how to send email cover letter

How To Write an Effective Email Cover Letter (Template + Examples)

3 key takeaways

• An email cover letter is typically sent alongside a resume.
• Learn the structure and format of a winning email cover letter, and how to create your own.
• Teal’s AI Cover Letter Generator simplifies the process of creating cover letters tailored to each job.

When applying for a job online, an email cover letter is a crucial part of your application. It's your introduction, providing a personalized narrative that complements your resume and demonstrates your fit for the role.

A well-written email cover letter can distinguish you from other candidates and improve your chances of securing an interview.

This guide walks through best practices for writing an email cover letter, emphasizing the importance of personalization and professionalism.

Struggling to craft the perfect email cover letter? Get started with Teal’s AI Cover Letter Generator for free.

What is an email cover letter?

An email cover letter is a document sent with your resume when applying for a job online or via email. It's an introduction to your qualifications and interest in the role.

Email cover letters have become a standard part of the job application process, often serving as the first impression you make on a potential employer.

The primary role of an email cover letter is to complement your resume by providing context and a personalized narrative that demonstrates your fit for the position. An effective email cover letter can set you apart from other candidates and increase your chances of securing an interview.

Why email cover letters matter

Crafting a compelling email cover letter is more important today than ever before.

A well-written email cover letter can make the difference between your application being noticed or getting lost in a "maybe" bin with other candidates. It lets you showcase your personality, highlight your most relevant skills and experiences, and demonstrate your genuine interest in the position and company.

Plus, an impressive email cover letter can set the stage for a successful job interview.

It gives hiring managers a glimpse into your communication skills, attention to detail, and professionalism—all qualities employers highly value. A memorable email cover letter can pique the hiring manager's interest and make them eager to learn more about you during an interview.

In essence, your email cover letter is a powerful tool for marketing yourself, distinguishing your application, and increasing your chances of landing your dream job.

How to write an effective email cover letter

An effective email cover letter requires a strategic approach to capture the employer's attention and demonstrate your suitability for the role.

Follow these steps to craft a compelling email cover letter:

1. Craft an attention-grabbing subject line

Your subject line is the first thing the employer sees, so make it count. Use a clear and concise subject line that includes the job title and your name.

Marketing Manager Position - John Doe.

2. Address the recipient appropriately

Start your email cover letter with a proper salutation, addressing the hiring manager by name, if possible. If the name is unavailable, use a respectful greeting. 

Dear hiring manager,

3. Write an engaging introductory paragraph

In the opening paragraph, briefly introduce yourself, express your enthusiasm for the role, and provide a hook that piques the reader's interest.

Consider mentioning a mutual connection or a notable achievement relevant to the position.

4. Highlight your qualifications and fit for the role

The main body of your email cover letter should showcase your qualifications, experiences, and skills that align with the job requirements.

Quantify your resume and provide specific examples that demonstrate your potential value to the company. Mention how you can contribute to their success and why you are the ideal candidate.

Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator helps job seekers craft compelling cover letters that effectively highlight their accomplishments. 

Teal is able to analyze job descriptions to identify the most relevant skills and experiences to emphasize. It then helps you articulate these professional achievements more clearly and persuasively, ensuring your cover letter stands out.

Whether you're detailing a project that boosted sales by 25 percent or explaining how you led a successful team, Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator ensures your accomplishments are presented in the most impactful way, increasing your chances of making a strong impression on potential employers.

5. Express enthusiasm and a call to action

Conclude your email cover letter by reiterating your interest in the role and the company.

Express your enthusiasm for the opportunity and provide a call to action, such as requesting an interview or discussing your qualifications further.

6. Use a professional sign-off

End your email cover letter with a professional closing, such as "Sincerely," "Best regards," or "Thank you for your consideration."

Need help overcoming writer's block? Learn how to generate a great cover letter with ChatGPT cover letter prompts .

Tips for writing compelling email cover letters

Writing your first cover letter can be intimidating. Follow these tips to set yourself up for success:

• Keep it concise and focused: Aim for a length of three to four paragraphs, highlighting your most relevant qualifications and experiences.
• Personalize for each application: Tailor your email cover letter to the specific job and company, demonstrating your understanding of their needs and how you can contribute.
• Proofread carefully: Ensure your email cover letter is free from spelling, grammatical, and formatting errors, as it reflects your attention to detail.
• Incorporate keywords from the job description: Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting to show your alignment with the role's requirements.

Following a clear, professional format is crucial for creating an email cover letter that makes a strong first impression.

Writing email cover letters with AI

Struggling to craft the perfect cover letter for each job application? Research and compare the best AI cover letter writers to avoid writer’s block.

Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator takes the stress out of the process, allowing you to create effective, tailored cover letters in minutes, not hours.

With just a few clicks, its AI personalizes your cover letter to match any job description, highlighting your most relevant skills and experiences.

Plus, Teal intelligently adds keywords from the job descriptions to help make your cover letter more ATS-friendly, ensuring your application stands out with a professional, customized cover letter every time.

Proper email cover letter format

The standard parts of an email cover letter include:

1. Subject line

Your email cover letter's subject line is the first thing a hiring manager or recruiter will see. It's your chance to make a strong first impression and entice them to open your email.

When crafting your subject line, aim for clarity and conciseness.

Clearly state the purpose of your email, such as "Application for [Job Title] - [Your Name]."

This immediately lets the reader know what the email is about and who it's from.

Avoid using generic subject lines like "Resume" or "Job Application.” While descriptive, those terms are too vague and overused in application subject lines and, therefore, more likely to be overlooked.

To make your subject line stand out, consider including a unique selling point or achievement that aligns with the job requirements. This gives the reader a reason to learn more about you.

Lastly, keep your subject line short and sweet, ideally under 60 characters. That way it won't get cut off in the recipient's inbox preview.

Email cover letter subject line example:

Experienced Software Developer with Expertise in [Relevant Skill]

2. Salutation

One of the most important aspects of your email cover letter is addressing it to the right person.

Whenever possible, aim to find the hiring manager's name or person responsible for filling the position. This shows you've done your research and are genuinely interested in the role.

To find the hiring manager's name, review the job posting carefully. Sometimes, the contact person doesn't have their name listed in the ad. If not, visit the company's website and look for a "Team" or "About Us" page. You might find the name of the department head there.

If you still can't find a name, try searching for the company on LinkedIn. Look for people with titles like "Hiring Manager," "Recruiter," or "Human Resources Manager." You can also search for the head of the department related to the position.

If you exhaust all these options and still can't find a name, using a general salutation is okay.

"Dear Hiring Manager," "Dear Recruiting Team," or "Dear [Department] Team" are all appropriate choices. Avoid outdated salutations like "Dear Sir or Madam" or "To Whom It May Concern."

3. Opening paragraph

Your opening paragraph captures the hiring manager's attention and entices them to read further.

Keep your opening paragraph of your email cover letter short and impactful, ideally no more than three to four sentences.

Remember, your goal is to quickly capture the hiring manager's interest and encourage them to continue reading your email cover letter to discover how you can contribute to their organization's success.

Try the following to get started: 

• Express your enthusiasm for the opportunity and the company to make a strong first impression.
• Briefly mention how you discovered the position, whether it was through a job board, referral, or the company's website.
• Explain why you are interested in the role and company.
• Showcase your knowledge of the company’s mission, values, or recent achievements.
• Highlight one or two key qualifications that make you an excellent fit for the position.

Email cover letter intro example:

I was thrilled to come across the Marketing Manager position at [Company Name] on [Job Board]. With my 5+ years of experience in digital marketing and my passion for data-driven strategies, I am confident I would be a valuable asset to your team.

4. Body paragraphs

One of the most important aspects of crafting an effective email cover letter is showcasing your relevant skills and experience.

To make a strong impression on the hiring manager, carefully select the most impressive and pertinent qualifications from your background that align with the job requirements.

• Review the job description and identify the key skills, experience, and qualities the employer is seeking.
• Choose examples from your work history that demonstrate your proficiency in these areas.
• If the job posting emphasizes strong project management abilities, highlight a time when you successfully led a complex project from start to finish.
• Provide concrete details about your role, the challenges you faced, and the positive outcomes you achieved.
• Quantify your accomplishments wherever possible using hard numbers and metrics.
• Instead of stating you "improved sales," specify that you "boosted sales by 25% within the first quarter."
• Incorporate keywords and phrases from the job description into your email cover letter.

Many companies use applicant tracking systems (ATS) to screen candidates based on the presence of specific keywords. Naturally integrating these terms into your resume and cover letter also increases your chances of passing through the ATS and landing an interview.

Remember, the goal is to clarify to the hiring manager that you possess the necessary skills and experience to excel in the role.

5. Add a call to action

As you wrap up your email cover letter, be sure to finish strong and leave a lasting impression on the hiring manager. This is your golden opportunity to reiterate your enthusiasm for the role and the company, as well as your confidence in the fit.

Start by briefly recapping your key qualifications and how they align with the position's requirements. This reinforces why you're a strong candidate and reminds the reader of the value you can bring to their team.

Then, clearly state your desire to further discuss the opportunity and learn more about how you can contribute to the organization's success.

This call-to-action demonstrates your proactive approach and eagerness to take the next step in the hiring process.

6. Signature

Finally, end with a polite and professional sign-off.

Best regards, Sincerely, Thank you for your consideration.

Include your full name and contact details below your sign-off to make it easy for the hiring manager to reach out to you.

By leveraging AI to streamline formatting, you can ensure each email cover letter maintains a polished, professional appearance while focusing your time on tailoring the content to make a compelling case for your candidacy.

