling in person at terrestrial or land-based retail outlets and placing wagers over the telephone. As such, it is a largely automated activity that could be conducted in private, at any time and location, using high-speed Internet connections enabling rapid placement of bets and notification of outcomes. The ability for large wagers, continuous gambling, rapid feedback and instant, easy access to a vast number of betting options has resulted in concerns that Internet gambling could contribute to excessive gambling [ 1 , 2 ].

As a result of the empirical comparisons demonstrating the fundamental parallels between gambling problems and substance use, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) includes a new category of Non-Substance Behavioural Addiction within the substance addictions category [ 3 ]. Disordered gambling is classified as the first behavioural addiction and will serve as a ‘blueprint’ for research on other syndromes and arguably set a precedent for the compilation of evidence on other similarly excessive behaviours [ 4 ] such as ‘Internet gaming disorder’ (currently in section 3 of the DSM-5). Mounting evidence of distress and dysfunction related to excessive and problematic Internet use and specifically Internet gaming led the DSM-5 Taskforce to officially call for further research on this behaviour [ 5 ]. Given the similarities in the experience and excessive use of Internet gambling and gaming and the potential for harm based on excessive Internet use, pathological use of Internet gambling also warrants specific consideration [ 4 ]. The current paper aimed to provide an overview of the research to date as well as highlight new and interesting findings relevant to adult Internet gambling addiction. A comprehensive review of the existing literature was conducted to provide an overview of significant trends and developments in research that relates to disordered Internet gambling.

Participation

Internet gambling is growing rapidly in terms of popularity, market share and products offered. The online global gambling market was valued at €6.1 billion in 2013, with expected annual growth of 10.1 % in 2018 [ 6 ]. Online gambling accounted for an estimated 8–10 % of the total global gambling market in 2012, and this proportion appears to be increasing [ 7 – 9 ]. Globally, the largest online gambling product is wagering, accounting for 53 % of the online gambling market, followed by casino games (including slot machines/pokies/electronic gaming machines, 25.4 %), poker (14.2 %), and bingo (7.4 %) [ 8 ].

Internationally, an increasing number of jurisdictions are legalizing and regulating Internet gambling [ 10 ]. This follows recognition of the difficulties of enforcing prohibition and the benefits of regulation, including requiring harm minimization measures to enhance consumer protection, and generating taxation revenue [ 1 ]. Although the prevalence of Internet gambling appears to be relatively low, participation is increasing rapidly, particularly in jurisdictions that permit access to regulated sites [ 11 , 12 ••]. For example, in Australia following the legalization of Internet wagering and lottery playing, prevalence rates in Internet gambling rose from less than 1 % in 1999 to 8.1 % in 2011 [ 13 ]. Similarly in the UK, an average of 16 % of respondents had participated in at least one form of online gambling in the previous 4 weeks [ 11 ]. In comparison, only 6 % of the British population used the Internet to gamble in the past year in 2007, although this figure does not include purchasing lottery tickets online, which may have increased the participation rate [ 14 ].

Internet gambling use is likely to continue to grow as online platforms become increasingly used to engage in entertainment and recreational activities, including through phones and other wireless devices. Research suggests that the most commonly reported motivators and advantages of Internet gambling are the convenience and accessibility of this mode [ 15 – 17 ]. Other commonly stated advantages of Internet gambling include greater value for money, including payout rates and bonuses, the speed and ease of online gambling, greater number of betting products and options and the physical comfort of being able to gamble from home.

Internet gambling represents a fundamental shift in how consumers engage in gambling, and concerns have been expressed by various stakeholders about these changes. Disadvantages cited by Internet gamblers include that it is easier to spend money online, it is too convenient and concerns about account safety [ 15 – 18 , 19 •, 20 ]. Other concerns include that the high accessibility to Internet gambling may increase gambling, particularly among technology-savvy youth, and lead to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of disordered gambling [ 1 , 21 ]. These concerns have led to recommendations for Internet gambling to be prohibited, or conversely regulated, in an attempt to institute policies to minimize harms [ 1 , 12 ••, 18 , 22 , 23 •, 24 ].

Internet Gambling and Problem Gambling

Features of internet gambling that may impact problem severity.

Evidence suggests that there is a relationship, albeit complex, between the availability of gambling opportunities and increased levels of related problems [ 25 – 30 ]. Consequently, it has been asserted that the easy access to gambling provided by Internet modes may lead to the development or exacerbation of gambling problems [ 1 , 22 , 24 , 31 ].

