another word for a presentation

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• presentation

noun as in performance; something given, displayed

Strongest matches

appearance , delivery , demonstration , display , introduction , offering , production , proposal , reception , show , submission

Strong matches

act , arrangement , award , bestowal , conferral , debut , donation , exhibition , exposition , giving , investiture , knockdown , launch , launching , overture , pitch , present , proposition , remembrance , rendition , representation , spiel , staging

Weak matches

coming out , delivering , dog and pony show , sales pitch

Discover More

Example sentences.

Look no further than those execs who have sat through online presentations outlining a more inclusive workplace only to have to go back to working in teams where they’re made to feel different.

The day of the presentation comes, and the ecommerce team gathers around, continuously nodding along with each slide.

In the questions-and-answer presentation on Wednesday, Palantir did not address the issue of voting power.

For repurposing, you can use four different formats, which are – video series, infographics, podcasts, and presentations.

This presentation will explain the ins and outs of the process as well as the need for older children who are looking for a home as well.

We were scoring it like the Olympics: presentation, technique.

Bogucki includes the leaflet in a Powerpoint presentation he has developed.

Her biggest surprise, she said, was realizing how much presentation and technical points mattered.

That may be partially because The Big Lebowski is their most nihilistic presentation.

One of the hottest tickets at the 2014 edition of Comic-Con, the annual nerd mecca in San Diego, was the Marvel presentation.

You were obliging enough to ask me to accept a presentation copy of your verses.

Nor was ever a better presentation made of the essential program of socialism.

After the presentation of the Great Southern case our Bill was heard and all the opposition.

The presentation of the Railway case and the rebutting evidence did not begin till all the public witnesses had been heard.

Furthermore, a note is payable on demand when it is thus stated, or is payable at sight or on presentation.

Related Words

Words related to presentation are not direct synonyms, but are associated with the word presentation . Browse related words to learn more about word associations.

noun as in outward aspect, characteristic

• countenance

noun as in coming into sight

• actualization
• introduction
• manifestation
• materialization
• representation

noun as in prize or reward

• adjudication
• distinction
• feather in cap
• scholarship

noun as in start of an event or action

• commencement
• inauguration
• installation
• origination
• point of departure
• starting point

Viewing 5 / 63 related words

On this page you'll find 100 synonyms, antonyms, and words related to presentation, such as: appearance, delivery, demonstration, display, introduction, and offering.

From Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright © 2013 by the Philip Lief Group.

• Cambridge Dictionary +Plus

Synonyms and antonyms of presentation in English

Presentation, synonyms and examples, see words related to presentation, presentation | american thesaurus.

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• presentation

Synonyms for presentation

• investiture
• demonstration
• arrangement
• introduction
• performance
• representation

the act of conferring, as of an honor

Something bestowed freely, the instance or occasion of being presented for the first time to society, the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward), related words, a show or display.

• presentment
• lecture demonstration
• counterdemonstration

the act of making something publicly available

The act of presenting a proposal.

• proposition
• first reading
• second reading

a visual representation of something

• Snellen chart

formally making a person known to another or to the public

• making known
• reintroduction

(obstetrics) position of the fetus in the uterus relative to the birth canal

• prescription
• prescription drug
• prescription medicine
• prescriptive
• prescriptive grammar
• prescriptive linguistics
• prescriptivism
• presence chamber
• presence of mind
• presenile dementia
• present moment
• present participle
• present perfect
• present perfect tense
• present progressive
• present progressive tense
• present tense
• present times
• presentable
• presentational
• present-day
• presentiment
• presentness
• preservable
• preservation
• preservationist
• preservative
• President Abraham Lincoln
• President Adams
• President Andrew Johnson
• President Arthur
• Present Worth
• Present Worth of Capital Expenditures
• present you as
• present you with
• present yourself
• Present, The
• Present-Day English
• Present-Minded Individualism
• present-worth factor
• presentability
• presentablely
• presentableness
• presentably
• Presentance Report
• Presentaneous
• Presentasi Pemikiran Kritis Mahasiswa
• Presentation Accept
• Presentation and Personalization Management
• Presentation Brothers College, Cork
• Presentation client
• Presentation Connect
• Presentation Connection Endpoint
• Presentation Connection Endpoint Identifier
• Presentation Context Definition List
• Presentation Context Identifier
• Presentation Controller Mediator Entity Foundation
• Presentation Convent Kodaikanal
• Presentation copy
• Presentation Data Value
• Presentation Department
• Presentation Departments
• Présentation des Normes Européennes
• presentation drawing
• Presentation du Systeme de Planification et de Gestion de Frequence
• Presentation Element Parser, YACC
• Presentation Environment for Multimedia Objects
• Presentation File
• Presentation Function
• Présentation Générale Lex Persona
• presentation graphics
• presentation graphics program
• Facebook Share

• ABBREVIATIONS
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  Vocabulary      

What is another word for presentation ?

Synonyms for presentation ˌprɛz ənˈteɪ ʃən, ˌpri zɛn- pre·sen·ta·tion, this thesaurus page includes all potential synonyms, words with the same meaning and similar terms for the word presentation ., complete dictionary of synonyms and antonyms rate these synonyms: 0.0 / 0 votes, presentation.

Synonyms: introduction , exhibition , offer , delivery , gift , donation , bestowal , grant , endowment

Antonyms: withdrawal , removal , concealment , suppression , retention , withholding , refusal , nonpresentation

Princeton's WordNet Rate these synonyms: 0.0 / 0 votes

• presentation noun

the activity of formally presenting something (as a prize or reward)

"she gave the trophy but he made the presentation"

Synonyms: introduction , intro , presentment , display , demonstration

presentation, presentment, demonstration noun

a show or display; the act of presenting something to sight or view

"the presentation of new data"; "he gave the customer a demonstration"

Synonyms: presentment , intro , notification , manifestation , display , demonstration , demo , monstrance , introduction

the act of making something publicly available; presenting news or other information by broadcasting or printing it

"he prepared his presentation carefully in advance"

the act of presenting a proposal

display, presentation noun

a visual representation of something

Synonyms: exhibit , showing , intro , presentment , video display , display , demonstration , introduction , show

presentation, introduction, intro noun

formally making a person known to another or to the public

Synonyms: foundation , first appearance , intro , display , debut , presentment , launching , creation , intromission , institution , entry , founding , innovation , initiation , instauration , demonstration , origination , introduction , insertion , unveiling

(obstetrics) position of the fetus in the uterus relative to the birth canal

"Cesarean sections are sometimes the result of abnormal presentations"

Matched Categories

Dictionary of english synonymes rate these synonyms: 0.0 / 0 votes.

Synonyms: introduction

Synonyms: exhibition , representation , setting forth

Synonyms: bestowal , donation , giving

PPDB, the paraphrase database Rate these paraphrases: 0.0 / 0 votes

List of paraphrases for "presentation":

submission , introduction , briefing , format , presentación , submitting , presentations , presenting , présentation , explanatory , exposed , statement , tabling , filing , display , exposure , submissions , presented , layout , exposé , presentment , remission , enhancement , lecture , submitted , lodging , submit , exhibition , nomination , show , presenter , lay-out

How to pronounce presentation?

How to say presentation in sign language, words popularity by usage frequency, how to use presentation in a sentence.

Robert Fromm :

This patient's symptoms and presentation aren't strongly suggestive of the Ebola disease, given his presentation, I would not be surprised if he actually was discharged back home following his additional evaluation.

Darren Hughes :

In years past you would sit in a presentation and say: great, this company is not going bankrupt, but fairly boring at 5 percent, definitely part of this year's function is that so much of our market is trading at distressed or recessionary levels.

Amber Heard :

I feel like I’m constantly fighting against my exterior, or this exterior presentation of myself, because of how I look or perhaps because of who I’m with.

Taryn Bragg :

And the similarities in terms of the presentation of cases was striking.

Masaaki Sano :

One thing about the pufferfish is that it's not really just about the fish itself, it's about the skill of the chef who cuts it, the presentation… it's a delicate cuisine – that's the point.

Use the citation below to add these synonyms to your bibliography:

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"presentation." Synonyms.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 12 May 2024. < https://www.synonyms.com/synonym/presentation >.

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Synonyms of 'presentation' in American English

Synonyms of 'presentation' in british english, additional synonyms.

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• present yourself
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101 Must-Know Transition Phrases for Engaging Presentations Online

By Paola Pascual on Jan 17, 2024 1:43:00 PM

Giving presentations is often feared by many professionals, but if the presentation is online  and you're not a native speaker, things get even trickier. One tip to make things easier? Learn useful phrases to help you navigate your presentation. In this article, you will find lots of helpful resources to give remarkable presentations . Listen to the episode above, download the checklist below, and learn some of the phrases we present. If we missed any, tell us in the comments below.

General vocabulary for presentations

Sometimes, the smallest changes in your presentations can make the biggest differences. One of them is to learn a few phrases that give you confidence during your speech. Here are some important verbs to get you started:

• To highlight
• To emphasize
• To walk you through (*very common in business presentations!)
• To send around
• To carry on (similar to  continue)
• To get carried away
• To sum up (similar to  summarize )
• To focus on

Vocabulary to start your presentation

Learn how to powerfully start your presentation with these 4 simple steps. Here's some vocabulary you can use:

Welcome your audience

• Good morning/afternoon/evening everyone. Thank you for joining us today, and welcome to today's webinar.
• Hello everyone, I’m very happy to be speaking with you today.

Introduce yourself

• My name is Susan, and I’m part of the design team here at Globex Corporation.
• First of all, a little bit about my background - I am the Team Lead  at [Company], and I've been in charge of [your main responsibility] for [X] years.
• I'd like to tell you a bit about myself - my name is  Eve  I'm the Operations Manager here at [Company].

Introduce the topic and goal of the presentation

• Today, I'd like to talk about…
• This presentation will take about [X] minutes, and we will discuss...
• We've allocated [X] minutes to this presentation. and I'll talk about...
• I'd like to give you a brief breakdown of...
• I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about...
• The main goal of this presentation is…
• The purpose of this presentation is...
• My objective today is...

Read these 5 tricks the best public speakers use to  captivate their audience .

