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Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer

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basic computer concepts

BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS

Aug 09, 2014

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BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS. Definition of Computer. Definition: A computer is a device that takes data in one form, uses it, and produces a different form of information which is related to (but may not be the same as) the original data.

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Definition of Computer Definition: A computer is a device that takes data in one form, uses it, and produces a different form of information which is related to (but may not be the same as) the original data. An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use.

Definition of Modern Computer • Inputs, outputs, processes and stores information • Physical: Keyboard, monitor, etc. – are these necessary components?

Advantages of Computers • Speed • Storage • High Accuracy • Versatility • Diligence • Automatic Operation • Obedience • Decision Making Capability

History of Computers - Long, Long Ago Abacus - 3000 BC • beads on rods to count and calculate • still widely used in Asia!

Charles Babbage - 1792-1871 • Difference Engine .1822 • huge calculator, never finished • Analytical Engine 1833 • could store numbers • calculating “mill” used punched metal cards for instructions • powered by steam! • accurate to six decimal places

Vacuum Tubes - 1941 - 1956 • First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes • Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside. • Vacuum tubes have no air inside them, which protects the circuitry.

UNIVAC – 1951 • first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S. (Universal Automatic Computer) • Created at the University of Pennsylvania • ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) weighed 30 tons • contained 18,000 vacuum tubes • Cost a paltry $487,000

First Transistor • Uses Silicon • developed in 1948 • won a Nobel prize • on-off switch • Second Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

Second Generation – 1965-1963 • 1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors • Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors

Integrated Circuits • Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips) • Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip”

Third Generation – 1964-1971 • 1964-1971 • Integrated Circuit • Operating System • Getting smaller, cheaper

The First Microprocessor – 1971 • The 4004 had 2,250 transistors • four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s) • Called “Microchip”

What is a Microchip? • Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC) • Transistors, resistors, and capacitors • 4004 had 2,250 transistors • Pentium IV has 42 MILLION transistors • Each transistor 0.13 microns (10-6 meters)

4th Generation – 1971-present • MICROCHIPS! • Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology

Generations of Electronic Computers

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections: • Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new creation • vacuum tube • integrated circuit • transistor • microchip

Evolution of Electronics Microchip (VLSIC) Integrated Circuit Transistor Vacuum Tube

Evolution of Electronics • Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage • Transistor  Integrated Circuit  Microchip

IBM PC - 1981 • IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture • First wide-selling personal computer used in business • 8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors • 4.77 Mhz processing speed • 256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard • One or two floppy disk drives

1990s: Pentiums and Power Macs • Early 1990s began penetration of computers into every niche: every desk, most homes, etc. • Faster, less expensive computers paved way for this • Windows 95 was first decent GUI for “PCs” • Macs became more PC compatible - easy file transfers • Prices have plummeted • $2000 for entry level to $500 • $6000 for top of line to $1500

21st Century Computing • Great increases in speed, storage, and memory • Increased networking, speed in Internet • Widespread use of CD-RW • PDAs(Personal Digital Assistant) • Cell Phone/PDA • WIRELESS!!!

What’s next for computers? • Use your imagination to come up with what the next century holds for computers. • What can we expect in two years? • What can we expect in twenty years?

Classification of Computers According to Size • Super Computers: Supercomputer a state-of-the-art, extremely powerful computer capable of manipulating massive amounts of data in a relatively short time. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great amount of computation, among them meteorology, animated graphics, nuclear energy research and weapon simulation, and petroleum exploration.

Classification of Computers According to Size 2Main Frame Computers: Expensive Quickest Speedy Used in large Companies

Classification of Computers According to Size . 3 Mini Computers A minicomputer is a class of multi-user computers that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the largest multi-user systems (mainframe computers) and the smallest single-user systems (microcomputers or personal computers).

Classification of Computers According to Size . 4 Micro Computers A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are also called “computer of a chip” because its entire circuitry is contained in one tiny chip. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers.

What does a computer do? Processor Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic Unit • Input • Process • Output • Storage Input Devices Output Devices Memory Storage Devices Information Processing Cycle

Input Devices • Any hardware component that allows you to enter data, programs, commands, and user responses into a computer • Input Device Examples • Keyboard • Mouse • Mic • Scanner • Joystick

Output Devices • Output devices make the information resulting from processing available for use • Output Device Examples • Printers • Impact • Nonimpact • Display Devices • CRT • LCD • Speakers

Backing Storage Backing storage devices are where you can store data permanently. This means that data is held when the computer is switched off and can be loaded onto a computer system when required. These devices are also known as secondary storage devices or auxiliary devices.