Internet gambling also has some unique features that may pose additional risks for harm, particularly for vulnerable populations. Internet gambling differs from land-based gambling primarily in terms of its constant availability, easy access and ability to bet for uninterrupted periods in private, facilitated by the interactive and immersive Internet environment [ 2 , 18 , 32 – 34 , 35 •]. The use of digital forms of money (e.g. credit cards, electronic bank transfers and e-wallets) appears to lead to increased gambling and losses, particularly for problem gamblers, as people feel that they are not spending ‘real’ money [ 16 , 32 , 36 , 38 , 39 ]. Surveys indicate that 19–28 % of online gamblers report it is easier to spend more money online [ 20 , 39 ], while 15 % consider this form to be more addictive than land-based gambling [ 15 ].

The immersive nature of Internet gambling is also clear through reports that online gamblers, particularly those experiencing problems, are more likely to report disruption to their sleep and eating patterns than land-based gamblers [ 18 , 36 , 37 ]. Data collected by gambling treatment services suggest that Internet gambling currently makes a small, but growing, contribution to gambling problems among those seeking formal help [ 37 , 40 , 41 ]. Surveys have found that online problem gamblers are significantly less likely to have sought formal help as compared to land-based problem gamblers [ 20 , 42 , 43 ]. This suggests that problems related to Internet gambling may be underrepresented in treatment-seeking samples and are likely to increase over time as more people participate in this mode and problem severity increases.

The Relationships Between Internet Gambling and Gambling Problems

Initial concerns over the harmful effects of Internet gambling are sensible as numerous studies have found greater levels of problem gambling severity amongst samples of Internet as compared to non-Internet gamblers [ 13 , 31 , 41 , 43 – 46 , 47 •, 48 ]. For example, in an Australian nationally representative prevalence survey, the overall problem gambling rate among Australian non-Internet gamblers was 0.9 %. In comparison, the rate among Internet gamblers was three times higher at 2.7 % [ 13 ]. Fewer than 60 % of Internet gamblers were classified as non-problem gamblers, compared to more than 80 % of non-Internet gamblers, which was a significant difference. Furthermore, the average PGSI score of Internet gamblers was significantly higher than that of non-Internet gamblers. Similarly, a total of 16.4 % of Internet gamblers were classified as either moderate or problem gamblers, compared to a rate of 5.7 % among non-Internet gamblers [ 43 ]. However, there is little evidence available that would enable the causation of Internet-related gambling problems to be determined, and most longitudinal studies contain too few Internet gamblers to provide meaningful analyses.

Despite some indications of a positive correlation, the relationship between Internet gambling participation and problems has not been confirmed. Some studies have found similar rates of gambling problems among Internet and land-based gamblers [ 15 , 41 ]. Research also suggests that very few Internet gamblers gamble exclusively online [ 12 ••, 24 , 48 , 49 ]. Further analyses of prevalence studies that control for factors such as demographic variables and gambling involvement have found that participation in Internet gambling does not independently predict problem gambling severity [ 13 , 20 , 36 , 46 , 50 ••, 51 , 52 ]. For example, even though Internet gamblers were more likely to be classified as being at risk or experiencing gambling problems in a nationally representative survey, when other variables were controlled for, Internet gambling participation was not predictive of problem gambling severity [ 13 ]. Similarly, using data from the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Study, LaPlante and colleagues [ 50 ••] found that gambling formats (particularly Internet gambling) and problem gambling were not significantly related when gambling involvement was included in the model (based on the number of gambling activities used in the past 12 months). This finding was in contrast to earlier analyses [ 31 ] and demonstrates the importance of controlling for confounding factors.

Further evidence to question the extent to which Internet gambling increases rates of problem gambling can be taken from prevalence studies. Despite rates of Internet gambling increasing in several jurisdictions, little evidence has been found to suggest that the prevalence of problem gambling has increased [ 13 , 53 , 54 ]. An analysis across 30 European jurisdictions failed to identify any association between prohibitions against online gambling, gambling licencing systems, the extent of legal gambling opportunities and the prevalence of gambling disorder [ 55 ••].

The Impact of Internet and Land-Based Gambling on Gambling Problems

Evidence is emerging that Internet gambling is not only predictive of gambling problems but also that when other variables are controlled for, individuals who gamble online may have lower rates of gambling problems. Studies that have isolated Internet-only gamblers have found that these gamblers have lower rates of gambling problems than gamblers who only gamble offline and those who use both online and offline modes [ 48 , 51 , 56 •]. Gamblers who engage in online as well as offline modes appear to have the greatest risks of harm, which is likely related to their greater overall gambling involvement [ 48 , 56 •, 57 ••].

The relationship between Internet and problem gambling is likely mediated by the use of land-based gambling. A study examining actual Internet gambling account activity combined with a self-report measure of gambling problems confirmed that gambling involvement, as indicated by number of games played and days bets placed on in past year, is predictive of gambling problems amongst the sample of Internet gamblers analysed [ 58 ]. These results are consistent with a wide body of research which suggests that gambling disorder is related to high levels of involvement (in terms of expenditure, time, frequency and variety of gambling forms used) [ 13 , 36 , 52 , 59 – 63 ]. Therefore, research suggests that highly involved gamblers are more likely to engage with Internet modes, including those with existing gambling problems, than less involved gamblers. However, a study comparing behavioural data from online gambling sites with self-report of gambling problems found that not all highly involved gamblers were at risk for gambling-related problems, and likewise, not all those with low involvement screened negatively for gambling-related problems [ 64 ]. This is an important finding as it demonstrates (unsurprisingly) that a single gambling index (such as a frequency of gambling, or expenditure) is not adequate to predict gambling problems.