Addressing questions from the audience

• If you have any questions about anything, feel free to interrupt.
• If anything isn't clear, please click on the 'raise hand' button and I'll do my best to answer your question.
• I'd be happy to answer your questions at the end of the presentation.
• If you have any questions, please kindly wait until the end to ask them. We will have [X] minutes for a Q&A session at the end.
• Since today's audience is considerably large, we will not have time for questions, but please email me at [email protected]

Learning new English words is not easy, but you can achieve effective communication through practice and repetition. If you are a Talaera student, visit the Library to practice your vocabulary for presentations. If are not part of the Talaera community yet, learn how we can help you here .

Clear out technical issues

• Can everyone hear me well? Let me know if you encounter any technical difficulties throughout the presentation.
• If you are not speaking, please put yourselves on mute.
• If you feel that the sound quality is poor throughout the presentation, please let me know.

Transition to the main topic of the presentation

• Hi everyone, I think we might still be missing a few people but I’m going to kick things off now so we have time to get through everything.
• All right, let’s dive right in!
• All right, let’s jump right in!
• Let’s get started.
• Let’s kick things off.
• I’m going to talk about
• The purpose/subject of this presentation is
• I’ve divided the presentation into 3 parts: In the first part, ... / Then in the second part, ... / Finally, I’ll go on to talk about...
• Let me begin by looking at...
• Let me start with some general information on...

Vocabulary for the main body of your presentation

Introduce a topic or section.

• Now let’s move to the first part of the presentation,
• We can see 4 advantages and two disadvantages. First,
• On the one hand… On the other hand…
• There are two steps involved. The first step is… The second step is…
• There are four stages to the project.

Transition to a new section

• All right, let’s turn to...
• Now we come to the next point, which is
• Okay so that’s [topic 1], but what about [topic 2]?
• There’s a lot more to talk about, but since we’re pushed for time , let’s move on to [topic 2].
• This leads me to my next point, which is...

Give examples and details

• For example...
• A good example of this is...
• To illustrate this point...
• This reminds me of...
• To give you an example...
• Let me elaborate further on...

Describe visual aids

• As you can see [from this infographic]
• This chart shows
• If you look at this graph, you will see
• From this chart, we can understand how
• Let me show you this [image, graph, diagram]
• On the right/left
• In the middle of
• At the top/bottom of the picture

Emphasize an idea

• This is important because
• I’d like to emphasize that
• We have to remember that

Repeat the same message with different words

• In other words
• To put it more simply
• So, what I’m saying is that
• Let me say that again.

It's easy to get stuck in the middle of a presentation, especially if English is not your mother tongue. Here are +20 Top Tips You Need To Know if you're learning business English .

Finish your presentation and summarize

The end of a presentation, together with the opening, is one of the most important parts of your speech. Read these 5 effective strategies to close your presentation and use the vocabulary below.

• That’s all I want to say for now about [topic].
• To sum up, ...
• This sums up [topic].
• So in a nutshell, ...
• So to recap, ...
• In brief, ...
• To conclude, ...
• I’d like to conclude by emphasizing the main points...
• That's it on [topic] for today. In short, we've covered...
• So, now I’d be very interested to hear your comments.
• And this brings us to the end of this presentation. I hope [topic] is a little clear after today.
• So to draw all that together, ...

Start and navigate the Q&A session

• Thank you for your attention. I hope you found this presentation useful, and I'd be happy to answer any questions.
• Thank you for listening. We now have [X] minutes left. Do you have any questions?
• Thank you for your question, [Name].
• I'm glad you asked.
• That's an interesting question.
• That's a great question, I must say. I'm not 100% sure, but off the top of my head, I can tell you that...
• Are you asking about [topic 1] or [topic 2]?
• Can you please clarify what exactly you mean by [question]? I'm not sure I fully understand.
• I'm afraid I don't have the exact figures at hand, but if you give me your email address at the end, I can follow up with you later.
• Does that answer your question?
• I hope that makes sense. Is that the kind of answer you were looking for?

Take your presentation skills to the next level. 

Keep reading about presentation skills:

• 21 Helpful Tips For Remarkable and Outstanding Presentation Skills
• How To Start a Presentation: Follow These 4 Easy Steps
• How To Bring Across Your Main Idea In A Presentation Effectively
• 5 Effective Strategies To End A Presentation
• 6 Public Speaking Tricks To Captivate Your Audience
• How To Do Effective Business Storytelling According To Former Prosecutor
• 8 Little Changes That'll Make A Big Difference With Your Presentations
• 3 Quick Public Speaking Tips For Your Next Presentation
• Your Body Language May Shape Who You Are [TED Talk Lesson]

Talaera Talks - Transcript Episode 5

• Topic : Deliver impactful presentations
• Listen : Spotify , Apple Podcasts , Google Podcasts
• Duration : 22 min.

Intro Welcome to Talaera Talks , the business English communication podcast for non-native professionals. My name is Paola and I am co-hosting this show with Simon. In this podcast, we're going to be covering communication advice and tips to help express yourself with confidence in English in professional settings. So we hope you enjoy the show!