Need a bit of added help? Check out this resource to learn how to format your cover letter and stand out from the crowd.

Email cover letter sample

To help you visualize what an effective email cover letter looks like, let's explore a few examples for different scenarios:

Email cover letter example: marketing manager position

Subject : Experienced Marketing Manager Excited About [Company Name] Opportunity Dear [Hiring Manager's Name], I was thrilled to come across the Marketing Manager position at [Company Name]. With my 5+ years of experience leading successful marketing campaigns and driving brand growth, I am confident I would be a valuable addition to your team. In my current role at [Current Company], I have spearheaded several digital marketing initiatives that have increased website traffic by 40% and generated a 20% increase in lead conversions. I am well-versed in developing data-driven strategies and collaborating with cross-functional teams to achieve measurable results. I am particularly drawn to [Company Name]'s mission of [Company Mission] and believe my skills and experience align perfectly with the goals you aim to achieve. I would welcome the opportunity to further discuss how I can contribute to your marketing efforts and help drive your company's continued success. Thank you for considering my application. You will find my resume attached for your review and look forward to the possibility of an interview. Best regards,  [Your Name]

Why it works

This email cover letter works effectively for several reasons:

• Personalized salutation : Addressing the hiring manager by name shows that the applicant has taken the time to research and personalize their application, which demonstrates genuine interest in the position and company.
• Clear and enthusiastic introduction : The opening sentence clearly states the position applied for and expresses enthusiasm, capturing the hiring manager's attention right away.
• Relevant experience and achievements : The applicant highlights their 5+ years of experience and provides specific, quantifiable achievements, such as increasing website traffic by 40 percent and lead conversions by 20 percent. This demonstrates their ability to deliver results and adds credibility to their application.
• Alignment with company mission : By mentioning the company’s mission and explaining how their skills and experience align with the company's goals, the applicant shows they have researched the company and understand its values and objectives.
• Collaborative skills : The applicant emphasizes their ability to work with cross-functional teams and develop data-driven strategies, showcasing their collaborative and analytical skills, which are valuable in a marketing role.
• Professional and polite closing : The closing paragraph reiterates the applicant’s interest in the role, thanks the hiring manager for their consideration, and includes a call to action by expressing eagerness for an interview. This leaves a positive and proactive impression.
• Attachment of resume : Mentioning the attached resume ensures the hiring manager is aware of where to find it, providing a complete picture of the applicant's qualifications.

Overall, this email cover letter is concise, well-structured, and tailored to the specific job and company, effectively showcasing the applicant's qualifications and enthusiasm for the role.

Email cover letter example: software developer position

Subject : Passionate Software Developer Ready to Contribute to [Company Name] Dear [Hiring Manager's Name], I am writing to express my strong interest in the Software Developer position at [Company Name]. As a skilled developer with extensive experience in [Programming Languages/Frameworks], I am excited about the opportunity to bring my technical expertise to support your mission. During my time at [Current Company], I have been responsible for developing and maintaining several complex applications. One notable project involved creating a user-friendly web application that streamlined internal processes, resulting in a 30% increase in efficiency. I pride myself on writing clean, maintainable code and collaborating effectively with team members. I am impressed by [Company Name]'s commitment to pushing the boundaries of technology and creating cutting-edge solutions. I believe that my problem-solving skills and passion for innovation make me an ideal fit for your development team. I have attached my resume, which further highlights my qualifications and experience. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss how I can contribute to [Company Name]'s success. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely,  [Your Name]

This email cover letter works well for several reasons:

• Personalized salutation : Addressing the hiring manager by name shows the applicant has taken the time to research and personalize their application, demonstrating genuine interest in the position and company.
• Relevant technical skills : The applicant mentions their experience with specific programming languages and frameworks, highlighting their technical expertise and aligning with the job requirements.
• Quantifiable achievements : The applicant provides a specific example of their work, noting a 30 percent increase in efficiency from a user-friendly web application they developed. This demonstrates their ability to deliver tangible results and showcases their impact on previous projects.
• Alignment with company goals : By expressing admiration for the company’s commitment to innovation and technology, the applicant shows they have researched the company and aligns with its values and mission.
• Highlighting key strengths : The applicant emphasizes their problem-solving skills, passion for innovation, and ability to write clean, maintainable code, which are essential qualities for a software developer.
• Attachment of resume : Mentioning the attached resume ensures that the hiring manager is aware of additional details supporting the application, providing a complete picture of the applicant's qualifications.

For more inspiration and guidance, check out Teal's extensive collection of cover letter examples spanning various industries and roles.

How to proofread and edit your email cover letter

A well-polished cover letter demonstrates attention to detail and professionalism, increasing your chances of impressing the hiring manager.

Before hitting send on your email cover letter, take the time to carefully proofread and edit your work by following these steps:

1. Review your email cover letter for any spelling or grammatical errors. Even minor mistakes can make you appear careless or unqualified.

2. Use spell-check tools and read through the content slowly to catch any typos or awkward phrasing.

3. Assess the overall flow and tone of your writing. Does your email cover letter have a logical progression of ideas? Is the tone appropriate for the company culture and industry?

4. Make sure your personality shines through while maintaining a professional demeanor.

5. Get a second opinion. Consider having a trusted friend, family member, or mentor review your email cover letter as well. 

A second set of eyes can often spot issues you may have missed and provide valuable feedback for improvement.

Remember, a little extra effort in the editing process can go a long way in making a positive first impression on potential employers.

How to send your email cover letter

Once you've crafted a compelling email cover letter, you need to send it correctly to ensure it reaches the hiring manager and makes the desired impact.

1. Use a professional email address

Create an email address that includes your name, such as [email protected] . Avoid using casual or outdated email addresses that could undermine your credibility.

2. Attach your cover letter and resume

Use widely accepted file formats such as PDF or Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx). PDF resumes are often preferred because they preserve the formatting and layout of your documents across different devices and platforms.

3. Name your attachments professionally

Name your attachments clearly, such as "FirstName_LastName_Cover_Letter.pdf" and "FirstName_LastName_Resume.pdf."

This makes it easy for the hiring manager to identify and keep track of your application materials.

4. Double-check before sending

Before hitting send, double-check that you've attached both your cover letter and resume.

It's also a good idea to test your email by sending it to yourself or a friend to ensure that the attachments open correctly and the formatting appears as intended. This extra step can help you avoid any last-minute technical issues that could derail your application.

Write cover letters faster with Teal

Writing an effective email cover letter can be time-consuming and daunting, especially when you're applying for multiple positions.

Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator simplifies the process, allowing you to generate a compelling email cover letter in minutes.

The AI-powered Cover Letter Generator guides you through the essential components, ensuring you don't miss any crucial elements. Simply input key information about your background and the job you're applying for, and the tool will craft a personalized email cover letter that highlights your relevant skills and experience.

One of the most significant advantages of using Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator is its ability to create customized content for each application. The tool analyzes the job description and incorporates relevant keywords and phrases, demonstrating to hiring managers that you're a strong fit for the role. This level of customization can significantly increase your chances of standing out from other job seekers.

Rather than starting from scratch for each application, you can leverage AI suggestions to quickly assemble a polished email cover letter. This efficiency allows you to focus your energy on other aspects of your job search, such as networking and interview preparation.

Try out Teal's AI Cover Letter Generator today.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is it okay to write a cover letter in the email body.

It depends on the company size and hiring process. Small companies with fewer applications to manage may prefer the cover letter in the email, while larger companies will need it as an attachment to add to a candidate’s file.

Can the email message itself serve as the cover letter?

In some cases, the email message can serve as your cover letter, particularly if the job posting explicitly states this preference. If taking this approach, craft the email with the same level of care and attention you would give to a formal cover letter document.

How to choose between PDF and Word attachments?

When it comes to attaching your cover letter and resume, both PDF and Word resumes are generally accepted. PDFs are often preferred as they preserve the formatting and layout, ensuring your documents appear exactly as intended.

Nathan Thompson

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How to Send a Cover Letter Email

You only get one chance to make a first impression which is why your  cover letter email  is so important.  Emailing a cover letter  is your chance to show why you’re the  best candidate for the job  and to demonstrate that you’re a professional who is serious about the application.

The  email cover letter  should provide information on your expertise, such as your  qualifications, skills, and experience  as well as the reasons why you’re applying for the role. You need to show the employer why you’re a good fit for the position and to  grab their attention  so they look at your resume.

Candidates are often too quick to  send an email cover letter . This is a mistake. It is worth spending some time  focusing on each aspect  of the  cover letter  to ensure it’s up to scratch. In a competitive job market, marginal gains are everything.

Your  professional resume  is still the  most powerful tool  you have at your disposal when you’re job hunting and using a  resume builder  is an effective way of nailing it. Your  cover letter  needs to work in tandem with your resume.

How to send an email cover letter

One of the most important pieces of cover letter  advice  is to always  follow the employer’s instructions . Failure to  follow basic instructions  during the application process gives the wrong impression. It seems sloppy and unprofessional.

Sending an email cover letter and resume as attachments

If the instructions in the job posting say to  include your cover letter as an attachment , then do so. Either include it as a  Word document or as a PDF . As you’ll include both your  resume and cover letter  it’s important to clearly name both files (e.g. petergreencover.pdf and petergreenresume.pdf).

Sending an email cover letter as the main email

If the job posting instructions don’t state whether to include your  cover letter as an attachment , it is best to  copy and paste your cover letter  and include it as the main email, with just your resume attached. This way, when an employer double clicks on your application email, they will instantly see your  attention-grabbing cover letter .