Involvement in Internet gambling appears to be more likely among gamblers with existing problems as compared to non-problem gamblers [ 35 •]. Studies have found that one third to one half of Internet gamblers experiencing gambling problems attribute these to land-based forms of gambling, and over half report that they had existing problems before they ever gambled online [ 13 , 20 ]. This is consistent with one study reporting that problem Internet gamblers prefer land-based over Internet gambling [ 24 ]. Few studies have investigated the types of gambling that are most likely to be associated with problems related to Internet gambling. In an Australian national survey, almost half of all gamblers stated that land-based electronic gaming machines were the primary cause of their problems, including among Internet gamblers [ 13 ]. Internet gamblers are most likely to associate their problems with casino games, sports and race wagering and poker [ 13 , 20 ]. In particular, sports betting appeared to be associated with moderate risk and problem gambling, a finding not replicated among land-based only gamblers [ 13 , 20 ]. However, this finding may be specific to the Australian context as sports wagering is one of the few legal forms of online gambling.

Conversely, for some Internet problem gamblers, this mode of gambling appears to be the proximal cause of problems, with problem gamblers reporting that their problems started after they first gambled online and around half specifically attributing problems to this mode [ 13 , 20 ]. These results are consistent with other research findings [ 57 ••, 48 ], suggesting that for some problem gamblers, Internet gambling played an important causal role, while others had existing problems, which were likely exacerbated by Internet gambling. However, most studies examining the relationship between Internet gambling and problems are cross-sectional, which do not allow for causality to be determined and self-report is subject to bias and reliant on accuracy of reporting. Longitudinal research will be an important addition to this field to address these issues. As Internet gambling increases in popularity and use, it is likely that the next generation of gamblers will use Internet modes earlier in their gambling career, which may increase the proportion of individuals who experience problems that are attributed to this mode. However, there is a growing recognition that Internet gamblers are a heterogeneous group, and research needs to consider how Internet gambling behaviour may be integrated more broadly with offline gambling [ 48 , 65 ].

Risk Factors for Internet Gambling Problems

Personal variables, socio-demographic variables.

Analysis of demographic variables suggests that Internet problem gamblers overall do not represent a distinctly different cohort than gamblers who experience problems related to land-based gambling. Risk factors for Internet problem gambling identified include being male, younger adults, and being from a culturally diverse background [ 13 , 20 , 41 , 66 , 67 ]. The consistent relationship found between problematic Internet gambling and younger age suggests that this population is particularly vulnerable to harms related to this form, and use of Internet gambling amongst young males is an area that warrants further attention in terms of research as well as harm minimisation.

Risk factors identified do not appear to be universal; for example, Gainsbury, Russell, Wood, Hing and Blaszczynski [ 13 ] found problem Internet gamblers more likely to be young, less educated and have greater debts than non-problem Internet gamblers. A subsequent study found only age differed between Internet and non-Internet problem gamblers when controlling for Internet gambling participation, and there were no significant differences based on education or income [ 20 ]. In contrast, Jiménez-Murcia and colleagues [ 68 ] found that online problem gamblers had higher educational levels and higher socio-economic status than non-Internet problem gamblers; however, both groups showed similar psychopathological profiles or personality characteristics. Other studies have also found that Internet gamblers are more likely to have higher educational levels and socio-economic profiles [e.g. 43 , 48 , 65 ], as well as higher levels of problem gambling than non-Internet gamblers. However, these are associations that do not control for the interaction between variables so it is difficult to draw firm conclusions about problem as compared to non-problem Internet gamblers. It is likely that the profile of those at risk for developing Internet gambling problems will change as this mode of gambling becomes more accepted and widely used and further research is conducted.

Physical and Mental Health Comorbidities

Studies have also found higher rates of health and mental health comorbidities, including smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as substance abuse or dependence, and mood disorders among Internet as compared to non-Internet gamblers [ 13 , 15 , 30 , 31 , 43 , 44 , 47 •, 49 , 57 ••, 67 , 69 , 70 ]. \One study found that Internet gambling frequency was significantly associated with poor physical and mental health, after controlling for demographics and pathological gambling, but overall gambling frequency was not [ 71 ]. A study examining irrational and erroneous thinking found that greater levels of erroneous cognitions significantly predicted problem gambling severity when controlling for other variables among Internet gamblers [ 46 ]. As psychological comorbidities and irrational thinking are related to problems amongst land-based gamblers, these results suggest that the clinical characteristics of Internet problem gamblers are similar to offline gamblers.