Okay, welcome back for our third episode of Talaera Talks. This is Simon, and I'm joined with Paola. Paola, how are you doing? 0:37 Hi, Simon. I'm great. Happy to do another episode. 0:41 Yeah, absolutely. And Happy Friday. 0:44 Happy Friday! 0:49 So today, our topic: Presenting in English. I'd like to start this episode with a quote I found on Harvard Business Review that I thought was really interesting. It says, "Even native English speakers often anticipate disaster when making presentations. By but for non-native speakers, the anticipatory and situational anxiety associated with their unique challenges (these challenges - being understandable, choosing the right words, speaking spontaneously), can be overwhelming. Moreover, if these concerns interfere with your willingness or ability to make business presentations, the impact can be career-limiting." So yeah, that's a pretty kind of heavy quote to start. But it is something that we see from a lot of our clients, right? 1:52 Yeah, it's super interesting. It was super interesting to read. It's something we know, but it's important to remind it that it is presentations, the topic we have today is something that is not pleasurable for anyone, not for non-native speakers, but also for native speakers. So that's something to point out. And today, we talked about that... We said that we wanted to start with those challenges or fears that we see from our clients, our learners. 2:25 Yeah, and it's usually around the same things, you know, we, at least for me, I come into contact with so many of these, so many of our students who are so competent in their, in their daily lives, what they're doing in their professional lives. And they come to me with these with these fears, like this just general lack of confidence, or imposter syndrome, right? This I don't know if I really deserve to be speaking and, you know, kind of explaining this concept to all these people. 3:05 Mm-hmm. Yes. And also the fear of not being understood, well, they know what I'm saying, well, they understand my accent. There's a lot of worries and concern around accent and our pronunciation expert, Lisa hosted a webinar, actually last week, where she explained that accent matters. But as long as people understand you, it's fine. You don't need to be perfect. Everyone has an accent. So that's also totally fine. 3:37 And this being Yeah, this being one of I think, at least for me, in my experience, one of the most frequently asked for aspects from students. So you know, and just to like, again, just say that this is a challenge for everyone, not just, you know, non-native English speakers. You know, I think all of us have a tough experience or somebody that we think of when we think about public speaking, it's, it's like this, yeah, really anxiety-riddled thing. I mean, I don't have any, you know, funny personal stories, but uh, do you, Paola? 4:20 You want me to tell my embarrassing story, don't you? 4:22 Please, you must. 4:25 So I used to teach at a university in Vietnam when I lived there, and the classes where it rains, you know, from perhaps 50 students to up to what 300 there's was a class with, you know, 2-300 students and there was a little stage it wasn't too high, but there was a little stage and I fell off. 4:46 You fell off the stage. This was during or after the presentation, or...? 4:56 It was around the beginning of the presentation. So... 5:01 During! Oh, I thought it was it was like after like you were walking off? 5:06 No, I move a lot. I use my body language quite a lot. And that was one of the moments where I overdid it, probably, and fell off. 5:17 Wow. Well, I'm glad that you're still here with us. 5:21 Yeah, you know, but that's the story that I sometimes not always tell it. But I sometimes tell it when my students say, Oh, I'm nervous, and I assume that it can happen, you know, I thought it was going to be a disaster. And then I actually ended up making friends with the students that turned out okay. 5:39 Right. Well, yeah, I mean, today, we're not necessarily going to go into the physical dimensions of how to avoid falling off the stage. But we do have some, some good tips, right? 5:54 Yes. And to provide some advice on how to deliver presentations, and lose that fear, we've divided it into three main blocks. And those are what to do before the presentation, tips for during the presentation. And then even after there's things you can do to, to get better. 6:18 Right, let's start with the first, right, what can we do before the presentation in terms of getting ready, preparing? 6:30 So preparing, it's a very general term, but one of the tips that we like to give is, think of the WHAT, WHY and NEXT. So WHAT is your presentation about? WHY should they listen to you and not look it up online (or listen to a podcast, like ours)? And in what NEXT means - what is supposed to happen next? Do they need to do anything, go on a website, send you feedback? Are you going to send them the materials? So what why our next is so straightforward and simple. But when I asked this question to our clients that are so thrown off, and they don't know what to answer sometimes, 7:10 Yeah, I think that's one of those things. And I struggle with this all the time is, when I get an idea or something like that. It's so easy to just jump over those most basic things of, you know, what, why and index, those are so, so basic, but it's such it's, they're so foundational, right? And in terms of creating something that people will understand and be able to, to really attach to. 7:41 Yep. And do you have any tips around how much you should learn? Should you write the whole thing? Or should you memorize? 7:52 Yeah, that, you know, this is a good question as well, that a lot of our learners ask in terms of, yeah, you know, I'm just going to go and write it all out. And then I'll have an idea. And I'll feel better because I can write it and change it so that it sounds more professional. It sounds like I know what I'm talking about. And I always tell people, please don't try to prepare a presentation where you're reading a script, it is just the most unnatural thing ever. And, and it, you won't end up sounding more professional, if anything, your audience is going to detach, because they're going to sense that something's not really right here, it doesn't seem genuine, right doesn't seem real, it just seems like this person is doing what he's doing, which is reading off of a script. And even still a lot of times with a lot of our learners where they know that, okay, I know this material. But I'm going to put all of my effort into making this perfect slide this perfect presentation. So I would say, focus on actually knowing the material itself really well. More than focusing on how the presentation looks, you know, these kinds of things. Because once you're in that situation where you're on the stage, and people are looking at you, at least you'll be able to Windows like kind of red Sirens of you know, panic and anxiety show up. You'll have learned the material itself so well that you can roll with that. 9:29 Yes. And you also have room for improvisation because your brain is so used to the content and you know, so well what you want to say that that's when your brain starts to come up with anecdotes and that's the fun thing that gets you hooked. And that's the main Why should people listen to you instead of reading an article online? 9:49 Exactly. Because for most of our students, you know what you're talking about. That's why you're up there. That's why you have the opportunities to speak there is because someone thinks you're qualified enough to speak to all these people. So trust in that and go with that. So yeah, so we have right not, not over learning. Don't script it right? What else can we do? 10:14 Practice, practice, practice, practice, practice in your mind, but more importantly verbalize it, say it out loud. And recording yourself is uncomfortable for everyone. But it works. I have never tried it. I always told my students should record yourself, you should record yourself and they were like, Huh. And just a few of them did it. And when we started with the webinars, I haven't done something like it before. And I said, Okay, I'll use my own tip. And it was one I'm comfortable. And two, super helpful. So if you get to go over the sound of your own voice, I would say do it. 10:54 Yeah. You know, this is one thing that I have to be totally honest here. Doing these podcasts is the first time I've actually recorded myself for a long time. And I've learned a lot about, you know, not saying the word Absolutely. 500 times, yeah, within the span of 20 minutes. So those are good learning lessons. Definitely. Okay, and then so we have that. And then the last little tip is, I would say get an English mindset before 30 minutes to an hour before the presentation. And that could be listening to a podcast, you know, like Talaera Talks, or, you know, watching a show on Netflix that's, that's in English, whatever you can do to get your kind of English mind, you know, in the zone before you go up and actually speak English. So So those are all of our kind of pre presentation tips, what you can do before, so what about during, 11:58 so for during, there's a lot of things that you can you can do to improve your presentations. But the first tip is to learn how to start to have a mind map of what am I going to do at the beginning. So you start confident already. So welcome, everyone, introduce the people introduce the topic and go to the main point, those four parts will help you have a nice start. Welcome, everyone. For example. Hi, everyone. Welcome to today's presentation. Today, we'll be talking about business events, introduce the people, you can introduce yourself , like, Hi, my name is Paula and I'm a business English instructor at Telstra, and perhaps even the audience. Today we have with us students from all different nationalities and levels, or, you know, whatever the audiences, that's also helpful for everyone to understand, introduce the topic, or give you some best practices for business emails , and a few templates, and then go to the main point. So a simple sentence like Alright, let's get down to business. So having those welcome introducing people introducing the topic and going to the main point will help you have a nice start. 13:16 Yeah, and I like that concept of that the mind map is so good. Because it's it's not the scripting, like we were talking about before, it's having a kind of a little mental checklist. So that when those first few minutes, were you're up there on the on stage, and you're like, oh god, oh, god, here we go. Here we go. You have that little checklist that I created. Okay, so I welcomed introduced the people the topic, and now to the main point, and that can get you in the zone and going I really liked that. Yeah, so so having that, that starting template. And then another thing would be, I would say slowing down, slowing it down. And this is really I think it touches on a lot of aspects. The first would be just the general anxiety, we tend to speak a lot faster when we're really anxious, you know, but by slowing down, it really helps with non native English speakers because it helps with the accent. And it helps with giving you some time to really think through your next thoughts. Now, I'm not saying that you should, while you're speaking, try to think steps three, four or five ahead of you. But giving yourself a little bit of time to Okay, I'm going through this pattern now. Now I can go to the next one, right. And doing that, you know, another with the slowing down a tip if you're really nervous to go in is prefacing your speech. So before you really get into everything, maybe after the welcome part is just to say, Hey, you know, I'm going to try to speak as clearly as possible, as English as myself. first language and really smile and maybe make a little joke about that. And I think that's a good way to open it out for the audience to show some vulnerability and and help. I mean, what do you think about that? 15:13 Yeah, I mean, we see that with, sometimes with celebrities, when they're not native speakers, and they admitted, and they, they kind of put yourself put themselves, as you said, in that vulnerable position, and that makes them even cuter. 15:28 Mm hmm. 15:29 So it's making yourself human, I think it's always a good tip. And you were saying that slowing down helps with your accent and also for yourself to gain time to really know what you're going to say. But also for the for the audience. We don't mind people making some little pulses, so that they also have time to collect their thoughts. 15:50 Right, right. Yeah. Yeah, definitely. Those are, those are two really good aspects, starting, you know, the template and then slowing down, right. Yeah, kind of diffusing the anxiety by saying, Hey, you know, this isn't my first language. And that really gets the audience on your side, right. And then another would be not reading off of your slides. I mean, this is kind of the basic, you know, what you learn in school, but it's also something that a lot of people get, yeah, get, get hooked on, just because it's like a safety net. And I would say that's where the overlearning the material that we talked about beforehand comes into play. Anything else in this? 16:42 Oh, recap for sure. After every section, do a little recap, and at the end to recap where you summarize the main points of the whole presentation? 16:54 Yeah, yeah. Good. Good. So So summarize. Yeah, yeah. And that's a that's a good, you know, I would say three aspects, four aspects that during the presentation, if you keep these in, in your mind, it's, it's, I would say, it's going to help a lot. And so now we're going to move to what can we do after the presentation? We've done it, we've walked off the stage. Whoo, I'm so glad that's over. Now, is all of our work done? No. 17:27 No, not really. That's now it's your chance to actually learn from, from everything you did. So one of the tips we suggest is try to ask for feedback. But that's not so easy, right, Simon? 17:42 Yeah, it's, I think, a big question. And that is, who do you get the feedback from? Right?

17:50 So we, we would always suggest to try and find someone you can trust someone who is honest, and who can give you objective feedback. So in some cases, that can be your manager, but sometimes it's a colleague that understands the topic, and can really provide some feedback on how you did. 18:13 Yeah. And that's, I think, in terms of learning, this is one of the most crucial thing is reflecting back on what you did, and seeing what worked, what didn't work, and how can I take that and move forward? Because especially with presenting, it's a skill, and it takes practice, practice, practice. And, and I think, for a lot of people, you should jump at the chance to do this. So that you can continue to learn and continue to grow. But be sure to reflect by Yeah, by asking for feedback and seeing what worked, 18:47 for sure. And ideally, that would be someone, perhaps from work that can see how you did and like the actual show, if not Talaera teachers also do that. So you can present your own presentation, pretending it's the actual one. And that's how we can provide feedback on the structure, the vocabulary, the language in general. 19:08 Yeah, absolutely. I do that. Oh, there you go. Absolutely. Definitely. See, I'm reflecting back and learning as we go. I'm working. I'm learning that. Yeah. But I've done that recently with a couple of students where we've gone through their deck and looked at what are their plans in terms of presenting and we've kind of gone through in detail that together. So So yeah, so that was kind of I would say the biggest thing in terms of afterward. 19:40 So we have the pre-presentation, just as a quick recap for the pre-presentation and before your presentation, always remember the what why next, what is your presentation about? Why should people listen to you and what should happen next overnight Learn the content. be super confident about what you want to talk about. But don't script it. Don't write everything down. Otherwise, it would sound like you're just reading. 20:11 Write and practice through verbalization. record yourself, even though it may be awkward, but it's a great learning technique. And then get in that English mindset beforehand by Yeah, listening to a podcast or what have you. And then during the presentation, right, starting with the template, Paolo was discussing the welcome introducing the people the topic, and then going to the main point, 20:37 slowing down a little bit. It's not necessary to go super fast. It's not only not necessary, but people will understand you better if you take your time and make some pauses. Of course, don't read off their slides. Tell them the story. 20:54 Right, right. And remember 20:56 to recap, just like we're doing now. Send them or tell them a quick summary and the main points, 21:03 right, and don't fall off the stage as well. That's ideally we forgot. Ideally, it's final for then, as the final point, right, asking for feedback, finding that person that can get you that feedback that's so important to you. Finding what worked and moving forward. 21:21 That's right. All right. Do we have it for today? 21:25 I think that is it for today. Yeah. I had a lot of Thanks. Yeah, I had a blast. And thanks for meeting up. And we have a lot of good stuff coming up with Talaera. Right. 21:38 We have webinars, our blog is busier than ever. So go on the http://blog.talaera.com/ , check out the resources. And what else? 21:51 Find us on LinkedIn. And yeah, please ask any questions, we'd be glad to get back to you. So that is it for today. And thank you to all of our listeners. So far, we're excited to keep growing this. And as always, keep learning! 22:11 And that's all we have for you today. We hope you enjoyed it, and remember to  subscribe to Talaera Talks . We'll be back soon with more! And visit our website at  https://talaera.com  for more valuable content on business English. You can also  request a free consultation  on the best ways for you and your team to improve your communication skills. So have a great day and keep learning!

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Home Blog Presentation Ideas Powerful Words to Use in Presentations: Ultra Long List 

Powerful Words to Use in Presentations: Ultra Long List 

The power of words is immense and palpable when it comes to sharing ideas with others. The way you frame your sentences and cherry-pick specific words will affect how the audience preserves you. Not just that. Well-selected power words can shape narratives around businesses, distort (positively and negatively) their perception, and impact the listener’s decision to purchase. That’s why top copywriters and public speakers alike spend a great deal of time brainstorming different word combos and obsessing over their selection of action verbs, adjectives, and linking phrases.

Granted, you no longer need to do that. Just grab a PowerPoint template of your choice and start populating it with our big list of power words! 

What are Power Words?

Power words are persuasive words and phrases that evoke a positive or negative emotional response. Our selection of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs can convey different emotions from slight excitement to rightful outrate. That’s why public speakers , authors, and copywriters always carefully choose their words to convey the right idea and sentiment. 