Secondary Storage Devices • Removable • Floppy disk, or diskette • Compact Disc CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM • DVDs – DVD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW, DVD-RAM • Zip disk • Flash disk/USB drive • Tape • Non-Removable • Hard disk

Types of Computer Softwares SOFTWARE: - The software is the planned, step-by-step set of electronic instructions required to turn data into information that makes a computer useful. As stated software, or program, consists of the instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. It is fall into two categories: - • System software. • Application software.

Types of Computer Softwares 1.System Software: - System software enables the application software to interact with the computer and helps the computer manage its internal and external resources. System software is required to run application software. Buyers of new computers will find the system software has already been installed by the manufacture. There are two basic types of system software such as: - Operating system. (e.g. Windows, DOS, etc) Utility programs: (e.g. Antivirus, file compression,etc)

Types of Computer Softwares 2. Application Software: Application software, also known as an application, is computer software designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related specific tasks. Examples include accounting software, office suites, graphics software, and media players.

Application Software • Word Processing • Spreadsheet • Presentation Graphics • Database • Contact Management

Computers, file size, units of measurement The basic unit used in computer data storage is called a bit (binary digit). Computers use these little bits, which are composed of ones and zeros, to do things and talk to other computers. All your files, for instance, are kept in the computer as binary files and translated into words and pictures by the software (which is also ones and zeros).

UNITS OF MEMORY • 8Bit = 1Byte • 1024 Byte = 1 KiloByte • 1024 KiloByte = 1 Mega Byte • 1024 MegaByte = 1 GigaByte • 1024 Giga Byte = 1 Tera Byte • 1024 Tera Byte = 1 Pica Byte • 1024 Pica Byte = 1 Nano Byte

1946-1959 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS First Generation of Computers • Vacuum tubes Page 24

1946-1959 1957-1963 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Second Generation of Computers • Vacuum tubes • Transistors Page 24

1946-1959 1957-1963 1964-1979 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Third Generation of Computers • Vacuum tubes • Transistors • Integrated circuits Page 25

1946-1959 1957-1963 1964-1979 1980 - present EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS Fourth Generation of Computers • Vacuum tubes • Transistors • Integrated circuits • VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits

1946-1959 1957-1963 1964-1979 1980 - present EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS The Development of Microcomputers Apple IBM PC 1981 Page 26

Before the 1500s, in Europe, calculations were made with an abacus • Invented around 500BC, available in many cultures (China, Mesopotamia, Japan, Greece, Rome, etc.) • In 1642, Blaise Pascal (French mathematician, physicist, philosopher) invented a mechanical calculator called the Pascaline • In 1671, Gottfried von Leibniz (German mathematician, philosopher) extended the Pascaline to do multiplications, divisions, square roots: the Stepped Reckoner • None of these machines had memory, and they required human intervention at each step

In 1822 Charles Babbage (English mathematician, philosopher), sometimes called the “father of computing” built the Difference Engine • Machine designed to automate the computation (tabulation) of polynomial functions (which are known to be good approximations of many useful functions) • Based on the “method of finite difference” • Implements some storage • In 1833 Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, but he died before he could build it • It was built after his death, powered by steam

Computer Data Main Memory CPU Bus Control Von Neumann Architecture • Principles • Data and instructions are both stored in the main memory(stored program concept) • The content of the memory is addressable by location (without regard to what is stored in that location) • Instructions are executed sequentially unless the order is explicitly modified • The basic architecture of the computer consists of:

Computer System Output Device Bus Bus Input Device Computer Data Bus Main Memory CPU Secondary Storage Device Control von Neumann Architecture • A more complete view of the computer system architecture that integrates interaction (human or otherwise) consists of: Five Main Components: 1. CPU 2. Main Memory (RAM) 3. I/O Devices 4. Mass Storage 5. Interconnection network (Bus)

Another view of a digital computer

The Instruction Cycle • The Instruction Cycle • Basic • Intermediate • Exceptions

Start Fetch Instruction Execute Instruction The Instruction Cycle - Basic View • Once the computer has been started (bootstrapped) it continually executes instructions (until the computer is stopped) • Different instructions take different amounts of time to execute (typically) • All instructions and data are contained in main memory

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We live in the internet era, which means that web design is currently one of the most demanded skills. This free template is perfect for those designers who want to present their web project proposal to their clients and see a preview of the final work.

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    computer knowledge ppt

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    computer knowledge ppt

  3. BASIC KNOWLEDGE ABOUT COMPUTERS by V

    computer knowledge ppt

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    computer knowledge ppt

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    computer knowledge ppt

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    computer knowledge ppt

VIDEO

  1. AI 7

  2. 從零學習電腦硬體知識 顯卡❤️ Learn computer hardware knowledge from scratch graphics cards

  3. PPT #power point #computer #competition #gkinhindi science #RS-CIT #kotakitarp #techonbeatofficial

  4. 從零學習電腦硬體知識 CPU❤️ Learn computer hardware knowledge from scratch -- CPU

  5. 3. CPU, its parts & Components

  6. BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE (कंप्यूटर विज्ञान की बुनियादी जानकारी) --PART-1

COMMENTS

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer

    Download ppt "Chapter 1: Introduction to Computer". Computer A computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use.