There is also evidence that Internet problem gamblers have higher rates of drug and alcohol use than non-problem gamblers. Analysis of 1119 surveys completed by online gamblers indicated that compared to non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers were more likely to smoke cigarettes, have a disability and drink alcohol while gambling online [ 67 ]. This is consistent with higher rates of mood and substance use disorders and self-harm among highly involved Internet gamblers [ 70 ]. An Australian telephone survey found that illicit drug use was a significant predictor of having greater levels of gambling problems [ 13 ]. These results may indicate that Internet gamblers who are at risk for gambling problems may engage in a range of risk-taking behaviours, for example, due to high levels of impulsivity [ 72 ].

Nonetheless, the relationships between Internet gambling, gambling problems and other mental health issues are still unclear [ 73 ]. For example, multiple studies in Sweden did not support the assumption that Internet gambling would attract people with low social support, psychological problems, physical problems or health problems such as risky alcohol consumption [ 41 ]. Similarly, offline gamblers were more likely to report health and psychological impacts of problem gambling than Internet gamblers in an Australian study comparing at-risk and problem gamblers [ 20 ]. Furthermore, in a nationally representative Australian telephone survey, Internet gamblers were less likely to drink alcohol and smoke when they were gambling online than when gambling in land-based venues, indicating they were unlikely to be using Internet modes to avoid restrictions on smoking or alcohol [ 13 ].

Overall, existing studies fail to define specific personal or behavioural risk factors to differentiate between Internet and non-Internet problem gamblers. There is some evidence that these do represent at least partially different cohorts; however, the heterogeneity in each group makes specific risk factors difficult to identify. No studies have established the causation between associations found and the direction of any link between problem online gambling. The individual factors related to Internet gambling problems are under-researched and would benefit from longitudinal studies to clarify the mechanism of action of any relationships between variables.

Gambling Behaviours

Intense gambling involvement has been verified as a predictor of gambling problems for online and offline gamblers. Other gambling-related behaviours have also been identified as being potential markers of risky Internet gambling. Gambling online on unregulated sites [ 41 , 74 ] and using multiple different accounts [ 75 ] and different online activities [ 20 , 48 , 57 ••] have been found to be predictive of higher levels of gambling problems. It is possible that unregulated sites attract individuals who are at greater risk for experiencing problems, and use of multiple online accounts and multiple activities is a proxy indicator of gambling involvement, a known predictor of harm.

Analyses of player accounts, including players who exhibit what appears to be risky behaviour, as well as those who have closed accounts due to stated gambling problems, have enabled markers of problem gambling, including early predictors, to be identified. Potential predictors of risky Internet gambling or the emergence of problems include engaging in multiple online gambling activities, high variability in betting, multiple bets per day, many active betting days per month, many bets per betting day, high overall stakes and net loss, increasing bet size and losses, chasing losses and intervals of increasing wagering size, followed by rapid drops [ 58 , 59 , 76 – 80 ]. One notable finding from studies of the bwin.party dataset (which include most of the behavioural analyses that have been conducted) is the consistent finding that participation in live action sports betting (also known as in-play) is an independent predictor of problem gambling severity, when controlling for gambling involvement [ 58 , 59 , 79 ]. This type of betting allows frequent and repeated bets to be placed during a single sporting event, with rapidly determined outcomes, which may be particularly attractive to people who are highly impulsive and at greater risk for disordered gambling [ 81 ]. However, this relationship has not been investigated in independent samples.

In addition to behavioural variables, other information about gamblers’ risk levels can be observed by online operators. Analysis of customer communication with online operators identified risk markers that predicted customers closing their accounts due to stated gambling problems. These included expressed doubts about results of games, requests for account reopening, queries about financial transactions and account administration, the frequency of contacts per month (urgency) and use of a threatening tonality [ 82 ]. These results were based on a relatively small sample with a limited control group. A subsequent study found that automated text analyses of email correspondence aided by human assessment could identify anger (abusive tonality) as well as urgency (time-related words) and a lower use of justification for demands and/or actions, which were found to predict self-exclusion [ 83 ].

Single, unmistakable indicators for problems are uncommon, and therefore detection of risk indicators usually relies on algorithms to detect interaction between these. Further research is still required to untangle whether game-specific characteristics play a causal role in the emergence of gambling problems. Research is also needed on a variety of different player accounts, as the vast majority of research has been done with a single dataset from one European gambling site, which may not be generalizable to other online gamblers. Identifying, detecting and acting on early risk indicators may reduce gambling-related harms sustained by Internet gamblers. However, few online operators have shared their data to be used for research purposes or implemented policies and strategies to detect potentially risky players and implement appropriate resources. Such preventative action is generally not required by Internet gambling regulators, meaning that further action is reliant on operator-initiated action.