Power words and phrases can make the same idea sound very different. Let’s take Apple’s famous slogan as an example: Think different. 

You can also convey the same idea using other descriptive words: Don’t think like everybody else, think outside the box, be creative 

However, each variation has a somewhat different ring to it. Ultimately, your word choice also impacts how others perceive you based on your speech.

Researchers found that word selection can have a massive impact on people, businesses, and society as a whole. Individual word choices can indicate the speaker’s mental state and impact the outcomes of a negotiation. Business power words shape customer experience with the brand and affect conversions. Action words, chose by the media, influence public perception of a social issue. 

Interestingly a group of researchers from Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada and Wharton in the US also found that word choices impact the song’s popularity. By applying text mining analytics to Billboard charts, the group found that songs with somewhat more unique texts performed better than those with pretty standard lyrics. A 16% differentiation in lyrical topics within a song was enough to propel it higher than songs in similar genres. 

The takeaway:

Our word choices have a profound impact on how others perceive us, as well as the actions they take afterward. Thus, if you want to be a Rockstar presenter , you need to choose your words carefully and prioritize powerful words! 

List of Powerful Words to Use in Presentations 

The English language has about 170,000 words in use . But an average person has an active vocabulary of 20,000 – 30,000 words. Among them is a smaller range of powerful adjectives and action verbs to make your presentations and speeches more impactful. 

Action Verbs to Use in Your PowerPoint Presentation

As the name implies, action verbs denote some dynamics — state, movement, result, etc. We use action verbs in our everyday speech a lot to describe what and how we do things. As author Elwyn Brooks White suggests : 

“Write with nouns and verbs, not with adjectives and adverbs. The adjective hasn’t been built that can pull a weak or inaccurate noun out of a tight place.”

Strong verbs don’t need adverbs to reinforce them. Compare these two statements: 

• I walked quickly towards the door. 
• I rushed out of the door. 

The first sentence merely states the fact. But the second one better conveys the emotion, the urgency of getting out of the room. It adds color to the narrative and sets the right mood.

In business presentations, action verbs help imply action to the user. They are good to use for both throughout the copy and the closing slide when you describe: 

• Main action points 
• Accomplishments
• Next steps 
• Results 

As you proofread your slide deck, look for weaker verbs and then replace them with stronger synonyms. Some common offenders include: 

• State-of-being verbs such as am, does, do, could, might, etc. While they have their merit, oftentimes, you can find a more descriptive alternative, conveying an extra emotion. 
• Verbs ending in -ing : wishing, planning, forgetting. Be bolder. Use present or past tenses instead. 
• Verbs in conjunction with an adjective: walked quickly, talked loudly, etc. Again, these can be replaced with snappier one-word alternatives. 

List of powerful verbs to make your language more persuasive: 

• Accelerate 
• Alter 
• Maintain 
• Regard 
• Convince 
• Boost 
• Ignite 
• Surge 
• Disrupt 
• Rejuvenate 
• Smash 
• Supercharge 
• Report 
• Change 
• Explore 
• Re-define 
• Strategize 
• Maximize 
• Capture 
• Achieve 

Powerful Adjectives to Use In Your Presentation 

The goal of adjectives is to reinforce your nouns and verbs. Use them to convey specific emotions and set the scene for the audience. 

But be sparring. You are not writing a novel. Too many adjectives can make your slide deck look cluttered, as you’d have to skim on white space to fit longer sentences. Also, excessive use of adjectives can muddle the main idea behind your key statements.

Below is our quick collection of power adjectives you can use to punch up your presentation: 

Power Words for Motivation

• Awe-inspiring
• Exquisite 
• Blissful 
• Brilliant 
• Dynamic 
• Burgeoning 
• Breathtaking
• Accomplished
• Successful 
• Enterprising 
• Venturesome
• Life-changing
• Encouraging 
• Baffling 
• Sensational 
• Incredible 

Power Words for Sales (Adjectives) 

• Cost-effective 
• Exorbitant 
• Knock-out 
• Science-proofed 
• Limited-time 
• Fully-booked
• Refundable 
• Negotiable 
• Below market average 
• Too-good-to-miss
• Budget-friendly
• Optimal 
• Exclusive 
• Time-sensitive
• Efficacious
• Sensible 
• Stylish 
• Unique 
• Profitable 

Power Adjectives to Persuade

• Verified 
• Risk-free 
• Effective 
• Tested 
• Solution-oriented
• Vetted 
• Non-negotiable
• Quality-controlled 
• Reliable 
• Legitimate 
• Lifetime 
• Market-tested 
• Foolproof 
• Surefire 
• Ingenious 
• Innovative 
• Cutting-edge 
• Exceptional 
• Game-changing
• Ground-breaking
• Flagship 
• Assured 
• Collateralized 
• Painless 
• Diciest 
• Tamperproof
• Immutable 

Coherence Markers 

Coherence markers are conversational words and phrases we use to denote logical connections between different ideas. They are not meaningful standalone words. Yet, they play a huge role in making your presentation copy more compelling.

Take a look at these two versions of Dove ad copy:

• Your skin’s natural oils keep it silky and supple. As you age, it becomes less elastic, and the production of oil slows down. Aging can cause dull, dehydrated skin.
• Your skin’s natural oils keep it silky and supple. But as you age, your skin becomes less elastic, and the production of oil slows down. That is why aging can cause dull, dehydrated skin.

The bolded coherence markers help digest the claims by establishing logical connections between the ideas. Research shows that adding such links to any copy (or speech) improves clarity and boosts persuasion. Therefore, sprinkle some coherence markers in your presentation to help the reader or lister mentally justify what you are saying. 

Coherence Markers to Use in a Presentation 

• Now do it 
• So go ahead
• Due to 
• That’s why 
• Given that 
• Here’s the deal:
• That’s right 
• By contrast 
• Beyond that 
• For starters
• What’s the bottom line?
• You might be wondering
• By now you should 
• Better still…
• The general conclusion is that
• Compound this with 
• What does this mean for you?
• Inferring from above 
• Just imagine
• You’ve tried everything. But
• You start to worry that
• Let me guess 
• What’s the catch?
• I know that’s what you’re thinking, right?
• But one thing’s for sure
• Let me say this straight
• Now consider it this way 
• It gest better (or worse)
• But here’s the kicker
• As if that’s not enough
• Best of all

Metaphors 

A metaphor is a figure of speech used to represent or symbolize another object or concept. For example, time is the greatest gift given to you . 

Writers love using metaphors to act depth and eloquence to their narrative. At the same time, top presenters use these to help the reader picture an intangible concept. 

As research found, metaphors help with persuasion by helping the reader or listener form a concrete mental image of the discussed concept. For example, you can say that your printing equipment works fast. But how fast do you mean? A metaphor can help make it more clear, e.g., “Our printing machines an equivalent of Ferrari in terms of speed.”  

Check our complete guide to using metaphors in presentations for more insights. Or swipe of some of the examples from our list below: 

Metaphors for Professional Presentations 

• Zeus-like 
• Drag-and-drop interfaces 
• To be worth waiting for 
• Glue for the Internet 
• To stay afloat 
• Off the shelf 
• Custom-made 
• To get up to speed
• App-like functionality 
• blue ocean / red ocean 
• Bumps on the road 
• Jump on the bandwagon 
• Tossed its cap
• The veneer on the credenza.
• Moonshot project
• More complicated than one-color puzzles.
• Lion-tamer-sky-diver fun
• Pack a punch 
• At the foothold of new 
• Buckets of questions 
• Going against the grain
• The epitome of something else
• From full throttle to a halt

To Conclude

Positive power words speak straight to the hearts and minds of the audiences. They encourage, inspire, motivate, bring up, and help move on in the right direction. If your goal is to hammer in a clear idea and prompt subsequent desirable action, these words are your best buddies to use all through your presentation slides and during delivery! 

1. 12 Tips List PowerPoint Templates

If you´re searching for a PowerPoint Template that is very flexible and can be used to create lists, the 12 Tips List PowerPoint Template is a great choice. 

Use This Template

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One Response to “Powerful Words to Use in Presentations: Ultra Long List ”

Great article! it helped me ALOT. Thank you.

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10 Tips for a Persuasive Presentation

Powerful presentation is persuasion. here's how to elevate your impact..

Posted May 11, 2024 | Reviewed by Ray Parker

• Presentations aim to effect change. It's essential to be clear about what change you want to see.
• Powerful presenters embrace and extend empathy to seek first to understand their audience.
• Substance and style both matter to create an audience-informed communication experience.
• Persuasive presentations are relevant, reasoned, real, and resonant.

How many of us realize that giving a presentation or making a speech is all about persuasion , influence, and emotional intelligence ? Impactful presenters understand the power of empathy to understand and engage their audience, the efficiency and kindness of having a clear objective and message, and the importance of substance and style—all as a way to connect in a way that engages and inspires.

Much has been written on the power and behavioral science of persuasion, not least by expert Robert Cialdini. His bestselling book Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion explains seven research-based universal principles of influence .

From my experience as a leadership coach working with thousands of people worldwide, I have compiled a list of ten essentials to elevate our presentation.

1. Maintain an "other" focus. What do you know about your audience and how can you find out more? Ask yourself what kind of a speaker will appeal to your audience, what arguments are likely to resonate with them, and what feelings you want to inspire so the audience will positively respond to your ask. If your audience is predominantly data-driven, you may want to use more evidence-based arguments. If the audience is mixed, a combination of data, authority, and storytelling may be more appropriate. Extend Daniel Goleman’s three types of empathy to gather intelligence , understand your audience, and tailor your intervention to connect more profoundly.

2. Determine a specific objective: Presentations aim to effect change in some way. What change do you want to see in your audience? Every presentation aims to change the audience in some way. For instance, gaining their approval for a certain investment, soliciting their buy-in for a change, or creating a sense of enthusiasm for an idea or initiative. The purpose of a presentation is to bring about change so make sure you are clear on what kind of change you want to bring about.

3. Design a grabber: Our attention spans have shrunk as we have more and more competing demands on our attention . If you want to get someone’s attention you need to grab it at the outset and try and hold on. You can do this in a number of different ways. Throw out a question that demands a response from the audience. Give a surprising fact or statistic, or quote from a well-known figure. Tell a story or an anecdote. A good grabber captures the attention of everyone there, and makes them focus on what you have to say.