How to write a an email cover letter for a job application

A  professional cover letter  should follow a clear  cover letter format . It should start with a header, an opening paragraph (why you’re applying), a second main paragraph (why you’re the best candidate), a closing paragraph (thank them for their time and state what’s attached), and an electronic signature.

Before you start writing it, you should carefully read through the job posting and  identify the key job requirements . You should then analyze your own expertise and be ready to show  how your skill set matches the job . Each cover letter should be tailored for each application.

You should choose some examples of when you’ve demonstrated  each key requirement  and include them in your cover letter. This is  much more convincing  than just saying you’re innovative, creative, or dynamic.

Don’t send a boring cover letter that starts with: 

“My name is Maria Smith and this cover letter is intended to express my interest in the Finance Manager position as listed on Glassdoor. I believe my background in technology companies and finance experience makes  me an ideal candidate for this role.”

Use the introduction to capture the attention of the reader . You can use a sentence showing that you’re aware of their company and why you’re interested in them specifically and to briefly introduce your value proposition.

In the  second paragraph , explain why you’re the perfect fit. Ask yourself the following questions:

• What are some programs/initiatives  you worked on that have had a big impact?
• Did you get promoted fast?
• What skills do you have that match the requirements of the job?
• Did you save  time or made money for your organization?

In the  last paragraph , you can tell the hiring person that you’d love to be considered for the role.

Cover letter email example

Get more  cover letter examples  advice in our guide with tips and information about all aspects of a good cover letter structure.

Subject: Customer Services Position: Jane Cooper

Dear Ms. Wilson,

I would like to express my interest in the position of Customer Service Representative which is advertised on LinkedIn. I believe that my four years of experience in customer services and my positive attitude make me the ideal candidate for this position.

I am used to working in a target-driven environment and have surpassed my personal targets for three consecutive years. I have also won two ‘Passion Awards’ for my approach towards delivering excellent customer service. My strong communication skills, which have been recognized through consistent positive feedback from our customers.

Thank you for taking the time to consider my application. Please find a copy of my resume attached. I look forward to having the chance to discuss what I can bring to the role in more detail.

Sincerely yours,

Jane Cooper

Write your cover letter

Introduce yourself to the recruiters using one of our professional templates.

Related Blog

How to Send an Email Cover Letter (Examples)

By Status.net Editorial Team on November 15, 2023 — 13 minutes to read

An email cover letter is an opportunity for you to introduce yourself, highlight your qualifications, and explain why you’re the perfect fit for the job. Here are a few pointers to help you craft an effective email cover letter:

• Subject Line: Your subject line should clearly indicate the purpose of your email. Mention the job title you’re applying for and your full name, e.g., “Marketing Manager Application – Jane Doe.”
• Salutation: Address the hiring manager by their name, if possible. If you don’t know their name, a simple “Dear Hiring Manager” will suffice.
• Introduction: In the opening paragraph, you should mention the job title you’re applying for, where you found the job posting, and a brief introduction of yourself.
• Body: The body of your email cover letter should elaborate on your qualifications and experiences that are relevant to the job. Focus on showcasing your skills, achievements, and how you can contribute to the company’s success. Be sure to tailor your content to the specific job and company, demonstrating that you’ve done your research.
• Closing: Wrap up your email cover letter by thanking the hiring manager for considering your application. Express your enthusiasm for the opportunity and reiterate your interest in the position.
• Signature: Sign off with a professional closing, such as “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your full name, email address, and phone number.

One more tip: as email systems can sometimes strip out formatting or not display it consistently, it’s best to stick to simple formatting options, such as bold text, bullet points, and clear paragraph breaks. If you want to include additional information, such as your resume, consider attaching it as a PDF file to ensure consistent formatting across different devices and email platforms.

Key Elements of a Cover Letter

Subject line essentials.

Your email cover letter should start with a compelling subject line that quickly grabs the recipient’s attention, especially since it’s competing with other emails in their inbox. Keep your subject line concise, clear, and informative. For example, you could use a format like: “Marketing Coordinator Application – Jane Smith” or “Re: Job Application for Graphic Designer (Job ID: 12345)”. Tailor your subject line to the company and position, so the recipient can easily identify your message’s purpose.

Email Signature and Contact Information

An email signature is an essential part of creating a professional presence in your email cover letter. Your email signature should include your full name, phone number, and any relevant links, such as your LinkedIn profile or online portfolio. This makes it easy for the recipient to contact you regarding your application. For example: Jane Smith Phone: 123-456-7890 LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/janesmithexample Portfolio: janesmithportfolioexample.com

The Importance of Professional Email Address

A professional email address sets a good first impression and shows that you’re serious about your job search. Avoid using email addresses that are unprofessional or include personal information. Stick to a simple format like [email protected] or variations that include your first initial and last name.

Selecting the Right File Name

When attaching your resume or other documents, choose a file name that clearly identifies the content and includes your name. This makes it easy for hiring managers to locate your documents among numerous other files. For example, “JaneSmith_Resume.pdf” or “CoverLetter_JohnDoe.docx” are appropriate file names.

Understanding File Types

Submitting your documents in the appropriate file format ensures that they’re easily accessible and readable by the recipient. The most commonly accepted file formats are .doc, .docx, and .pdf. It’s a good idea to stick to these formats unless the job posting specifies otherwise. In most cases, PDF files are preferred as they maintain consistent formatting across different devices and platforms.

How To Create an Effective Cover Letter

Creating the greeting.

Begin your cover letter with a formal yet friendly greeting. Address the hiring manager by name if possible; you can find this information from the job posting, company website, or LinkedIn. If the manager’s name is unattainable, go for general but professional salutations such as “Dear Hiring Manager” or “To Whom It May Concern.”

Describing Your Experience and Skills

Showcase your relevant experience in the opening paragraph of your cover letter. Briefly pinpoint the role you’re applying for and how your background aligns with the position. Avoid regurgitating your resume; instead, focus on what unique skills make you the perfect candidate for the job.

As you describe your skills, use clear and concise language. Structure this section with bullet points to make it easy for the employer to read and digest:

• Skill 1: Why it’s relevant
• Skill 2: How it’ll benefit the company
• Skill 3: Examples of how you’ve used it before

Detailing Your Achievements

Next, outline your most significant and relevant achievements. These can include promotions, academic success, or other awards. Focus on accomplishments that display your skills, strategic thinking, and leadership capabilities. Use data to back up your claims – incorporate specific numbers and percentages indicating how you made a difference in your previous positions.

Following the Employer’s Instructions

Carefully read the job posting and any instructions provided by the employer when crafting your cover letter. If they ask for specific formatting or mention certain keywords, comply with their requests. You demonstrate your attention to detail and ability to assimilate by following their instructions.

Optimizing the Closing Examples

A strong closing further supports your candidacy and invites the employer to take further action. Reiterate your enthusiasm for the role and express your desire to contribute to the company’s success:

Example 1 : “I am excited about the opportunities posed by this role and am confident that my skills will allow me to excel at [Company Name]. I look forward to the opportunity to discuss my application further.”

Example 2 : “Thank you for considering my application. I believe my expertise in [Skill/Area] will greatly benefit [Company Name]. I look forward to discussing how I can contribute to your team.”

Remember to include your contact information and sign off professionally using “Sincerely,” “Best regards,” or a similar phrase.

Formatting Your Email Cover Letter

Choosing the right font and spacing.

When writing your email cover letter, start with a clean and easy-to-read font such as Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman. Select a font size between 11 and 12, which is generally considered standard for professional correspondence. Use single-spacing throughout the body of your email cover letter and consider adding a space between each paragraph for better readability.

Ensuring Correct Spelling and Grammar

Before sending your email cover letter, thoroughly proofread it for any spelling or grammar errors. To catch mistakes, use the built-in spell checker in your email client, or consider using third-party tools. Additionally, reading your email cover letter out loud can help spot any awkward phrases or inconsistencies.

Formatting and Structure Tips

Here are some tips to format your email cover letter effectively:

• Subject line : Make sure to include a clear and concise subject line, such as “Job Application – Your Name – Job Title.” This will make it easy for the recipient to identify the purpose of your email.
• Salutation : Address the hiring manager by their first and last name, if you can find it, or use a general greeting like “Dear Hiring Manager.”
• Introduction : Introduce yourself and mention the position you’re applying for. Briefly explain why you’re a strong fit for the role.
• Body : Highlight your relevant experience and skills in 2-3 short paragraphs. Use specific examples to support your claims.
• Call-to-action : End your email cover letter by thanking the hiring manager for their time and mentioning that you’re looking forward to their response.
• Sign off : Use a professional closing, such as “Best regards” or “Sincerely,” followed by your full name. Don’t forget to include your contact information such as your email address and phone number below your name.

Key Tips for a Successful Email Cover Letter

Tuning your email message.

When writing an email cover letter, your message should be clear and concise. Use a professional yet friendly tone to demonstrate your enthusiasm for the role. Start with a clear subject line that includes the job title and your full name. In the body of the email, briefly introduce yourself and mention the position you’re targeting. You can also add a line that highlights your skills or experience relevant to the job. Make sure to proofread your email content to avoid grammatical errors and maintain a polished appearance.

Using Cover Letter Templates

Using a cover letter template can be a helpful starting point. It provides a layout that ensures a consistent, professional presentation. Look for a template that matches the industry and job you’re applying for, while still allowing you to showcase your personality. Try to find a balance between a visually appealing design and an easy-to-read format. Always tailor the content to the specific job you’re applying for, as hiring managers can easily spot a generic, one-size-fits-all cover letter.