Conclusions

Taken together, the evidence reviewed here suggests that Internet gambling does not cause gambling problems in, and of, itself. However, use of Internet gambling is more common among highly involved gamblers, and for some Internet gamblers, this medium appears to significantly contribute to gambling problems. Internet gamblers are a heterogeneous group, and the impact of this mode of access on gambling problems is moderated by a range of individual, social and environmental variables. As Internet gambling continues to evolve and participation increases, particularly among young people who are highly familiar with Internet technology and online commerce, it is likely that related problems will emerge. Research and regulation will have to evolve to further the understanding of the impact of this mode of access on the experience and incidence of gambling disorders.

There appear to be some unique differences between Internet and land-based gamblers who experience problems [ 20 ]. Theoretical models for gambling and problem gambling have been developed based on land-based gambling, largely not considering the recent emergence of Internet modes. It is important to revisit these conceptual models to verify if they account for pathological gambling among Internet gamblers and whether any new variables or interactions should be included to explain the emergence of gambling problems. Research will likely continue to distinguish the characteristics (mediators and moderator) that may be used to identify online gamblers who are at risk for gambling-related problems. This is necessary to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how people develop gambling problems.

Research is needed to understand how to reduce the likelihood of people transitioning to disordered gambling. The Internet offers a potentially strong environment for the provision of responsible gambling, including player-focused tools and resources for moderating play such as expenditure tracking, self-set spend limits, time outs and information [ 19 •, 84 ]. Furthermore, operators can enact strategies to assist customers including targeted notifications (e.g. pop-up messages) based on patterns of play and other tailored contacts derived from analysis of player accounts to identify risky behaviour [ 2 , 85 ]. Enhancing the provision of a responsible gambling environment will require cooperation between independent researchers to design, evaluate and verify strategies, operators to enable access to appropriate data and implement procedures and regulators to require the use of effective responsible gambling policies. Treatment and prevention strategies must be revisited to ensure that these are relevant and effective for Internet gamblers. Brief online interventions as well as in-depth online treatment programmes may be relevant for Internet gamblers [ 85 ]. Online self-exclusion programmes should be developed that would allow individuals to exclude themselves from multiple gambling sites simultaneously.

The findings presented here are important for policy makers due to evidence that Internet gambling in itself is not harmful. The research is also relevant for clinicians, as it suggests that in addition to some gambling forms being more likely to lead to problems, how individuals access these also has an impact on subsequent harms. This highlights the importance of considering the broad spectrum of gambling behaviour and how different patterns of gambling may be associated with the experience of gambling-related harm. Further research is required to identify the protective factors of online gambling environments that may reduce levels of harms among Internet gamblers. These may include the capacity for lower bet sizes than in land-based venues (due to lower costs for operators); the ability to track wins, losses and deposits using an online account, gambling only for short sessions due to other activities concurrently occurring in the home, or outside of a gambling venue; the presence of others when gambling; and access to responsible gambling tools and resources [ 51 ].

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

Conflict of interest.

Dr. Gainsbury has received grants from Gambling Research Australia; NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing; Echo Entertainment; Aristocrat Leisure Industries; Manitoba Gambling Research Program; and Sportsbet pertaining to research to understand and enhance the responsible provision of Internet gambling, research to understand optimal treatment approaches for gambling, research to enhance responsible gambling strategies and assessment of problem gambling among casino employees. Dr. Gainsbury has received honoraria from the Department of Broadband Communication and the Digital Economy, Department of Social Services, Gaming Technologies Association, British Columbia Lottery Corporation and Nova Scotia Provincial Lotteries and Casino Corporation for research and expertise to inform responsible gambling messages and responsible gambling strategies for Internet gambling. Dr. Gainsbury has received travel accommodations or expense reimbursement from the British Columbia Lottery Corporation, Clubs ACT, Leagues Clubs Australia, National RSL Clubs, Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation and Casinos Austria to attend and present at conferences on topic of responsible gambling. Dr. Gainsbury was a board member on Techlink Entertainment’s Responsible Gambling Advisor Board from January 2012 through May 2013.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Technology and Addiction

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

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3 influencers break down how they make money from gambling content, from YouTube ads to affiliate marketing

• At the SBC Summit in May, gambling influencers broke down how they make money from content.
• They described their revenue from affiliate marketing and YouTube advertising.
• The creators also opened up about the challenges of promoting gambling and working with operators.

The expansion of legal gambling in the US has kickstarted the growth of gambling influencers who play and promote sports betting, slots, and other casino games online.

Josh Duffy, known for his gaming channel Slotaholic, plays slot machines on YouTube for his 27,000 subscribers. Kelly Koffler, who has nearly 60,000 subscribers across her YouTube channels Casino Kelly and Beyond Blackjack, plays casino games such as slots and Blackjack. And, Jon Della Terza, also known as the "NJ Slot Guy," creates content on high-limit slots.