4. Crystalize your message and construct your arguments : Your message is the heart of your speech. Craft a brief phrase that clearly defines your proposal in 10-12 words. For example, “This post is about crafting presentations that inspire and engage others to elevate their presentations.” Make it memorable by choosing inspiring words, symbols, catchy expressions, something that will remain in the audience's mind. As Brené Brown says: “Clear is kind,” and a clear message provides a path to develop your ideas.

When you have a clear and concise message, it helps you formulate your arguments. Think of developing your arguments using the rule of three —three compelling arguments to convince but not overwhelm your audience.

5. Prepare a call to action: Remember, we want to change our audience in some way, so we need to make our ask in a clear and concrete manner.

Consider your call to action in terms of what you want your audience to think/feel/do:

• Think—“I want you to think about how you can improve your presentations.”
• Feel—“I want you to feel enthusiastic and motivated so that you can elevate your power to persuade.”
• Do—“I want you to try out some of these tips and tools for yourself.”

6. Craft a memorable closing: Close the speech in an elegant and memorable way. We need people to remember what we've told them, so prepare it well. This is not the time to improvise. Try to connect your closing to your opening grabber, which makes the presentation more memorable. Good preparation means preparing everything to the very end—finish well.

7. Plan your delivery: A dynamic speaker draws listeners in by using vocal variety (tone, intonation, speed, volume, pace, pauses, silence) and body language (posture, gestures, expression, and movement) to highlight important points and hold the audience’s attention. Be intentional: How will you use your voice and your body to emphasize a thought or idea? Think about it: If you increased the time you spent on style or delivery by 20 percent, what would it mean for the impact you make?

8. Think about how you will engage your audience : You want the audience to feel considered throughout. Include pauses so they can process what’s being said; connect with individuals throughout the room and make deliberate eye contact while speaking, especially when delivering key points. Read and respond to the audience by changing how you deliver as you go based on the audience’s nonverbal communication .

9. Rehearse and Practice: Practice is one of the most crucial elements of presenting—and probably the most neglected one. If this is new to you start by reading your presentation in front of a mirror to get comfortable speaking your presentation. Next, video yourself and watch out for nervous or distracting habits to eliminate them and identify any areas where you can improve your delivery. If you are feeling brave, practice in front of an audience and ask for feedback.

10. Prepare your success rituals and mantra: Public speaking and/or stage fright can feel debilitating for some. Have your calm-down ritual prepared and ready to go before you start your presentation. This might be a certain gesture, a power pose, breathwork, or a mantra. Try this tip: Identify three adjectives to describe how you would like to show up during this presentation. This sets an intention and helps focus our cognitive and emotional resources on success.

Powerful presenters embrace and extend empathy to seek first to understand their audience. They use this intelligence to carefully make choices about substance and style to create an audience-informed communication experience that feels relevant, reasoned, real, and resonant and creates a pathway for change.

Palena Neale, Ph.D. , is a women’s leadership coach, lecturer, and founder of unabridged, a boutique leadership development practice.

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How to Present to an Audience That Knows More Than You

• Deborah Grayson Riegel

Lean into being a facilitator — not an expert.

What happens when you have to give a presentation to an audience that might have some professionals who have more expertise on the topic than you do? While it can be intimidating, it can also be an opportunity to leverage their deep and diverse expertise in service of the group’s learning. And it’s an opportunity to exercise some intellectual humility, which includes having respect for other viewpoints, not being intellectually overconfident, separating your ego from your intellect, and being willing to revise your own viewpoint — especially in the face of new information. This article offers several tips for how you might approach a roomful of experts, including how to invite them into the discussion without allowing them to completely take over, as well as how to pivot on the proposed topic when necessary.

I was five years into my executive coaching practice when I was invited to lead a workshop on “Coaching Skills for Human Resource Leaders” at a global conference. As the room filled up with participants, I identified a few colleagues who had already been coaching professionally for more than a decade. I felt self-doubt start to kick in: Why were they even here? What did they come to learn? Why do they want to hear from me?

• Deborah Grayson Riegel is a professional speaker and facilitator, as well as a communication and presentation skills coach. She teaches leadership communication at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business and has taught for Wharton Business School, Columbia Business School’s Women in Leadership Program, and Peking University’s International MBA Program. She is the author of Overcoming Overthinking: 36 Ways to Tame Anxiety for Work, School, and Life and the best-selling Go To Help: 31 Strategies to Offer, Ask for, and Accept Help .

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5 Better Alternatives To Google Slides

I f you're looking to create a compelling presentation to showcase a new idea or persuade others, Google Slides may be the first option that comes to mind. But with few built-in templates, basic themes, and a limited graphics collection, you'll likely have a hard time making your presentation stand out against others.

If you want to make your presentation truly stand out, there are several alternatives to Google Slides that offer extra perks and features to give your presentations an edge. While Google focuses on integrating Slides with its other work-based apps like Sheets and Docs, other presentation apps focus more on design elements, transitions, and themes to help you convey your brand or personal image throughout your presentation.

We've tested these Google Slide alternatives to give you an idea of other available options to deliver impactful presentations. If you're looking for a way to make boring information more fun and engaging, here are the best presentation apps to replace Google Slides.

Read more: Major Graphics Card Brands Ranked Worst To Best

Microsoft PowerPoint

There's a reason so many businesses around the globe use Microsoft PowerPoint. Building its reputation as the go-to option for delivering high-quality presentations, the software generated $100 million in annual sales only three years after its initial release in 1990.

Microsoft PowerPoint may be Google Slides' largest competitor, but there are plenty of unique features that can add an extra flourish to your slides. PowerPoint excels in its impressive library of custom animations and slide transitions, which are fairly limited in Google Slides. Another unique feature is its AI-powered Designer tool. This provides professional design schemes that mirror the words used in your slides. For instance, if your title slide is named "Basketball Team 2024," Designer will automatically suggest pictures and slide layouts associated with basketball.

As PowerPoint has been in development longer than Google Slides, it naturally offers more nuanced features if you're looking for something specific. For example, you can save individual slides as an image file (using .png or .jpeg formats) or as a separate presentation file. There's also a large library of free PowerPoint templates designed to speed up your workflow. Moreover, PowerPoint integrates seamlessly with Microsoft Teams with its PowerPoint Live function, allowing you to easily share your presentation with your co-workers.

Prezi offers an innovative approach to showing presentations with its unique canvas feature. Unlike traditional presentation software, Prezi lets you zoom and pan around a flexible canvas. The canvas may feel distant to something of a presentation program, but there is still some linear order provided thanks to the Timeline view.

Finding ways to visualize data is one of the biggest challenges when dealing with presentation software. Prezi resolves this struggle with the help of its Story Blocks: a series of infographics available in multiple designs to visually represent data. You can easily edit infographics and even add animations to individual shapes. This can help add a story to your presentation and help you emphasize key points.

To further enhance your presentation visually, Prezi offers several topic path settings, which let you change how Prezi transitions from one topic to another. These options include subtopics, which are super helpful for breaking large chunks of information down. If you're looking for a unique, modern approach to presenting information, Prezi is a top pick.

If you're looking to create a professional presentation to convince potential clients about your business idea, Slidebean is a popular choice among professionals with plenty of customization options. One of the issues with Google Slides is its fairly limited template library, which is filled mostly with basic designs. Slidebean offers a better alternative with a broad selection of innovative templates split into categories for convenience.

The app's user interface is easy to navigate so that you can create slides in less time. Each slide has a dedicated Design and Outline tab. You can use the Outline tab to quickly edit the information on each slide without being distracted by all the visual elements. Another productivity-enhancing feature is the ability to generate a presentation theme from your website. Simply enter your URL, and Slidebean will automatically apply the theming to your presentation.

Slidebean is another presentation app to take advantage of AI. Using the Auto-Design feature, you can generate recommended slide layouts based on your existing content. It also features AI text suggestions designed to suit different industries. Overall, Slidebean offers a quicker, more efficient method for creating stunning presentations compared to Google Slides.

Canva is a well-known app among graphic designers, but it's also capable of making stunning presentations. The app also has mobile editions, so you can easily create and edit presentations on your Android phone , iOS device, or tablet. As long as you have an internet connection, you can modify your designs wherever you are.

To get started, head to Canva's online presentation maker . Canva offers a vast range of templates categorized by topic, which easily surpasses the simple templates in Google Slides . While some of the templates are only available to Canva Pro members, there is an ample amount of free templates to help you get started. You'll also find a large selection of stock photos, shapes, and illustrations to create beautiful customized slides.

Because Canva is built for graphic designers, you can access several features to give your presentation consistent theming. These include color palettes, font sets, and even a brand kit that allows you to add your company's fonts (available to Pro members only). One time-saving feature is Canva's Uploads tab, which lets you access recently uploaded media files. This offers a convenient way to copy content between different presentations.

Visme is a powerful visual design tool able to create videos, infographics, and presentations. One of the perks of using Visme is the company's free educational content, which offers advice on how to create impactful content to boost your brand. After signing up, the company also asks whether you're using Visme for your business, education purposes, or personal use to offer personalized tips.

In terms of charts and graphs, Visme offers some of the most impressive features we've seen from a presentation app, so you can effortlessly convey important statistics. From the Data tab, you can access dozens of graph styles to visually represent your data. Then, simply double-click a chart inside your presentation to edit the values instantly in a simple table format.

Another area that Visme excels in is collaboration. You can either generate a link to publish your presentation on the web or share your presentation privately with others. For each team member, you can choose who can view, edit, and comment slides for a seamless workflow. There's also a Slack integration that lets you receive messages whenever changes are made to your presentation. Visme is free for all users, with limited features available in its premium plans.

Read the original article on SlashGear .