Sending a Test Email

Before hitting send on your cover letter and resume, send yourself a test email. This practice will ensure that the email arrives in your inbox correctly and that the formatting is intact. It will also give you a chance to review the email from the recipient’s perspective, so you can make any necessary adjustments. Check for broken links, and make sure your attachments (like your resume) are in a commonly used format, such as PDF. This step is important for ensuring your application’s success, as a poorly formatted email could impact your chances of moving forward in the hiring process.

How To Manage the Application Process

Understanding the job description.

When applying for a job, it’s important to carefully read and understand the job description. This will help you tailor your cover letter and resume to the specific requirements and needs of the position. Look for keywords and phrases that describe the responsibilities and qualifications, and be sure to highlight your relevant experience in your application materials.

Researching the Company

Before sending your email cover letter, research the company to gather useful information. This will help you demonstrate your interest and knowledge of the organization in your cover letter. Look for the company’s mission, values, and recent news. Try to find ways to relate your experience and skills to the company’s goals and culture.

Using LinkedIn in Job Search

In your job search, don’t forget to leverage LinkedIn. Connect with people in your industry, and follow companies and influencers relevant to your career objectives. You can also find job postings on LinkedIn, and even apply directly using your profile. Customize your LinkedIn URL and use it as part of your email signature to make it easy for potential employers to learn more about you.

Part-Time and Summer Jobs

If you’re looking for part-time or summer jobs, your email cover letter should reflect the specific nature of these positions. Focus on your flexibility, availability, and willingness to work irregular hours. Highlight relevant skills and experiences, even if they’re not directly related to the position. This will show your adaptability and eagerness to learn.

Managing the Follow-Up

After sending your email cover letter and resume, consider following up with the company if you haven’t heard back within a week or two. A polite email or phone call can help keep your application front of mind and demonstrate your continued interest in the position. However, be respectful and avoid being pushy or overly persistent. Remember that hiring managers are often very busy and may take some time to respond.

Advanced Cover Letter Strategies

Using a cover letter builder.

A cover letter builder can be a valuable tool in crafting an impressive cover letter. These online tools often provide customizable templates and step-by-step guidance to help you structure your content. Plus, they can save you time by automating the formatting process.

To get started, you can search for a reputable cover letter builder and follow the prompts. Make sure to choose a template that matches the tone and style of the job you’re applying for. Then, input your information and adjust the prewritten text to reflect your experiences and skills.

Emphasizing Your Qualifications

To stand out, you should highlight your relevant qualifications. To do this, carefully review the job posting and note the key requirements. Then, match your skills and experiences to those points, using specific examples to demonstrate your capabilities.

For example, if the job requires strong time-management skills, mention how you successfully managed multiple projects simultaneously in a previous role. Use numbers and metrics, where possible, to emphasize your achievements. This targeted approach can help you catch the attention of a potential employer.

Highlighting Professional Achievements

Your cover letter should showcase your professional achievements, demonstrating how your accomplishments make you the ideal candidate. To do this effectively, include specific examples that illustrate your strengths.

For example, if you’re applying for a sales position, you could mention specific sales targets you’ve met or exceeded in the past, or discuss how you broke new ground by securing a big client.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key steps in writing an email cover letter.

To write an effective email cover letter, follow these steps:

• Start with a concise and professional subject line.
• Address the recipient professionally and use an appropriate greeting.
• Engage the reader with a strong opening sentence or paragraph.
• Highlight your relevant skills, experience, and achievements.
• Show enthusiasm for the company and position.
• Include a call-to-action, encouraging the employer to review your attached resume.
• Close your cover letter with a professional sign-off.

How should I customize my cover letter for different job applications?

Customizing your cover letter for each job application can boost your chances of success. Focus on these areas:

• Research the company and use your insights to show genuine interest and knowledge about their business.
• Study the job requirements and emphasize your skills and experiences that match well with the position.
• Address the hiring manager by their name if you can find it, or use a generic salutation.
• Mention any connections or referrals that might be relevant to the position or company.

What are some effective tips to make my email cover letter stand out?

To make your email cover letter stand out, consider these tips:

• Keep it concise and to the point, ideally no longer than one page.
• Use a professional, easy-to-read font.
• Break up your text with bullet points, bold text, or subheadings to emphasize key messages.
• Avoid cliches and overused phrases; be genuine and use your own voice.
• Proofread your cover letter multiple times and ask someone else to review it for errors or suggestions.
• Follow any specific instructions provided by the employer in the job posting.

What examples should I include in my email cover letter?

Including real-life examples in your cover letter can help demonstrate your expertise and suitability for the position. Follow these guidelines:

• Choose examples that are relevant to the job requirements and company values.
• Describe your achievements and successes in a specific, quantifiable manner.
• Focus on instances where your actions led to positive outcomes or improvements.
• Structure your examples using the STAR method (Situation, Task, Action, Result) for clarity.

Do I attach the cover letter to the email or include it in the body?

Including your cover letter in both the email body and as an attachment is a good approach. By doing this, you ensure that the hiring manager sees your cover letter, regardless of their email settings or preferences. Save your cover letter as a PDF to preserve formatting.

What should I put in the subject line when sending my cover letter and resume via email?

A compelling and professional subject line is important for capturing the attention of the hiring manager. Consider these guidelines:

• Include your name and the job title or position you are applying for.
• Use clear, concise language.
• Make sure the subject line matches any instructions provided by the employer in the job posting.
• An example could be: “Jane Doe – Marketing Specialist Application”
• 10 Examples: How to End an Email Professionally
• 3 Examples: Job Application Email (with Tips)
• 3 Administrative Assistant Cover Letter Examples (Guide)
• 3 Examples: How to Write a Job Offer Thank-You Letter
• 3 Detailed Examples: Job Interview Request Email Responses
• Cover Letter vs. Letter of Interest vs. Letter of Intent

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Writing a covering email to accompany your CV

If your CV is attached to the email, then use the main body of the email as your covering letter. Tell the employer how you meet their key requirements so that you can immediately make a good impression and entice them to open the attachment and look at your CV in more detail.

• In the subject line of the email, list the vacancy title, reference number and where you saw or heard about the vacancy
• Use the body of the email to convince the recruiter in three to five bullet points that you are the right person for the job
• Send the CV as an attachment clearly labelled with your name
• Spell-check before sending the email

Email covering letter template

To: Ann Brown

Subject: Project Manager, ETD, Ref No. 1234 Management Today

Attachment: MWoodProjectManagerCVfeb13.doc

I am interested in applying for the above job as I believe my substantial experience in project management combined with my knowledge of the telecommunications sector will be of particular benefit to your organisation.

ABC has an excellent reputation for innovation and having worked on a number of ground-breaking technological projects from the planning to the implementation stage, I believe that I can make a significant contribution to your organisation.

In particular, I have:

• 10 years’ experience in managing teams of between 5 and 15 people on a variety of complex telecommunications projects
• An engineering background which gives me the ability to quickly grasp new technical detail and assess implications for operational planning
• Experience and qualifications in PRINCE2 project management software
• Superb relationship-building skills enabling project team members to focus on tasks even during challenging times

My CV is attached, providing further information on how my career background meets your requirements. I would welcome the opportunity to meet with you in person to discuss this further.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Tel: 07777 555 555

CV & Email Checklist

Remember, first impressions are very important. The following is a quick checklist before sending off those emails.

Your CV attachment if sending in Microsoft Word:

• Arial or Times New Roman size 10–12 for body of text and size 14 for headings

• Standard margin lengths

• Bold used sparingly, principally for headings

• No columns or boxes

• No graphics, photos or Jpegs

• No shading

CV attachment if sending as PDF:

• Checked that recipient/website can upload or view these

CV attachment sending from or to a Mac:

• Double-check format to ensure CV is compatible with recipient’s software

• Has all the spelling and grammar in the email covering letter been double-checked?
• Have you specified in the Subject Line of your email the vacancy/reference number of the job for which you are applying?
• Does the email covering letter state why you are a good candidate?
• Is the covering letter written formally, using full sentences with bullet points to reinforce key selling points?
• Have you addressed the individual by name, if known, in the covering letter?
• Have you labelled your CV attachment with your name?
• Have you created an email address just for job-searching?
• Have you included your telephone number in the main body of your email to make it easy for people to contact you?

Corinne Mills is Managing Director of  Personal Career Management , an outplacement and career coaching company.

Corinne Mills is Managing Director of   Personal Career Management , an outplacement and career coaching company who are the official Career Management partners for Guardian Jobs.

Elia is a Guardian Jobs reader. Hear her personal career story and find out how her Personal Career Management coaching programme helped land her ideal job at Google! Watch the video .

If you’re considering a career change, exploring your options or need effective job search support, Guardian Jobs  recommends  Personal Career Management , who offer  Guardian Jobs readers a free career review  to find out how career coaching can help you.  To book: call Personal Career Management on 01753 888 995 or fill in the contact form .

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Email cover letter

We often use email as an informal means of correspondence, but when a job advertisement asks for a cover letter and resume to be forwarded via email, it’s time to ramp things up a notch.

Your cover letter email will create a hiring manager’s first impression of you, so it’s important to make it a good one.

Emails may be quick to write and easy to send but there’s a lot riding on a cover letter email. If it’s not well written or professionally presented your resume may not even be downloaded. Take a look at our top tips to create a strong first impression with an email cover letter.