On Wednesday at the SBC North America Summit in New Jersey, the three gambling influencers broke down how they make money from their content and the challenges of promoting gambling online.

The creators said they generated revenue mainly from affiliate-marketing deals with gambling brands and advertising on their YouTube channels.

Unlike some other content niches, restrictions on gambling content can limit the ways influencers earn and how much they can make. Platforms like YouTube and Twitch restrict gambling on certain sites, while others, including Instagram and TikTok, limit how gambling content is distributed.

With affiliate deals, where influencers are paid for referring customers to gambling operators, the creators said they preferred to be paid flat fees instead of signing revenue-share agreements. They said they did not want to profit directly from someone's losses.

"It's a flat rate for me," said Koffler. "I did not personally want to take a rev share or a per click because I just felt gross about that. I felt like it would be me preying on my audience."

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Even with flat rates, the influencers said affiliate contracts typically brought in more revenue than YouTube , which requires creators to have at least 1,000 subscribers and a certain number of watch hours to earn a cut of the ad revenue from their videos.

"You typically get maybe $8 to $12 per a thousand views, depending on your content and what commercial ads get placed," Duffy said.

While YouTube can be a steady revenue source, the revenue these influencers generate from the platform doesn't always cover the cost of creating the content — they're gambling, after all.

Duffy said he has two affiliate deals to supplement his YouTube income, for example. He creates game-review videos for Light & Wonder's SidePlay, which makes instant-win games for lottery and gambling operators. He also does weekly livestreams where he plays casino games on sites like McLuck.com and Wow Vegas, which pay him a flat monthly fee.

The pros and cons of affiliate deals for gambling influencers

Duffy said he likes doing affiliate deals because he can be a positive influence in the industry.

"It shows us that we're appreciated in this arena, that they can rely on us to be a good influence and market their product," Duffy said. "I feel like I'm doing a service to the industry that's respected and my viewers understand it's coming from a good place."

But, while affiliate jobs can be fruitful, the influencers said some contracts could promote activities that are ethically murky.

For example, the companies often include time restrictions in contracts that dictate how long the influencer has to spend gambling, which could encourage harmful gambling behaviors.

"It takes away from the responsible gaming aspect, for sure, because let's say you lose within 30 minutes your full bankroll that you started with, you're having to keep rebuying and rebuying. And as a gambler, we all know you can't predict the outcome," said Koffler. "So putting those time restraints on whoever you are working with is not the best idea."

Koffler said gambling companies should instead trust their influencer partners more to create content that benefits them, the brand, and the audience.

Watch: Why MassMutual is all in on the Boston Red Sox, according to CMO Jennifer Halloran

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Gambling Awareness | FREE | Full Lesson | Download and Go! | PPT | KS3-4 | PSHE

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21 November 2021

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This resource is aligned with components from the PSHE Association Programme of Study.

Topic : At some point in a young person’s life, gambling will be an accessible form of entertainment (especially with the growing popularity of online gambling). It is important that young people are fully equipped with the understanding of the potential risks that are involved with irresponsible gambling behaviour and understand the implications on their finance and personal life.

This lesson provides learners with a base understanding of gambling and risk. The lesson also helps learners differentiate between responsible and irresponsible gambling behaviour and signposts them to appropriate support.

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Slow to expand, internet casino gambling is the future of US betting, industry execs say

FILE - Elaine Vallaster reacts to a winning spin while playing an internet slots game on her tablet in Hazlet, N.J. on Friday, Nov. 24, 2023. Internet gambling is currently offered in seven states but has been slow to catch on more widely in the U.S. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry, File)

FILE - Elaine Vallaster is reflected in the screen of her tablet while playing an internet slots game in Hazlet, N.J. on Friday, Nov. 24, 2023. Internet gambling is currently offered in seven states but has been slow to catch on more widely in the U.S. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry, File)

A gambler plays a slot machine at Harrah’s casino in Atlantic City N.J., on Sept. 29, 2023. Figures released by New Jersey gambling regulators on April 8, 2024, show Atlantic City’s nine casinos collectively reported a gross operating profit of $744.7 million in 2023, a decline of 1.6% from 2022. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry)

Rob Norton, president of Cordish Gaming, speaks at a gambling conference on Wednesday, May 8, 2024, in Secaucus, N.J. (AP Photo/Wayne Parry)

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SECAUCUS, N.J. (AP) — Internet casino gambling is legal in only a handful of states, but the industry is convinced it is the future of betting, even as some worry about cannibalizing physical casinos.

Speaking Wednesday at the SBC Summit North America, a major gambling industry conference, industry executives acknowledged the difficulty they’ve had in expanding the legalization of online casino games.

Yet they remain certain that, like many other industries, the future of gambling is online.