Synonyms of presented

• as in offered
• as in introduced
• as in donated
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Thesaurus Definition of presented

Synonyms & Similar Words

• represented
• came out with
• impersonated
• reintroduced
• reacquainted
• volunteered
• contributed
• administered
• meted (out)
• forked (over, out, or up)
• pungled (up)

Antonyms & Near Antonyms

Thesaurus Entries Near presented

present-day

presentiment

Cite this Entry

“Presented.” Merriam-Webster.com Thesaurus , Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/thesaurus/presented. Accessed 12 May. 2024.

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A simple guide to slideshows

Learn what slideshows are, how they’re used, common features, and how to choose a slideshow maker. Get started creating your own slideshows today with Microsoft PowerPoint.

What is a slideshow?

What are slideshows used for.

Meetings and presentations

Slideshows are most frequently used to create professional presentations for business meetings, conferences, and educational purposes. A  slideshow program  allows people to organize content, include visuals, and enhance the overall impact of their message.

Visual storytelling

Because slideshows sequentially display engaging visuals, text, and other multimedia, they’re a strong way to tell a cohesive and compelling narrative from start to finish.

Content creation

Slideshows give content creators a versatile and efficient way to organize information, increase visual appeal, and communicate effectively across different contexts.

Photo and video sharing

Slideshow makers are popular for creating photo and video presentations, especially for events like weddings, birthdays, and vacations. People can add transitions, music, and captions to fully bring the photo-sharing experience to life.

Training and tutorials

Slideshows help break down complex information into digestible chunks with the support of visuals and text, making them ideal for instructional materials, tutorials, and training modules.

Collaborative projects

In collaborative settings, teams use slideshow makers to create joint presentations or reports. The best slideshow makers enable multiple contributors to add their content simultaneously, which helps ensure a cohesive and unified presentation.

What are the features of a slideshow creator?

Slideshow creators vary in what they offer but ideally include:

A library of templates, themes, and images.

If you’re not a designer, this feature is huge. Simply browse the options available in your slideshow maker library to create a polished, professionally designed presentation in a flash. Be sure to confirm that access to the library is free and the images are approved for unrestricted usage.

Audio and video compatibility.

Keeping your audience engaged is key to any successful slideshow presentation. To mix things up, being able to add a multimedia element—like a song or a video clip—will help people stay focused and interested.

Presentation tools.

Handy presenter tools go a long way toward making your slideshow experience seamless. For example, straightforward slide navigation, slideshow keyboard shortcuts, pen and highlighter markup, and adjustable resolution settings.

AI assistance.

With AI revolutionizing content creation, using a slideshow maker that has AI capabilities will enhance efficiency and innovation. Depending on the slideshow app you have, creating an entire slideshow could be as easy as a quick prompt, like “Make a presentation about the benefits of sustainable fashion that has 15 slides.” 

Animations.

Like audio and video, animations give your audience a bit of sensory surprise that can capture their attention. 

Slide transitions.

Add some pizzazz to how you change slides with visual effects like fading, wiping, and zooming. 

Screen recording.

Being able to record your screen in a slideshow maker is helpful when giving an instructional talk, software demonstration, and other types of presentations that require visual aids.

A place to put speaker notes.

Having somewhere to jot a few notes down will help remind you of everything you want to cover as you present.

Different viewing options.

Looking at different views—for example, a presenter view, an audience view, and a high-level view of slide order—is useful when organizing your slideshow’s structure and understanding and preparing for what you’ll see versus what your audience will see.

How do I choose the right slideshow maker?

When choosing a slideshow maker, keep the following questions in mind to make sure you get the most for your money:

Is it scalable with your business?

As your organization grows and changes, it’s important to have flexible technology that adapts to new needs. Having certain features—such as cloud-based collaboration, compatibility with other work apps, and a mobile app—will help ensure that no matter how your business changes, the slideshow maker is up to the task. This also applies to pricing plans. Consider choosing a slideshow app that has a subscription plan (so the software is always up to date), volume-based pricing, or enterprise-level pricing.

Does it have a variety of visual elements?

It’s pretty much a given that a slideshow maker will allow you to add images, but think outside the JPEG box—what other visual elements are available to you? Features like preset themes, free templates, SmartArt, a built-in clip art library, shape tools, background styles, 3D models, and charts and graphs provide diverse ways to switch up how a slideshow looks without relying solely on adding your own images.

Is it easy to use?

You could have the most feature-rich slideshow maker on the market, but if it isn’t easy to use, you probably won’t use it. Or you will, but you’ll be frustrated, waste valuable time, and have difficulty convincing people you work with to use it. As you research slideshow makers, look for videos that show the apps’ interfaces in action to help you decide if they’re intuitive and will have a shorter learning curve.

Does it have collaboration and sharing options?

Because making a slideshow is often a collaborative effort, it’s worthwhile to find a slideshow creator that was designed with this in mind. Pick one that offers editing controls and commenting, as well as the ability to work on a slideshow at the same time as someone else. Having a cloud-based slideshow maker will be key here. You’ll not only save yourself time but also keep things simple by not having multiple versions of the same slideshow.

Explore more about slideshows and slideshow makers

Copilot in powerpoint.

Transform how you make slideshows with the versatile AI in Copilot for PowerPoint.

Improve your presenting skills

Practice presenting with an AI speaker coach to get feedback on body language, repetition, and pronunciation.  

Six slideshow tips and tricks

Read up on tips about how to finesse your slideshows to give your most confident presentations.

Get free PowerPoint templates

Show your style with PowerPoint templates in more than 40 categories.

How to make a branded slideshow

Create a cohesive visual identity for your brand that goes beyond adding a logo to every slide.

Try a photo album template

Relive your favorite memories with photo album templates designed for all your unforgettable moments.

The benefits of visual aids in slideshows

Discover why using visual aids helps communicate ideas and messaging more effectively.

Slideshows that reach all learners

Explore the different ways that people learn and how to include all learning styles in your presentations.

Frequently asked questions

How do i make a good slideshow.

Making a good slideshow in PowerPoint is easy:

Plan what you’d like to include in your slideshow.

Launch your slideshow creator.

Choose the theme you’d like.

Import media.

Add text, music, and transitions.

Record, save, and share your slideshow.

Learn more about how to make a slideshow .

How do I add music to a slideshow?

To add music to a slideshow, first make sure that you’re using a slideshow maker with music compatibility. In PowerPoint, follow these steps:

Open your PowerPoint presentation and select the slide where you want to add music.

Click on the Insert tab in the ribbon menu.

Click on the Audio button and select Audio on My PC.

Browse to the folder on your computer where the audio file is located and select it.

Click on the Insert button.

How do I record a slideshow?

The steps for recording a slideshow in PowerPoint will vary depending on the version that you own. Get help with slideshow recording based on your version. 

What types of files can I add to a slideshow?

File compatibility in PowerPoint includes the use of JPEGs, PNGs, TIFFs, GIFs, PDFs, MP3s, WAVs, MIDIs, MPEG-4 Videos, and Windows Media Videos.  

How do I share my slideshow?

To share your PowerPoint slideshow, follow these steps:

Open your presentation and click Share at the top right of your screen.

If your presentation isn't already stored on OneDrive, select where to save your presentation to the cloud.

Choose a permission level, like Anyone with a link , or maybe just people in your company. You can also control if people can edit or just view the doc. 

Select Apply.

Enter names and a message.

Select Send.

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• Case report
• Open access
• Published: 04 May 2024

A giant peripheral ossifying fibroma of the maxilla with extreme difficulty in clinical differentiation from malignancy: a case report and review of the literature

• Ryo Takagi 1 ,
• Kosei Mori 1 ,
• Takashi Koike 1 ,
• Sayumi Tsuyuguchi 1 ,
• Kengo Kanai 1 ,
• Yoshihiro Watanabe 1 ,
• Mitsuhiro Okano 1 ,
• Yoshihiro Noguchi 1 ,
• Aya Tanaka 2 ,
• Kinue Kurihara 2 ,
• Kazumichi Sato 2 ,
• Ken Ishizaki 2 ,
• Yuichiro Hayashi 3 &
• Yorihisa Imanishi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-7987 1  

Journal of Medical Case Reports volume  18 , Article number:  220 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

194 Accesses

1 Altmetric

Metrics details

Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a nonneoplastic inflammatory hyperplasia that originates in the periodontal ligament or periosteum in response to chronic mechanical irritation. Peripheral ossifying fibroma develops more commonly in young females as a solitary, slow-growing, exophytic nodular mass of the gingiva, no more than 2 cm in diameter. While various synonyms have been used to refer to peripheral ossifying fibroma, very similar names have also been applied to neoplastic diseases that are pathologically distinct from peripheral ossifying fibroma, causing considerable nomenclatural confusion. Herein, we report our experience with an unusual giant peripheral ossifying fibroma with a differential diagnostic challenge in distinguishing it from a malignancy.

Case presentation

A 68-year-old Japanese male was referred to our department with a suspected gingival malignancy presenting with an elastic hard, pedunculated, exophytic mass 60 mm in diameter in the right maxillary gingiva. In addition to computed tomography showing extensive bone destruction in the right maxillary alveolus, positron emission tomography with computed tomography revealed fluorodeoxyglucose hyperaccumulation in the gingival lesion. Although these clinical findings were highly suggestive of malignancy, repeated preoperative biopsies showed no evidence of malignancy. Since even intraoperative frozen histological examination revealed no malignancy, surgical resection was performed in the form of partial maxillectomy for benign disease, followed by thorough curettage of the surrounding granulation tissue and alveolar bone. Histologically, the excised mass consisted primarily of a fibrous component with sparse proliferation of atypical fibroblast-like cells, partly comprising ossification, leading to a final diagnosis of peripheral ossifying fibroma. No relapse was observed at the 10-month follow-up.

Conclusions

The clinical presentation of giant peripheral ossifying fibromas can make the differential diagnosis from malignancy difficult. Proper diagnosis relies on recognition of the characteristic histopathology and identification of the underlying chronic mechanical stimuli, while successful treatment mandates complete excision of the lesion and optimization of oral hygiene. Complicated terminological issues associated with peripheral ossifying fibroma require appropriate interpretation and sufficient awareness of the disease names to avoid diagnostic confusion and provide optimal management.