1. Know what’s required

Check the job posting carefully to know whether your email cover letter and resume should be sent as an attachment or if the lot should be included in the body of the email. If only your resume is to be included as an attachment, use a clear and descriptive file name such as “James Chang Resume – Web Designer Position” so the recipient can easily identify your document.

Save attachments as a PDF file or Word document – files types that are commonly used.

2. Treat your email cover letter like a formal letter

Draft your email cover letter in much the same way as a hard copy cover letter. Maintain a professional yet warm tone, write words in full without abbreviations, and aim for no more than a single page, breaking up your letter into paragraphs rather than sending a solid chunk of text.

It is physically more difficult to read online compared to hard copy so use sub-headers if necessary to break up your letter into user-friendly grabs of information.

3. Keep it simple

Fancy formatting can be lost on different systems so stick to a simple, crisp font like Arial, using a size 10 -12 font for body copy and 14 for headers.

Avoid using images, tables, shading or graphics, which can easily be corrupted, to ensure a hiring manager sees your message in the way you intended.

4. Make good use of the subject line

The email subject line should include your name as well as identifying the position you are applying for. A subject line like “Anna Wang, Junior Accountant Position” will work.

Keep this line short and to the point, and if a reference number is included in the job advertisement include this in your subject line (refer to our cover letter sample email below).

5.Customise an email signature

Having an email signature in place makes it very easy for a hiring manager to find your contact details at a moment’s notice.

Be sure to include your name, phone number and address in the email cover letter signature line.

6. Tailor each email cover letter to individual roles

If you’re applying for a variety of roles, fine tune your email cover letter (and resume) to reflect the requirements of each role emphasising the suitability of your skills and experience for the job in question.

7. Proof read your email cover letter

A simple typo or spelling mistake can see your job application get an instant thumbs down. Spell check your cover letter (and of course, your resume) taking particular care that you have correctly spelt the name of the company, the position and the recipient.

Read the cover letter out loud as it’s easy to mentally anticipate key words even if they’re missing from the text. If in doubt, have a friend cast a second set of eyes over your email cover letter, and correct any mistakes before pressing ‘Send’.

8. Send a test message

To be completely sure your email cover letter will arrive in the layout and form intended, send a test email to yourself. It’s an easy way to be sure no formatting errors occur during transit.

Cover letter sample email

If you’re unsure about how to introduce your resume via email, take a look at our cover letter sample email below.

Subject: Internal Audit Position, Reference: IA 364

Dear Terry (or “Hiring Manager” if no name is offered in the job posting)

Re: Jessica Chu, Internal Audit Assistant Position. Your reference: IA 364

I would like to apply for the role of Internal Auditor (your job reference IA 364).

I have experience in internal audit spanning three years, and combined with my knowledge of the banking industry, I believe I can make a substantial contribution to XYZ Limited.

Your company has an outstanding reputation for best practice in internal audit, and having made recommendations to streamline the audit process in my current role, I am keen to be part of your forward-thinking company.

My particular strengths include:

CA qualified Experience gained with a Big Four accounting firm Managing and developing a team of five assistant auditors Management of internal audit function during changeover to new accounting software

Please find my resume attached, which provides further detail on my background, skills and experience.

I look forward to hearing from you to discuss this opportunity further.

Yours sincerely

Jessica Chu

Tel: 9843-8763

Set up a separate email account

As a final tip, it can be a smart move to create an email address used solely for job applications. If you run with this option, select a sensible address. Email addresses such as “ [email protected] ” do little to create a professional image.

Take a look at our cover letter guide page for more cover letter writing tips and examples.

How To Write An Email Cover Letter

What comes to mind when you hear "cover letter?" Are you thinking of a perfectly polished one-page document that goes in between your perfectly polished resume and contact details? While many cover letters do come in paper format, the future is digital and applications have become more and more casual which is why you may be asked to submit an email cover letter.

"What is an email cover letter and how is it different from the regular version," you ask. The truth is that there isn't any difference when it comes to content and composition. The main difference is the method of delivery.

in this guide we'll teach you:

• How to format your email cover letter
• Additional tips

Before we dive into it, make sure that your resume is up to date. Head over to our resume builder for expert help.

How to Format an Email Cover Letter

So, the hiring manager asked you to email a quick cover letter? Always stick to the one-page rule : a cover letter should be as short and as clear as possible.

The hiring manager won't read two or more pages stapled together and they surely won't read an extra long email either.

• Keep your email cover letter down to a page. 500-600 words is optimal.

Secondly, make sure that you've got no grammar or spelling mistakes. That's a rookie move.

• Double and triple check your writing.
• Use Grammarly or write your cover letter on a Microsoft Word/ Google Doc page first to check for spelling.

Format properly.

• Use consistent alignment - to the left.
• Don't put too much space between paragraphs - one line is enough.
• Make sure to indent each paragraph.

Have a clear subject line.

• Your subject line should read " FirstName LastName , Position Application"

Address the hiring manager properly.

• Begin your email cover letter with "Dear Hiring Manager" or "Dear LastName " if you know who you're talking to.

Stick to the basic principles when it comes to content.

• Include only relevant information regarding your experience.
• Refer to your resume but do not repeat it.
• Tell an engaging story.
• Share your vision about the position.
• Conclude by reiterating your interest.

If you'd like some more expert tips on cover letter content, check out 10 Elements to Include in a Cover Letter .

Include relevant keywords.

• Scan the job ad for keywords and include as many as appropriate on your cover letter.

Check everything twice and make sure you're not missing anything or attaching too much information.

• Hiring managers are busy. Only include what they ask and refrain from attaching irrelevant files or repeating information.

Email cover letters are not that different from the standard version. Make sure you format properly, address the hiring manager correctly, and keep your content tight and clear. Use the subject line to your advantage and refrain from adding irrelevant or superfluous information.

Finally, have one last look at your resume and get to applying! For expert help, head over to our resume builder .

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How To Send an Email Cover Letter (With Example & Template)

Writing a cover letter can be the most intimidating part of the employment application process. Cover letters are meant to sell you to a prospective employer…but, what if it’s too much? How do you know that you’re not bragging? What if you’re selling yourself too short?

While many people think that their resume should speak for them, most employers have already made their decision on whether or not to interview you before your resume is even touched…and it’s all reliant on a smoothly written cover letter. Now that many companies are going to work from home or digital, the application process is no longer about paper applications but e-mails, making knowledge of e-mail cover letters essential to the new employment market.

What Is an Email Cover Letter?

An e-mail cover letter is a letter that is attached to an e-mail – and usually written as the body of an e-mail – by a prospective employee applying for a job. These letters are meant to sell the sender as a candidate and help them to make the best impression on their prospective employers. While many people get concerned while writing them that they may see as if they are “bragging”, it is important that you are selling yourself. Just like a salesman sells a product or service, you are selling yourself as the best candidate for a job.

What to Include

There are a few things that you should always include in an e-mail cover letter:

• Your work experience: Including a basic summary of your work experience helps your prospective employers see how your abilities align with the position they are filling. It also allows them to get a sense of your resume without opening the document.
• Your contact information: Even though you are probably sending your cover letter from an address you regularly check, it is best to give all of your contact information within your e-mail cover letter. Often, employers reach out via phone call so that they can get a better sense of who you are as a person. Including all ways in which they can reach you is a best practice to ensure they can set up an interview easily.
• Your “Elevator Pitch”: Your elevator pitch is your basic rundown on who you are, as if you were stuck in an elevator with a prospective employer. You have roughly thirty seconds to sell yourself and cover the basics. Those key pieces of information are what you should include in your cover letter.

How to Email a Cover Letter

Emailing a cover letter has a certain amount of etiquette that goes along with it. First and foremost, your subject line should state your first and last name as well as that it is your resume and cover letter. The next important step you want to take involves how you show your prospective employers your cover letter. You should send your cover letter as the body of the e-mail. This makes it the first thing that your prospective employer will see when they open your e-mail. Even as the body of your e-mail, however, it should also be attached as a PDF to your email. This allows HR to print it and put it in your file with a little more professionalism.

Sample Email Cover Letter

Subject: Human Resources Associate Position – Charles Alan

To Whom It May Concern:

I recently saw your posting for the Human Resource Associate position. I am extremely interested in the position, as the prerequisites, you have outlined match very well with my extensive skills and experience. I can offer Title Holdings Company:

• Over five years of experience in HR
• Ability to effectively hire, train, and manage staff
• Extensive work with Human Resource file management

In addition to my extensive experience in human resources, I have excellent communication skills. I always maintain a gracious and calm manner when communicating with employees, which allows me to deescalate issues between staff members. My broad experience and range of expertise make me an excellent candidate for this position. My resume, which is attached to this e-mail, provides additional information on my background and qualifications. I look forward to hearing from you soon to discuss this opportunity further.

Thank you for your consideration.

Charles Alan

123-555-6789

[email protected]

Email Cover Letter (Word Template)

Download: Microsoft Word (.docx)

Tips for Sending Email Cover Letter

• Keep it simple: This should be the first thing that your prospective employer will see. It should set you apart from the pack, and a short letter is the best way to do that.
• Sell your best qualities: You only want to sell your best qualities to a prospective employer. Use only positive language and never talk about negative experiences you may have had.
• Make your cover letter the body of your email: Making your cover letter the body of your e-mail ensures that it is the first thing that a prospective employer sees when they open the email. While you should also attach a PDF copy of your cover letter, making it the body of the email ensures they see your best foot forward first.