“Once you get to millennials, people are comfortable basically running their entire life off their cell phone,” said Elizabeth Suever, a vice president with Bally’s Corporation. “This is where gaming is going.”

It’s just not getting there all that quickly.

Only seven U.S. states currently offer legal online casino games: Connecticut, Delaware, Michigan, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and West Virginia. Nevada offers internet poker but not online casino games.

In contrast, 38 states plus Washington D.C. offer legal sports betting, the overwhelming majority of which is done online, mostly through cell phones.

When the U.S. Supreme Court cleared the way in 2018 for any U.S. state to offer legal sports betting, such bets “took off like a rocket,” said Shawn Fluharty, a West Virginia legislator and president of the National Council of Legislators from Gaming States.

“Many people thought i-gaming would follow suit,” he said. “That has not taken place.”

“It’s been a rough road,” agreed Brandt Iden, a vice president with Fanatics Betting & Gaming. “I-gaming is paramount; this is the direction the industry needs to go to be successful, and this is where consumers want it to go.”

Last month, Deutsche Bank issued a research note saying it is likely a matter of “when, not if” internet gambling in Atlantic City overtakes revenue from physical casinos.

Panelists agreed the industry needs to do a better job of educating state lawmakers about internet casino games, drawing explicit comparisons with the illegal, unregulated offshore web sites that attract customers from across the country. Legal sites are strictly regulated and offer customer protections, including responsible gambling options like self-imposed time-outs and deposit and activity limits, they said.

Cesar Fernandez, a senior director with FanDuel, said online casino games should prove increasingly attractive as federal post-pandemic aid dries up and states look for new revenue without raising taxes on their residents.

“Since 2018, FanDuel has paid $3.2 billion in taxes,” he said. “That’s a lot of teacher salaries, a lot of police officers and firefighters.”

The industry cites several challenges to wider approval of internet casino gambling, including fears of increasing gambling addiction by “putting a slot machine in people’s pocket,” Iden said, adding casino companies need to do a better job of publicizing player protections the online companies offer.

Then there is the ongoing debate in the industry over whether internet gambling cannibalizes physical casinos. Many in the industry have long said the two types of gambling complement each other.

But recently, some casino executives have said they believe online gambling is hurting the revenues of brick-and-mortar casinos. Rob Norton, president of Cordish Gaming, which owns physical casinos and internet gambling operations, has become one of the loudest voices raising the alarm that online gambling is hurting established physical casinos.

“We’re setting ourselves up for our own failure,” he said Wednesday.

Norton said that once online sports betting began in Maryland, in-person sports betting revenue in the company’s Maryland Live! casino declined by 65% “and has stayed there.”

There has been a decrease of about 7,000 people a day entering the physical casino since mobile sports betting began, Norton said.

He said that may be one reason why online casino games have not spread more widely.

“Last year, eight states considered i-gaming,” he said. “Not one passed.”

Adam Glass, an executive with Rush Street Interactive, an online gambling company, said his firm has relationships with physical casinos as well, and works hard to be “additive” to them.

He said online gambling can also be a job creator, not only designing and operating the games themselves, but also in ancillary industries like marketing and media.

Ouincy Raven, U.S. managing director of NeoGames Group, a technology platform company recently acquired by Aristocrat Leisure Limited, said what may appear as cannibalization to one person may in fact be successful business to another company that takes market share from a rival by giving the customer what he or she wants.

“That’s not cannibalization; it’s just competition,” he said.

Follow Wayne Parry on X, formerly Twitter, at www.twitter.com/WayneParryAC

ONLINE GAMBLING

Nov 20, 2010

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ONLINE GAMBLING An Australian perspective Overview The development of online gambling in Australia 2. The legal framework governing online gambling in Australia 3. Market specifics 4. What it means for racing Increased competition for gambling dollar generally

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ONLINE GAMBLING An Australian perspective

Overview • The development of online gambling in Australia 2. The legal framework governing online gambling in Australia 3. Market specifics 4. What it means for racing • Increased competition for gambling dollar generally • Increased competition for wagering dollar • Facilitation of free riding • Challenge to retail exclusivity of pari-mutuel • Stress to race club ‘bricks & mortar’ business model • What racing has done to improve its market share • Protecting racing’s intellectual property rights

1. The development of online gambling in Australia • Online gambling in Australia commenced in approx 1995 • Two types - • Virtual online gambling • Gambling on separate physical event • First attempts at virtual online gambling were slow casino-type games with simple graphics. By late 1990s full online casinos were being developed e.g. Lasseters Online – year 1 - 12,000 registered players (82% overseas residents), player registrations doubled every month • Gambling on a separate physical event. Centrebet – American Football – 20% of customers sourced from Scandinavia • 0-6% of Australians gambled on the Internet in 1998-99

2. The legal framework governing online gambling in Australia • Interactive Gambling Act (IGA) 2001 - prohibition on anybody offering online gambling to Australians. - prohibition on anybody advertising online gambling services to Australians. • IGA was a response to community concerns about levels of problem gambling - 1990s State Governments hungry for revenue. - Australia has the eighth highest per capita number of slot machines in world: one machine per 110 people (UK has one machine per 300 people) - online gambling seen as taking this one step further – “CLICK THE MOUSE AND LOSE THE HOUSE”. - 1999 Productivity Commission report. - online wagering exempted from ban – online gaming = shift from bricks and mortar to living room. Online wagering equivalent to telephone account wagering.