Peer Review reports

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a nonneoplastic inflammatory hyperplasia, that is, a reactive proliferative lesion that arises in the superficial or periapical gingiva, induced by diverse chronic mechanical irritations such as dental calculus, bacterial plaque, orthodontic appliances, ill-fitting crowns and dentures, and improper restorations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. POF is believed to originate from pluripotent cells of the periodontal ligament or periosteum that can be metaplastically transformed into osteoblasts, cementoblasts, or fibroblasts in response to the aforementioned chronic stimuli [ 1 , 5 , 7 , 9 ]. The histopathology is characterized by fibrous connective tissue with varying numbers of fibroblasts associated with the formation of variable amounts of mineralized products consisting of bone components (woven and lamellar bones), cementum-like material, dystrophic calcification, or a combination thereof [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 8 , 10 ]. Although the immunohistochemical profile of POF has been sparsely documented, spindle-shaped cells in POF have been shown to be positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) in most cases, suggesting a myofibroblastic nature of the lesion [ 8 , 11 ].

Clinically, POF usually presents as a painless, solitary, slow-growing, relatively well-defined, pedunculated or sessile, exophytic nodular mass of the gingiva [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Epidemiologically, POF develops more commonly in females than in males, mainly during the second to third decades of life, and is predominantly located in the anterior maxilla, especially in the interdental papilla of the incisors [ 1 , 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 13 ]. Regarding the size, most cases are no more than 2 cm in diameter [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]; however, very rare cases of POF with unusually marked enlargement (≥ 6 cm) have been reported [ 11 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], which often require careful differential diagnosis to distinguish them from malignancy.

In clinical practice, there have been nomenclature problems wherein various synonyms have been used to refer to POF, while very similar names also have been applied to neoplastic diseases pathologically distinct from POF, causing considerable confusion among the relevant physicians [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 12 , 13 , 20 ].

Here, we report our experience with an unusual giant POF of the maxillary gingiva with a differential diagnostic challenge by reviewing its clinical course and discussing the issues of terminology that should be considered to properly recognize the disease concept of POF.

A 68-year-old Japanese male presented to our department with an exophytic mass on the right side of the maxillary gingiva that appeared 6 months earlier and had rapidly increased in size. He reported that, although he had upper and lower dentures made by a local dentist approximately 3 years ago, he gave up wearing the upper denture after approximately 6 months because it gradually became ill-fitting. His medical history included high blood pressure and hyperuricemia with orally administered regular medications. He smoked 20 cigarettes per day for more than 35 years and drank 500 mL of beer per day on average for more than 35 years.

Intraoral inspection revealed an elastic hard, seemingly well-defined, nonhemorrhagic, and almost pedunculated exophytic mass, approximately 60 mm in maximal diameter, extending medially from the hard palate, posteriorly to the retromolar trigone, and laterally to the buccal mucosa, which surrounded the right maxillary gingiva, including the right upper molars (teeth 16 and 17) (Fig.  1 A, B). The lesion was painless, and its surface appeared superficially multilobulated and slightly roughened, with some erosions and shallow ulcerations. More than half of the permanent teeth were missing in both the upper and lower jaws, resulting in only five healthy teeth (parts of the maxillary incisors, and the mandibular incisors and cuspids) (Fig.  1 C). Cervical palpation found lymphadenopathy of approximately 15 mm in size in the right submandibular region.

Intraoral and panorama-radiographic findings. A and B An elastic hard, seemingly well-defined, pedunculated exophytic tumor-like mass with a maximal diameter of approximately 60 mm was observed surrounding the right upper gingiva, including the right upper molars, extending medially from the hard palate, posteriorly to the retromolar trigone, and laterally to the buccal mucosa. C Orthopantomogram showing that all the remaining molars and premolars, including those surrounded by the right upper gingival mass, had severe alveolar bone resorption, indicating severe chronic periodontitis

An orthopantomogram revealed that, except for the aforementioned healthy teeth, all the remaining molars and premolars, including the molars surrounded by the right upper gingival mass, had severe alveolar bone resorption, indicating that the patient had severe chronic periodontitis (Fig.  1 C). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed extensive bone destruction on the lateral side of the right maxillary alveolus along the medial side of the mass lesion, together with small calcifications anteriorly within the mass (Fig.  2 A, B). Multiple enlarged lymph nodes, nearly 20 mm in diameter, were also found in the level I–II region of the right side of the neck (Fig.  2 C). Positron emission tomography with CT (PET/CT) revealed noticeable fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) accumulation (maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax] 14.81) in the area consistent with the right maxillary gingival mass containing chronic periodontitis (Fig.  2 D, E), whereas the right cervical level I–II lymph nodes showed only a relatively mild increase in FDG accumulation (Fig.  2 F).

CT and PET/CT findings. A – C CT image showing a marked bone destruction-like defect on the lateral side of the right maxillary alveolus (arrowhead, A ) contiguous with the right maxillary gingival mass lesion (arrows, A and B ), along with small calcifications (arrowhead, B ) anteriorly within the mass. Multiple enlarged lymph nodes, nearly 20 mm in length, were observed in the level I–II region of the right side of the neck (arrows, C ). D – F PET/CT scan demonstrating FDG hyperaccumulation (SUVmax = 14.81) in the right maxilla in an area consistent with the gingival lesion containing chronic periodontitis ( D and E ). Only mild FDG accumulation was observed in the cervical lymph nodes (arrows, F )

Initial biopsy was performed from the palatal and buccal sides of the surface of the mass, both of which showed “granulation tissue associated with marked inflammatory cell infiltration.” Because the imaging findings suggested a high probability of malignancy, a second biopsy was performed deeper into the lesion; however, the histology showed “severe chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia with some bone tissue involvement,” again with no malignancy. Although pancytokeratin immunostaining was performed, no atypical epithelial cells were observed. At this stage, we additionally considered the possibility of reactive hyperplastic lesions [ 3 , 4 ] on the gingiva as a differential diagnosis; however, the possibility of malignancy could not be excluded as a pretreatment diagnosis in light of the above-mentioned findings.

Since surgical resection appeared indispensable regardless of the exact diagnosis, the patient underwent surgery under general anesthesia as a treatment that also served as a definitive diagnosis. Prior to surgery, the aforementioned inactive teeth with severe chronic periodontitis, except for the right maxillary molars contiguous with the lesion, were extracted by a dentist. During surgery, first of all, the two remaining right upper molars and one premolar surrounded by the gingival mass were extracted (Fig.  3 A). Then, several small specimens of the mass were excised from the tissue around the extraction socket corresponding to the deepest portion of the lesion and subjected to intraoperative frozen histological examination. Like the preoperative histological findings, all biopsied specimens showed “inflammatory granulation tissue with fibrosis and small calcification” without any malignancy, leading to a provisional diagnosis of ruling out the possibility of malignancy. Accordingly, we decided to perform a procedure similar to partial maxillectomy for benign lesions with minimal resection margins and omitted neck dissection.

Intraoperative findings. A Preoperative appearance of the right maxillary gingival mass lesion. B Intraoperative view after resection of the pedunculated gingival mass. The base of the mass was almost confined to the gingival mucosa. The remaining granulation tissues around the resection margin and surrounding alveolar bone were thoroughly curetted (arrow: preserved mucosa elevated from the alveolar bone). C The wound surface was covered by a polyglycolic acid sheet with fibrin glue. D Following additional covering with a sheet of chitin (poly- N -acetylglucosamine)-coated gauze (arrow), an immediate surgical obturator (ISO; arrowhead, transparent in color) was placed

As resection proceeded, the base of the pedunculated mass was found to be almost confined to the gingival mucosal surface, with the surrounding mucosa remaining normal. After removing the main mass, sufficient detachment and elevation of the surrounding normal mucosa from the periosteum were followed by thorough curettage of the remaining granulation tissues around the resection margin (Fig.  3 B). The alveolar bone was sufficiently shaved until a healthy bone margin was exposed, with additional scraping of the sharp edges. Although the bone defect in the maxillary sinus floor extended to approximately 10 mm, the sinus mucosa was preserved without perforation. After meticulous hemostasis, the wound surface was covered by a polyglycolic acid sheet (NEOVEIL Nano Ⓡ D10, Gunze Medical, Japan) with fibrin glue (Fig.  3 C) and then with a sheet of chitin (poly- N -acetylglucosamine)-coated gauze. An immediate surgical obturator (ISO), premade by the dentist, was placed immediately after surgery (Fig.  3 D). The excised mass was partially lobulated and measured approximately 60 × 36 × 17 mm (Fig.  4 A).

Histopathological findings. A The excised mass was partially lobulated and measured approximately 60 × 36 × 17 mm. B – D Hematoxylin and eosin staining. The histology consisted primarily of a fibrous component with myxoid degeneration and sparse proliferation of atypical fibroblast-like cells ( B ), partly comprising cementum-like ossification and calcification ( C ), without any atypia, even in the superficial squamous epithelium ( D ), leading to a final diagnosis of POF

The histology of the excised mass consisted primarily of a fibrous component with myxoid degeneration and sparse proliferation of atypical fibroblast-like spindle-shaped cells (Fig.  4 B), partly comprising cementum-like ossification and calcification (Fig.  4 C). No atypia was observed, even in the superficial squamous epithelium (Fig.  4 D). Immunostaining revealed mild positivity for SMA in the spindle-shaped cells, whereas S100, desmin, and CD34 were negative. Pancytokeratin staining, for which a positive is suggestive of odontogenic epithelium, was also negative. Based on these histological findings, a final diagnosis of POF was made.

The surgical wound healed uneventfully with granulation and reepithelialization, thereby maintaining the shape of the alveolar ridge. Three months after surgery, the patient regained the ability to consume a regular diet with the help of dentures remade by the dentist. No relapse or other complications were observed at the 10-month postoperative follow-up (Fig.  5 ).