This is a tricky discussion. It is usually a best practice to write your cover letter in the body of your email. This means that it is the first thing that any prospective employer has in front of them and will be your first impression. You should also attach the cover letter in PDF format to your email. This allows prospective employers to print your cover letter and attach it to any HR file they may have for you.

When you are attaching the cover letter to an email, you need to make sure that you mention that you have attached your resume to the email. Let them know what you are attaching to the email so that they are not surprised. It also helps them to make sure they aren’t opening any attachments that might be detrimental to their system.

Writing a cover letter might seem like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have the be intimidating. As long as you keep your language professional, your wording concise, and you follow the guidelines set forth by a company, you will find yourself having success. With a little writing practice, you will be a pro at writing them in no time.

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How to Email a Resume and Cover Letter Attachment

Sample Email for a Job Application With Attachment

Ashley Nicole DeLeon / The Balance

Depending on the job for which you're applying, you may need to attach your resume and cover letter to an email as you reach out to the hiring manager. That's often the case with smaller employers. For other employers, you'll generally apply online or via a job board, but you'll still want to know how to properly attach a resume and cover letter in case you're coordinating any interviews via email.

What's the easiest way to attach your resume and cover letter to an email message? When you're asked to send a resume or cover letter via email, follow these steps to ensure you have correctly attached your documents. You'll also want to explain what you are sending and why, add your signature to the email, and include a subject line that will get your message opened and read by the recipient.

Key Takeaways

• Most employers request a Microsoft Word document or a PDF file of your resume. 
• It's easy to save your documents in the file format requested by an employer.
• When saving your documents, use your name as the file name.
• Include a subject line that states who you are and what job you are applying for in the email message.

Check the Employer's Instructions

When you apply for jobs via email , the employer may require you to send your resume and cover letter as an attachment to an email message. It's important to send your attachments correctly, include all the information you need so your email message is opened and read, and let the receiver know how they can contact you to schedule an interview.

What's most important is to follow the employer's instructions and send exactly what they have asked for in the format it's requested. If you don't, your message may end up in a spam or trash folder.

Save Your Cover Letter and Resume

When sending your cover letter and resume attachments, the first step is to save your resume as a PDF or a Word document. The job posting should specify how to send the attachment. This way, the receiver will get a copy of the resume in the original format.

If there aren't instructions on how to send your documents, submit your resume as either a Microsoft Word document (.doc or .docx) or as a PDF file. These are the formats most commonly preferred by employers, and it's easy to save the documents and add them as attachments to your email message.

You can either save your cover letter in document format or write it directly in the email message.

Save as a Word Document

If you have word processing software other than Microsoft Word, save your resume as a Word (.doc or .docx) document. Select File , then Save As .

Save a Google Doc as a Word Document

If you don't have Microsoft Word, you can save a Word (.docx) version of a Google Doc. Select File then Download and choose Word Document (.docx).

How to Save as a PDF

Whether the employer requests a PDF file or you opt to send a PDF, here's how to convert a document file.

To save a Word document as a PDF:

• Select  File then Save As  in Microsoft Word.
• Select  PDF  from the  Format  drop-down menu.

To save a Google Doc as a PDF:

• Select  File then Download and choose  PDF Document .

Choose a Unique File Name

When saving your document, use your name as the file name , so the employer knows whose resume and cover letter it is, i.e., janedoeresume.doc or janedoecoverletter.doc.

Don't simply use "resume" as a file name because it will be hard to differentiate your resume from those of the other applicants.

Include a Subject in the Email Message

The subject line is one of the most important parts of the email messages you send to apply for jobs. If you don't include one, your message may not even get opened. 

Your email message must include a subject line, and it should explain to the reader who you are and what job you are applying for. Be specific, so the recipient knows what he or she is receiving. Employers often hire for many positions at the same time, so include both your name and the job title.

Add a subject to the email message before you start writing it. That way, you won't forget to include it afterward.

Here's what to write:

Subject: Your Name - Job Title

If the employer requests additional information, like a job ID number, be sure to include that too.

Write an Email Message to Send With Your Resume

Once you have saved your resume and cover letter, and they are ready to send, the next step is to write an email message to send with your documents.

First, open your email account. Then click on Message at the top left of the screen or click on File > New > Message .

You can either write your cover letter as part of the email message or send it as an attachment. Here's how:

Write Directly in the Email

You can either type your cover letter directly into the email message , copy and paste it from a word processing document, or if the company requests an attachment, send your cover letter and resume with the email message. So, your choices are to send a cover letter attachment or to use the email message as your cover letter.

If you are attaching a cover letter, your email message can be brief. Simply state that your resume and cover letter are attached. Offer to provide additional information and let the reader know how you can be contacted.

Be sure to follow the directions in the job posting for how to apply when sending your cover letter and resume or your application may not be considered.

Adding Your Signature to the Email

It is important to include an email signature with your contact information, so it's easy for hiring managers and recruiters to get in touch with you.

Include your full name, your email address, and your phone number in your email signature, so the hiring manager can see, at a glance, how to contact you. If you have a LinkedIn profile , include it in your signature. Do the same with any other social media accounts you use for career and business purposes.

Sample Email Signature

Jared Harshbarner jared.harshbarner@email.com 617-123-3790 linkedin.com/in/jared.harshbarner

How to Add Your Signature

To add your signature to your email message, click on File > Insert > Signature if you have a signature saved that you use for job searching. If you haven't created an email signature, type your contact information (name, email address, phone, LinkedIn) at the bottom of your message.

Attach Your Resume and Cover Letter to an Email Message

Once your email message is ready to send, you need to attach your resume and cover letter to your message:

Click on Insert > Attach File. Your email client will display a list of files in the default file folder of your computer. If your resume and cover letter are stored in a different folder, click on the appropriate folder.

Click to select the file you want to add to your email message , and then click on Insert to attach the document to your email message. Take the time to carefully proofread the message before you send it.

Before you click Send , send the message to yourself to be sure all the attachments come through, and your email message is perfect.

Send a copy of the message to yourself, as well as to the company, so you have a copy for your records. Add yourself as a BCC (blind carbon copy) by clicking BCC and adding your email address.

Then click Send , and your cover letter and your resume will be on their way to the employer.

Review a Sample Email Message

Here's a sample email message sent with resume and cover letter attachments to apply for a job.

Subject: Sarah Smith – Museum Docent

Dear Ms. Cooper,

I’m writing to apply for the summer docent program at the Museum of Local History.

I have extensive docent experience, having volunteered at both the Harbor Museum and ABC Art, and have led tours both as a student leader and a member of the town historical society. In addition, I’m a lifelong town resident and an enthusiastic amateur historian.

I’ve attached my cover letter and resume for your review. I hope you’ll contact me at your convenience to discuss the program and arrange an interview. Thank you for your time.

Sarah Smith sarah.smith@email.com 555-555-1234 linkedin.com/in/sarahsmith

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is it better to send a word document or a pdf to apply for a job.

A PDF file retains the format of your resume and letter, so the recipient will see them as you wrote them when they open the file(s) you sent. A Word document is easily read by the Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) that employers use to manage job applications. What's most important is to follow the company's application guidelines.

How can I be sure my documents are formatted correctly?

Send a test message, and email your resume and cover letter to yourself before you send it to the employer. That way, you'll know your documents are formatted and attached correctly.

ZipJob. “ Should You Send Your Resume as a PDF or Word Doc? "

Google. " Create, View, or Download a File ."

Microsoft. " Save or Convert to PDF or XPS in Office Desktop Apps ."

Adobe. " How to Convert a Google Doc to a PDF ."

• The D.C. Brief

Calls for Biden to Step Aside Are About to Get Deafening

This article is part of The D.C. Brief, TIME’s politics newsletter. Sign up here to get stories like this sent to your inbox.

For Democrats who tuned into Thursday night’s debate looking to calm their worries about President Joe Biden’s age and acuity, they came away with zero remedy. Within 10 minutes of the CNN-hosted event’s start, some of even Biden’s most loyal supporters found themselves asking if the nomination was, in fact, settled.

How bad was it? Vice President Kamala Harris rushed to join the clean-up, booking late-night cable appearances.

“Yes, there was a slow start but a strong finish,” said Harris, whose prospects for replacing her boss on the top of the ticket were getting hard scrutiny in real time as the debate unfolded. “Listen, people can debate on style points, but ultimately, this election and who is the President of the United States has to be about substance, and the contrast is clear,” she said on CNN in a show of unity with her boss.

At times jarring and deserving of double-takes, the evening left Democratic insiders gobsmacked . His campaign team tried to mask the disaster but there was no denying things did not go as planned. And with a painful 53 days until Democrats have their next big night in front of a national audience with the opening of their nominating convention in Chicago, the fumbling impression left Thursday evening is going to be the image that endures for a stretch.

Biden has faced pivotal nights like this before, the most analogous being his March State of the Union. Then, as now, voters were looking more at Biden’s performance than substance. The fears about the President’s capabilities faded somewhat when Biden nailed that performance. No one would say anything close to that on Thursday.

At times seeming to seize up and at others appearing confused, Biden rambled his way through a 90-minute session against former President Donald Trump. While it evened-out as the night progressed and Biden loosened up, the initial burst of anxiety among Democrats was not the prototypical bed-wetting that the President’s inner circle has proven adept at brushing off. The split-screen was impossible to ignore: Trump was not only more restrained than is typical for him, but he looked steadier even as he dodged specific questions in favor of populist platitudes.