The IGA ban has had limited effectiveness. To be more effective it requires: - Technological blocks impeding access to offshore gaming websites. - Financial transactions controls. - Resources allocated to prosecuting offenders. • The 2010 Productivity Commission report recommended that online poker be exempted from the ban as a trial of a regulation versus prohibition. The Australian Government rejected this recommendation. • The current political environment in which anti-gambling has suddenly emerged as a highly important issue means that no liberalisation of the IGA will occur in the foreseeable future.

3. Market Specifics

4. What it means for racing (i): Increased Competition for Gambling Dollar Generally

(ii) Increased Competition for Wagering Dollar

(iii) Facilitation of Free Riding • Symbiotic relationship between racing & wagering • TAB privatisation did not effect this relationship. In 2009 TAB paid some $500m to the Australian thoroughbred racing industry. • Internet has enabled new market entrants. These have achieved phenomenal growth: corporate bookmakers alone have gone from turnover on racing of $75m in 1999 to turnover of $3.5b in 2008/09. • In 2009, they now represent 21% of the market for wagering on thoroughbred racing. • Dilemma. racing produces 20,000 races a year which the wagering industry: tabs, on oncourse bookmakers, corporate and the betting exchange, all use to take bets. • But now we had some 1/5th of the wagering market paying nothing meaningful back to racing. • This is obviously unsustainable.

Challenge to retail exclusivity of pari-mutuel • TABs currently have retail exclusivity • 2009 Rising Sun Hotel (Melbourne) makes available internet betting terminals to customers • June 2010 Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation issues 12 charges – possession of an unauthorised instrument of betting, running a betting house.

Stress to Race Club Business Model • The business model of race clubs based on attendances has come under considerable strain. One metropolitan club estimated a $23.00 cost to attract and cater for each customer attending a race meeting. The average spend per customer was $22.00. • In 2009 NSW race clubs collectively lost $13.9 million.

5. What has racing done to improve its market share • Development of the Free TAB Sportsbet I-Phone Application • Development of Sky Active, which allows users to bet and access information over the TV http://www.skychannel.com.au/active/ • Creation of Star Stable (fantasy horse racing game) • Agreements with phone companies to screen races on mobile phones.

6. Protecting racing’s intellectual property right • Classic case of free riding • ARB makes case for legislative reform to Australian Conference of Racing Ministers • Race fields legislation: irrespective of where they are based every wagering operator is compelled to – • Pay an appropriate commercial fee to racing • Provide the Stewards with access to betting records • Constitutional challenges • Productivity Commission

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The U.S. is the biggest, and will get even bigger. Reports and numbers vary, but the U.S. is generally regarded as the biggest online gambling market in the world. The Economist puts the percent of the global online gambling market. Visit http://goldendollarcasino.com/.

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Midas303 offers the most comprehensive and complete details on a variety of casino games. Knowing some details about the casinos you engage in playing at is always advised.

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online gambling sites

Multiplayer mobile games often launch promotions specially designed for some of the live games. Hence, if you are a mobile slot fan you should try to find a mobile games that offers bonuses to players. These promotions can boost your bankroll and give you more chances to play and win.

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Online Poker Gambling

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Online Gambling Malaysia

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Singapore Online Gambling

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online gambling

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Sports betting is a very easy way to earn money. If you are looking for ways to make some extra cash, try this bets10 and gain money in a secure way.

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My Nintendo News

• News Via Email
• Contact & News Tips

Devolver Direct presentation happening June 7th

• May 23, 2024

Summer Games Fest isn’t the only video gaming presentation that takes place in June. Various video gaming companies also like to showcase their games in their own presentations. Microsoft, Sony, Nintendo and Ubisoft are just a handful of the companies that do presentations this time of the year.

Another example is Devolver Digital . They’ve been doing wacky presentations of their own for years now. In recent years, they have begun calling them Devolver Directs. Earlier today, the company has confirmed that the annual tradition will continue once again. A Devolver Direct will be happening on June 7th. Their announcement tweet is down below.

You're invited to Volvy's 15th Birthday Party. Devolver Direct June 7 @ 5PM Pacific https://t.co/ZDZrMppDxT pic.twitter.com/rAYlJN9QAf — Devolver Digital (@devolverdigital) May 23, 2024

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