Comparison between pre- and postoperative findings. A and B Right maxillary gingival lesion site preoperatively ( A ) and 3 months postoperatively ( B ). C and D Coronal CT images preoperatively ( C arrow: POF lesion) and 4 months postoperatively ( D a fistula due to the bone defect of the maxillary sinus floor closed spontaneously)

We reviewed the POF case series previously reported in various countries and summarized the epidemiological and clinical features (sex, age, site of occurrence, and size) of POF in Table  1 [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 21 ]. There were sex differences with consistent female dominance, except in one report [ 7 ], wherein the female-to-male ratio varied substantially, ranging from 1.3 to 3.5. The second to fourth decades of life were common susceptible ages, with 30s being the average age, and a gradual declining trend in the ratio with aging after 40 years was apparent in large-scale reports [ 4 , 14 ]. While the occurrence sites were distributed entirely across the upper and lower gingiva, the majority of studies indicated that the anterior maxilla (incisors and cuspids) was the most common site [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 9 , 14 , 21 ]. While the size of lesions ranged quite widely, most studies have reported an average size of 1–2 cm [ 2 , 6 , 8 , 14 , 15 ] and a maximum diameter of no more than 3 cm [ 2 , 9 , 15 , 21 ] or 5 cm [ 6 , 8 ] (except for a report with unknown data [ 4 ]).

The patient in this report was relatively “elderly” (68 years old) and male, with the lesion located on “the posterior maxilla”; although self-reported, the mass “had grown rapidly to over 6 cm in diameter within 6 months of its initial appearance,” all of which appeared unusual for a POF. In addition, because of the patient’s substantial history of smoking, alcohol consumption, and extremely poor oral hygiene, malignancy was strongly suspected. After treatment, when asked about the history of denture use in detail, the patient told us that, although he had quit using his upper denture due to ill-fitting, he continued to wear only his lower denture for more than 2 years to avoid eating difficulties. Accordingly, inappropriate denture use habits, in which the lower denture provided unnatural chronic mechanical stimulation to the maxillary gingiva during mastication, were suggested to be critical triggering factors for POF development. However, even if we had been aware of this episode from the beginning, there would not have been sufficient evidence to rule out malignancy before treatment.

Regarding the imaging findings of POF, the identification of radiopaque calcified foci via X-ray or CT is likely helpful in differential diagnosis; however, its sensitivity is not sufficient because the amount of calcified tissue varies depending on the patient [ 5 , 7 ]. Although the preexisting bone structure seldom changes except for compression-associated superficial concave defects and occasional tooth displacement, lesions that have increased in size over time may occasionally present with erosion or even destruction of the bone surface [ 6 , 7 , 9 ]. In the present case, the orthopantomogram showed no radiopaque calcified foci within the lesion, whereas CT displayed a very small number of calcified components in a limited portion of the lesion. However, its small size was not highly indicative of POF, even in hindsight. The marked bone destruction of the maxillary alveolus adjacent to the lesion shown on CT, together with the hyperaccumulation of FDG revealed on PET/CT, appeared to be rather more suggestive of malignancy. In contrast, the findings of preoperative tissue biopsies were, as it turns out, all consistent with POF. Considering that small bone fragments (cementum-like ossification) were contained within the lesion in the second biopsy obtained from a deeper location, it might have been possible to provisionally rule out malignancy at this stage, depending on the degree of experience. However, because of the many unusual features of POF, in terms of its size, clinical course, epidemiological background, and imaging findings suggestive of malignancy, it seemed practically difficult to exclude the possibility of malignancy on the basis of the preoperative examination alone.

In a review of reports of giant cases of POF (consisting of ten cases measuring 2.5 cm or larger) [ 22 ], although most required discrimination from malignancy, the proportion of cases with local bone resorption and that of cases with tooth displacement within the lesion were both at most half, suggesting that we should recognize the difficulty of pretreatment differential diagnosis in such giant POFs, as experienced in the present case. Regarding the differential diagnosis from other inflammatory proliferative lesions of the gingiva, peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) is most similar to POF in that it is a reactive lesion that originates exclusively in the periodontal ligament or periosteum of the gingiva [ 4 ]. PGCG can be distinguished from POF by its common development in females between the fourth and sixth decades of life, its presentation as a relatively soft nodular mass, and its histological features consisting of a proliferation of mesenchymal cells and multinucleated giant cells associated with prominent vascular growth [ 4 , 9 , 23 ]. However, approximately one-third of PGCG also contains bone components [ 4 , 23 ], indicating that caution is still needed to distinguish them from each other.

Although conservative local resection is the standard treatment for POF, complete excision of the lesion, including the adjacent periodontal ligament or periosteum where the POF originates, as well as removal of the source of the irritating stimuli, are essential to eliminate the chances of recurrence [ 2 , 6 , 8 , 9 , 14 ]. In the present case, since no malignancy was reported even on intraoperative histological examination, the resection margin was determined to be as minimal as necessary in accordance with benign tumors. However, to eradicate the possible residual lesions, additional shaving and scraping of the alveolar portion of the maxilla were performed beyond the depth at which the healthy bone was exposed.

Through our experience with this case, we undeniably recognized three possible pitfalls associated with the terminology of POF that should be noted when correctly diagnosing POF and better understanding its pathogenesis. First, the disease conventionally referred to as “ossifying fibroma” means a benign tumor of bone origin whose pathogenesis is entirely different from that of POF. The origin of ossifying fibroma is the periodontal ligament (which is in common with POF) or endosteum (a very thin connective tissue layer covering the bone marrow cavity inside the bone cortex), which principally expands into the medullary space of the bone [ 3 , 6 , 7 , 12 ]. Since ossifying fibroma is sometimes referred to as “central ossifying fibroma” (COF) when it needs to be clearly distinguished from POF, it should be noted that the terms “central” versus “peripheral” in this context are employed simply in the sense of indicating their positional relationship in the bone structure [ 13 ]. Furthermore, the term “ossifying fibroma” can be referred to in multiple senses (in both broad and narrow senses); it is generally used in the narrow sense to refer to COF, whereas it is sometimes used in the broad sense as an umbrella term for both COF and POF, making the interpretation of this term quite confusing and ambiguous, which requires us to carefully distinguish the meaning indicated by the term depending on the situation [ 6 , 13 ].

Second, a multitude of synonyms have been used in the nomenclature of POF. Those seen in previous papers are as follows: “peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma,” “ossifying fibro-epithelial polyp,” “peripheral fibroma with osteogenesis,” “peripheral fibroma with cementogenesis,” “peripheral fibroma with calcification,” “calcifying or ossifying fibroma epulis,” “calcifying fibroblastic granuloma,” “ossifying fibrous epulis,” “peripheral cementifying fibroma,” “calcifying fibroma,” “calcified peripheral fibroma,” and “calcified or ossified fibrous granuloma” [ 2 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 13 , 14 ]. Most appear to be a combination of terms meaning “ossification” or “calcification,” and “fibroma” or “fibrous.” However, numerous different names used for the identical pathological condition have led to a considerable degree of confusion in clinical practice [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 10 , 13 ], which appears to be the decisive factor in preventing the spread of accurate recognition of POF. Fortunately, in recent years, a consensus has emerged regarding the use of “peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF)” as the English term for this pathological condition, although a few exceptions remain. Furthermore, since the term “fibroma” literally refers to “benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue origin,” nomenclature-wise, the naming of POF (peripheral ossifying fibroma) itself is undoubtedly a misnomer for the inflammatory reactive proliferative lesion. However, revising its designation at this stage seems rather unwise, as it would have a much greater disadvantage of causing additional unnecessary confusion.

Third, POF should also be distinguished from “peripheral odontogenic fibroma,” a different disease for which the same abbreviation “POF” has been applied [ 12 , 20 ]. Odontogenic fibroma is classified as one of benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumors in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which is further divided into endosteal “central odontogenic fibroma” and extraosseous “peripheral odontogenic fibroma” according to their position in the bone structure; both of these conditions are thus entirely different from POF [ 2 , 13 ]. The distinction between peripheral ossifying fibroma, an inflammatory reactive proliferative lesion, and peripheral odontogenic fibroma, a benign tumor, is quite misleading because they share the same abbreviation, “POF,” which requires caution to not confuse them.

Although POF is an inflammatory reactive proliferative lesion, its extreme enlargement can cause alveolar bone destruction and hyperaccumulation of FDG on PET/CT, making the differential diagnosis from gingival malignancy difficult. Proper diagnosis relies on the recognition of its characteristic histopathological findings and identification of possible underlying chronic mechanical stimuli, while successful treatment mandates complete resection of the lesion and improvement of problematic oral hygiene. Due to the numerous synonyms for POF and coexistence of very similar names for different neoplastic diseases, appropriate interpretation and sufficient awareness of these disease names are required to avoid diagnostic confusion and provide optimal management.

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The collected data and materials that can identify the patient are not publicly available because of the adequate protection of patient privacy. All other data collected and analyzed during this case study are included in this published article.

Abbreviations

Central ossifying fibroma

Computed tomography

Fluorodeoxyglucose

Immediate surgical obturator

Positron emission tomography with computed tomography

Peripheral giant cell granuloma

• Peripheral ossifying fibroma

Smooth muscle actin

Standardized uptake value

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We would like to thank Editage ( www.editage.com ) for English language editing.

This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K08918).

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Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan

Ryo Takagi, Kosei Mori, Takashi Koike, Sayumi Tsuyuguchi, Kengo Kanai, Yoshihiro Watanabe, Mitsuhiro Okano, Yoshihiro Noguchi & Yorihisa Imanishi

Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Maxillofacial Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan

Aya Tanaka, Kinue Kurihara, Kazumichi Sato & Ken Ishizaki

Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan

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RT treated the patient, collected and analyzed the materials and data, and drafted the manuscript. KM, TK, ST, KKa, and YW helped manage the patient and supported the data interpretation. AT, KKu, and KS treated and managed the patient in their capacity as dentists and oral surgeons. MO, YN, and KI provided helpful advice and administrative support. YH made the pathological diagnosis and provided critical suggestions. YI treated and managed the patient, organized the materials and data, and wrote and revised the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

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Takagi, R., Mori, K., Koike, T. et al. A giant peripheral ossifying fibroma of the maxilla with extreme difficulty in clinical differentiation from malignancy: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Reports 18 , 220 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04529-9

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Received : 29 February 2024

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-024-04529-9

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• Reactive proliferative lesion
• Ossification
• Periodontal ligament
• Differential diagnosis
• Terminology

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