Read more : Trump’s Debate Strategy Was to Let Biden Bury Himself

Biden took the stage with small, slow steps. He often steadied himself with both hands on his lectern. He looked down during some uncomfortable moments, appearing to zone out. And some of his answers veered wildly away from their intended marks, such as his invocation of Americans murdered by those in the country illegally. The question in play? About abortion rights.

"I spent half my career being criticized for being the youngest,” Biden said when asked directly about his age. Then, unprompted, he started talking about computer chips. “This guy is three years younger and a lot less competent,” he said of Trump.

There are some facts that no performance—even a flawless one—can erase or reverse. These are the two oldest presumptive nominees in history. The presidency takes a toll on everyone, and both men moved into the Oval Office as not-young men. At the time of their first head-to-head debate in 2020, they seemed like patrician party elders trying to steady a nation wrecked by a pandemic. Four years have not helped either look younger, and there is no denying that Biden, in particular, looks a little less steady, his voice a bit thinner, his jabs a little duller. Certainly, this Biden is not the man who stopped the panic inside Democratic circles in 2012 after Barack Obama’s objectively terrible first debate against Mitt Romney. 

The stakes for such an evening are always high. Americans are facing a choice between an 81-year-old sage with a literal senatorial vein and forgetful streak or a 78-year-old blowhard dragging behind him felony convictions and looming indictments. At the core of the decision is one posed by Ronald Reagan in the lone debate of the 1980 presidential race: “Are you better off today than you were four years ago?”

Read More : Our Exclusive Interview with President Joe Biden

The debate comes at a moment of a tight campaign, with Trump narrowly leading in most national polls and sitting stronger in the handful of states that will ultimately decide the race. Trump has narrowed Biden’s fundraising advantage and seems to have paid no real price for his 34 felony convictions in New York. And, it’s not exactly a secret even among Biden’s biggest defenders that the incumbent needed to knock it out of the park on Thursday .  

"I really don't know what he said at the end of that sentence. I don't think he knows what he said either,” Trump said in an early moment that thwacked hard. “We’re trying to justify his presidency,” he said later.

Biden’s showing did little to remedy that reality. Message chains among Washington Democrats devolved as the night unfolded into crippling anxiety. “Unintelligible must have been the [closed captioning],” one senior Democrat strategist mused. “It would have been the most honest.”

Panic is not too strong of a word to describe some of those conversations . More than a few text chains were asking who knew the Democratic National Committee rules about how a nominee is locked in. Every elder strategist who still hopes to be part of the Biden orbit seemed to have found themselves on flights Thursday evening, unable to comment because they claimed they weren’t even watching.

Trump is, at his core, a showman with few beliefs of his own. Biden, who has a half-century of debating under his belt and spent a week secluded at Camp David practicing for the debate, did not put on a matching spectacle. Instead, Biden tried to prosecute the fact-based case against Trump while his predecessor danced around the specifics and hurled invective back across the eight-foot gap between the men.

“He gets paid by China. He’s a Manchurian candidate,” Trump said.

A cheap shot, sure. But it’s one that rings much louder than almost anything Biden had at the ready. 

“If he wins this election, our country doesn’t stand a chance,” Trump said, reverting to vague warnings. 

A disturbing echo of that sentiment kept coming through: if Biden remains the nominee, Democrats might not, either.

There were still small reasons for Democrats to hold out hope, however faint. Trump remains a petty figure who continues to insist the 2020 election was rigged and thus illegitimate. He continues to vow retribution against those who he thinks wronged him. “Joe could be a convicted felon,” Trump said. “This man is a criminal.” And Trump—who is a convicted felon—continued to hurl inaccurate statements and fling innuendo all while flagrantly misrepresenting his own histories.

"The only person on this stage that is a convicted felon is the man I am looking at right now,” Biden said.

Biden also tried to fact-check Trump and landed some rehearsed barbs. “You have the morals of an alley cat,” Biden said in one honed line, ticking through a litany of Trump’s history.

But Biden’s rejoinders were no match for Trump’s antagonism. It was clear Biden had prepared, but he suffered from the curse of someone who memorizes a script without understanding any of its subtext. To summon the words he hammered home, he often appeared to be staring off into space.

Trump, meanwhile, just showed up and was himself with a coded appeal to his base supporters.

“You’ve destroyed the lives of so many people,” Trump said, accusing Biden of ruining the lives of innocent individuals connected to the Jan. 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol. He continued to insist that the protestors who sacked Capitol Hill were escorted in by police. And, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, Trump continued to indulge in the Big Lie that he had actually won but the results were rigged.

“There’s no evidence at all,” Biden said.

He was right. But that’s the norm when it comes to Trump. What isn’t the norm—at least not to most Americans—is seeing a President seeming to sleepwalk through 90 minutes of live television.

Make sense of what matters in Washington. Sign up for the D.C. Brief newsletter .

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• Want Weekly Recs on What to Watch, Read, and More? Sign Up for Worth Your Time

Write to Philip Elliott at [email protected]

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Writing your cover letter

Have you found an exciting job vacancy? And would you like to attract the employer's attention originally and convincingly? This session will introduce you to the how and what of writing successful cover letters. Learn how to write a personal, intelligent and honest letter. You will work on creating a link between what the employer asks for and what you have to offer in a way that makes you stand out from the crowd.

This workshop is also available in Dutch as 'Motivatiebrief schrijven'.

Contact details

Email cover letter

We often use email as an informal means of correspondence, but when a job advertisement asks for a cover letter and resume to be forwarded via email, it’s time to ramp things up a notch.

Your cover letter email will create a hiring manager’s first impression of you, so it’s important to make it a good one.

Emails may be quick to write and easy to send but there’s a lot riding on a cover letter email. If it’s not well written or professionally presented your resume may not even be downloaded. Take a look at our top tips to create a strong first impression with an email cover letter.

1. Know what’s required

Check the job posting carefully to know whether your email cover letter and resume should be sent as an attachment or if the lot should be included in the body of the email. If only your resume is to be included as an attachment, use a clear and descriptive file name such as “Cecilia Wang Resume – Web Designer Position” so the recipient can easily identify your document.  Save attachments as a PDF file or Word document – files types that are commonly used.

2. Treat your cover letter email like a formal letter

Draft your email cover letter in much the same way as a hard copy cover letter. Maintain a professional yet warm tone, write words in full without abbreviations, and aim for no more than a single page, breaking up your letter into paragraphs rather than sending a solid chunk of text. It is physically more difficult to read online compared to hard copy so use sub-headers if necessary to break up your letter into user-friendly grabs of information.

3. Keep it simple

Fancy formatting can be lost on different systems so stick to a simple, crisp font like Arial, using a size 10 -12 font for body copy and 14 for headers. Avoid using images, tables, shading or graphics, which can easily be corrupted, to ensure a hiring manager sees your message in the way you intended.

4. Make good use of the subject line

The email subject line should include your name as well as identifying the position you are applying for. A subject line like “Andrew Tan, Junior Accountant Position” will work. Keep this line short and to the point, and if a reference number is included in the job advertisement include this in your subject line (refer to our cover letter sample email below).

5. Customise an email signature

Having an email signature in place makes it very easy for a hiring manager to find your contact details at a moment’s notice. Be sure to include your name, phone number and address in the email cover letter signature line.

6. Tailor each email cover letter to individual roles

If you’re applying for a variety of roles, fine tune your cover letter email (and resume) to reflect the requirements of each role emphasising the suitability of your skills and experience for the job in question.

7. Proof read your email cover letter

A simple typo or spelling mistake can see your job application get an instant thumbs down. Spell check your cover letter (and of course, your resume) taking particular care that you have correctly spelt the name of the company, the position and the recipient. Read the cover letter out loud as it’s easy to mentally anticipate key words even if they’re missing from the text. If in doubt, have a friend cast a second set of eyes over your email cover letter, and correct any mistakes before pressing ‘Send’.

8. Send a test message

To be completely sure your email cover letter will arrive in the layout and form intended, send a test email to yourself. It’s an easy way to be sure no formatting errors occur during transit.

Cover letter sample email

If you’re unsure about how to introduce your resume via email, take a look at our cover letter sample email below.

Subject: Internal Audit Position, Reference: IA 364

Dear Terry (or “Hiring Manager” if no name is offered in the job posting)

Re: Emma Chan, Internal Audit Assistant Position. Your reference: IA 364

I would like to apply for the role of Internal Auditor (your job reference IA 364).

I have experience in internal audit spanning three years, and combined with my knowledge of the banking industry, I believe I can make a substantial contribution to XYZ Limited.

Your company has an outstanding reputation for best practice in internal audit, and having made recommendations to streamline the audit process in my current role, I am keen to be part of your forward-thinking company.

My particular strengths include:

CA qualified Experience gained with a Big Four accounting firm Managing and developing a team of five assistant auditors Management of internal audit function during changeover to new accounting software

Please find my resume attached, which provides further detail on my background, skills and experience.

I look forward to hearing from you to discuss this opportunity further.

Yours sincerely

Tel: 9452-4217

Set up a separate email account

As a final tip, it can be a smart move to create an email address used solely for job applications. If you run with this option, select a sensible address. Email addresses such as “ [email protected] ” do little to create a professional image. 

Take a look at our cover letter guide page for more cover letter writing tips and examples.

Election latest: Rishi Sunak 'pulls emergency ripcord' by summoning Boris Johnson

Former prime minister Boris Johnson has spoken at his first Tory campaign event of the general election, saying Labour will "destroy so much of what we have achieved".

Tuesday 2 July 2024 23:05, UK

• General Election 2024

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Election week

• Boris Johnson makes surprise first appearance of election campaign
• Sam Coates: Sunak pulls the emergency ripcord
• Labour 99% certain to beat Blair's landslide - poll
• 'I just want to lose,' Tory minister tells  Sky's Sam Coates
• 'Enormous increase' in postal votes
• Reform 'very disappointed' as another candidate quits
• Explained:  Why 'supermajority' warnings don't add up
• Electoral Dysfunction: What to watch out for on election night
• Live reporting by Ben Bloch

Election essentials

• Manifesto pledges:  Conservatives | Greens | Labour | Lib Dems | Plaid | Reform | SNP
• Trackers:  Who's leading polls? | Is PM keeping promises?
• Follow Sky's politics podcasts:  Electoral Dysfunction | Politics At Jack And Sam's
• Read more:  Who is standing down? | Key seats to watch | What counts as voter ID? | Check if your constituency is changing | Guide to election lingo
• How to watch election on Sky News

Thank you for joining us on the Politics Hub for the second-to-last day of the general election campaign.

It ended with something of a bang, with Boris Johnson making a surprise appearance on the campaign trail with just one full day left until polls open.

Join us again tomorrow from 6am for live coverage of the last full day of this general election campaign.

We've had some reaction from the Liberal Democrats to Boris Johnson's surprise appearance at a campaign event alongside Boris Johnson.

Referencing Partygate, the scandal that led to the demise of his premiership, the party's deputy leader Daisy Cooper said: "This is an insult to everyone who made heartbreaking sacrifices during the pandemic.

"Rishi Sunak has reached a desperate new low, turning to a man who discredited the office of prime minister and lied to the country time after time.

"It is time to boot out this tired and sleaze-ridden Conservative Party."

Our deputy political editor Sam Coates  describes Boris Johnson's campaign appearance with Rishi Sunak as "a surprise and a gamble".

He says: "Rishi Sunak has pulled the emergency ripcord with one full day of campaigning left to go in this election, and summoned Boris Johnson - his predecessor but one - to front a rally here in central London, just as so many different candidates face disaster in this election."

Sam describes the move as "extraordinary", noting that Mr Sunak helped oust Mr Johnson two years ago.

"Now he is relying on him for an election campaign boost at the 11th hour."

Sam says the crowd "cheered" Mr Johnson and "loved to see him".

But Sam also notes: "He talked about himself, he talked about his 2019 election victory, he talked about his record in government".

The ex-PM also rolled out some of the Tory campaign's attack lines on Labour, but Sam adds: "What he didn't say was just as important.

"He did not lavish praise on his successor, Rishi Sunak, and he did not shake his hand after his appearance."

Rishi Sunak is on his feet at a campaign event in London as the general election campaign enters its final hours.

He thanks Boris Johnson for his support, and says it is "shameful" to suggest Jeremy Corbyn would have made a better a prime minister. 

"Boris was right to say now is the time for all Conservatives to come together to deny Labour that super majority that Keir Starmer craves," he adds. 

"We have 48 hours to save Britain from the danger of a Labour government." 

He says the Conservatives need to "fight for every vote" and he knows that the election result is not a "foregone conclusion". 

"Every single vote matters... we have got to give it one more push," he adds.

He urges people to "get out" and support a number of Tory candidates.

Addressing the Conservatives' record, his says the party has rescued the UK from "Labour's bankruptcy" under David Cameron's leadership, and has delivered the third-fastest growth in the G7. 

He also notes the introduction of the pension triple lock, support for Ukraine, the COVID vaccine rollout, and Brexit. 

But, he acknowledges that people are "hesitant" to support the party. 

"I am not blind to their frustrations with me, with our party. It has been a very difficult few years for our country," he says. 

"We haven't got everything right, we haven't made as much progress in every area as we would have liked, but I would say to everybody that this Thursday is not a by-election. 

"It is a choice about the future of our country, and that choice has severe consequences for your family if you get it wrong." 

He takes aim at Labour's plans for the country, saying it will not tackle illegal immigration, will make the UK "more reliant on foreign energy" and will "raise everyone's taxes". 

"You name it - they will tax it," he adds. "A vote for the Conservatives is a vote for lower taxes." 

He says there will be tax cuts under a Conservative government, which sparks cheers from the crowd. 

"We want Rishi," one person can be heard shouting. 

Mr Sunak concludes by saying he will work "day and night" to deliver for the country. 

"Do not surrender to Labour. Let's get out there and fight for every vote," he says. 

 Boris Johnson has taken to the podium to cheers of "Boris".

He thanks supporters for attending the event "way past Sir Keir Starmer's bedtime."

He tells the crowd: "If you are slightly surprised to see me, I'm going to be absolutely clear that I was glad when Rishi [Sunak] asked me to help - of course I couldn't say no."

"We are here because we love our country," he says.

Mr Johnson adds: "Whatever our differences, they are utterly trivial by comparison with the disaster we may face if these so-called opinion polls are right."

"If these polls are right then at the very moment this country has beaten COVID and at the very moment we should be encouraging enterprise and growth - Westminster is about to go diametrically in the opposite direction," he says.

Mr Johnson says Labour will "destroy so much of what we have achieved".

He adds that "it will be the height of insanity if these polls are right".

"Labour are so cocky and complacent, they are barely concealing their agenda anymore," he says. 

"Whacking up taxes on pensions and property and persecuting private enterprise and attacking private education and private healthcare.

"All the while, Starmer is so terrified of disappointing left-wing dogma he is reluctant to explain the difference between a man and a woman and sits there with his mouth opening and shutting like a stunned mullet."

He concludes by saying: "Vote Conservative on Thursday!"

Watch Mr Johnson's full speech here .

Michael Gove is speaking at a Conservative campaign event in London.

He tells crowds he wants them to vote with "pride".

"Our children are the best readers in the western world and our schools are the best in Europe - this is all down to the Conservative Party," he says.

Mr Gove says "we got Brexit done" and "had the fastest vaccine rollout in the world".

"Let's stand up and say we are proud to be Conservative," he says.

"Let's stand up and say we are proud Rishi Sunak is our prime minister."

He says "at the heart of Rishi is a moral core than cannot be broken".

He adds: "In an uncertain world we cannot take the risk of the alternative."

Mr Gove asks the crowds: "What has Keir Starmer ever done for us?"

"This Corbyn hugging, tax raising, flip flopping apology for a leader should never be allowed anywhere near Number 10," he adds.

"He is the jellyfish of British politics.

"Transparent, spineless and swept away by any incoming tide."

A Conservative Party campaign event is under way in London.

We expect to hear from the prime minister as he fights to, as he puts it, prevent a "Labour supermajority".

Watch live in the stream above, at the link below - and follow updates here in the Politics Hub.

By  Faye Brown , political reporter

Kemi Badenoch and Suella Braverman have denied being associated with website domains purporting to be for future leadership bids.

It comes as a source close to Penny Mordaunt told Sky News she kept her domain active from  the 2022 contests  "for the same reason you'd keep a spare tire in the boot" - and not to mount a challenge against the PM.

With Rishi Sunak widely expected to lose the election on Thursday, there has been mounting speculation about what direction the Conservatives will head in and who could take command.

While Northern Ireland minister Steve Baker has been  open about fancying his chances , other senior Tories are keeping their cards close to their chests.

Over the weekend it emerged a website called kemi4leader.co.uk was registered in April and currently redirects to the Conservative Party homepage.

Business Secretary Ms Badenoch has long been considered a favourite to succeed Mr Sunak on the Conservative right.

However, a source close to her told Sky News the website domain is "nothing to do with her".

Ms Braverman has also told Sky News a website, Suella4leader.co.uk, which redirects to her personal website, has nothing to do with her.

Read more here:

Tonight's poll from Survation suggests Labour are almost certain to outperform the landslide win achieved by Tony Blair in 1997.

It has the party winning 484 seats, with the Tories a distant second on 64 ( see 19.01 post ).

It will likely see Rishi Sunak ramp up his warnings of a Labour "supermajority" even further.

It's a term the Tories have been banding about for weeks - but what does it mean, and why does Mr Sunak think it'll work?

What's the PM getting at?

"Supermajority" is being used by Mr Sunak to refer to the scale of the Labour victory being projected by many pollsters - with some saying they could top the 419 seats won by Tony Blair in 1997.

That gave Labour a majority of 179, but with the Tories tipped to do even worse than they did back then (165 seats), Sir Keir Starmer could end up enjoying the biggest parliamentary advantage on record.

Mr Sunak has said such a "supermajority" would make it harder for the Labour Party to be held to account in the Commons.

Is he right to sound the alarm?

Well, no - because the concept of a supermajority is meaningless in British democracy.

It's a familiar phrase in US politics, where a supermajority of two-thirds really does matter in some votes. 

For example, Congress is required for particularly significant legislation like impeaching a president to hit that two-thirds threshold.

In the UK, a governing party only has to hold more than half of the 650 seats in the Commons, whether that be 326 or much more.

A majority of one could be just as effective as something much bigger - as long as the majority party keeps its MPs in line.

Some have argued the "supermajority" concept isn't without merit, for example in referendums, but it's certainly not relevant to this election despite the Tories' best efforts to make it so.

Whether it's healthy for parliament to be as dominated by one party as it could be from 5 July is another question - but whatever the majority Labour might have, there'll be nothing super about it.

The first big moment of election night this Thursday is the exit poll.

It'll provide us with our first major insight into the result.

Our political correspondent Serena Barker-Singh explains all you need to know:

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