  2. PPT

    1.97k likes | 5.08k Views. Computer Basics 1. Computer Basic 1 includes two lessons: Lesson 1: Introduction to Computers Lesson 2: Common Computer Terminology. Lesson 1 - Introduction to Computer Objectives. After completing lesson 1, you will be able to: Describe the importance of computers in today's world. Download Presentation.

  3. Basics of Computer.ppt

    Basics of Computer.ppt - Download as a PDF or view online for free. Basics of Computer.ppt - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... this is the best power point presentation we can give to knowledge about computer hardware .computer generation and special features MY COMPUTER. MY COMPUTER.

  4. Computer Basics 101 Slide Show Presentation

    S. sluget. Learn to identify parts of a computer, hardware and software, operate the mouse and keyboard and become familiar with the MS Windows X/P Operating System. Technology Entertainment & Humor. 1 of 12. Download now. Computer Basics 101 Slide Show Presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free.

  5. Basic computer skills

    Using the Mouse Single. Using the Mouse Drag. Using the Mouse Right. The Keyboard • Num. Using the Keyboard Letter. Using the Keyboard Numbers, Using the Keyboard Arrow. Desktop and Icons. Using Windows • When.

  6. (PPT) lesson 1-Introduction to computers.pptx

    These are 1) it accepts data or instructions by way of input, 2) it stores data, 3) it can process data as required by the user, 4) it gives results in the form of output, and 5) it controls all operations inside a computer. We discuss below each of these operations. 1. Input: In computing, an input device is any peripheral (piece of computer ...

  7. PPT

    BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS. Definition of Computer Definition: A computer is a device that takes data in one form, uses it, and produces a different form of information which is related to (but may not be the same as) the original data. An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept ...

  8. Free PPT Slides for Basic Computer

    Unlock a Vast Repository of Basic Computer PPT Slides, Meticulously Curated by Our Expert Tutors and Institutes. Download Free and Enhance Your Learning! ... PPT On Basic Knowledge Of Microsoft Excel. Basic Computer (17 Slides) 10496 Views. by: Ankit. Email Etiquette PPT. Basic Computer, English, Personality Development (11 Slides)

  9. Basics of Computers

    From the video, you will be able to make a PowerPoint presentation using Microsoft powerpoint with the conversation of Rini & Clicko. Thanks for watching it....

  10. 11 Basic Computer Skills You Need to Know

    Fortunately, with the right guidance, anyone can learn how to work with computers: 1. Understanding the Basics of Computer Hardware. Chief Focus: Hard Drive, CPU, Memory. Computers are machines. Like most machines, they are made up of various, sometimes moving, parts that allow them to function in different ways.

  11. Computer Workshop for Beginners

    Blue Technology Illustration Education School Cute Workshop Computer Editor's Choice Internet Computing Editable in Canva. Yes, computers can be your friend! Be at ease running your beginners' computer workshop with this fun Google Slides & PPT template with a desktop layout!

  12. Computer Basics: Computer Basics Quiz

    Question 1 of 25. What is software? instructions that tell the hardware what to do. flexible parts of a computer case. clothing designed to be worn by computer users. any part of the computer that has a physical structure. Back to Tutorial. keyboard_arrow_up. Test your knowledge of computer basics by taking our quiz.

  13. Computer basics

    2. Definition of Computer A device that computes, especially a programmable electronic machine that performs high-speed mathematical or logical operations or that assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes information. 3. Look at this picture of a computer from our Computer Lab.

  14. Free Computer Google Slides themes and PowerPoint templates

    Download the Cloud Computing Computer Science Bachelor's Degree presentation for PowerPoint or Google Slides. The education sector constantly demands dynamic and effective ways to present information. This template is created with that very purpose in mind. Offering the best resources, it allows educators or students to efficiently manage their ...

  15. PDF Lecture 1: Introduction to "Computer Vision"

    Our job is to interpret the cues! Depth cues: Linear perspective. Depth cues: Aerial perspective. Depth ordering cues: Occlusion. Shape cues: Texture gradient. Shape and lighting cues: Shading. Position and lighting cues: Cast shadows. Grouping cues: Similarity (color, texture, proximity) Grouping cues: "Common fate".

  16. PDF CS231n: Deep Learning for Computer Vision

    Lectures. Tuesdays and Thursdays between 1:30pm to 3:00pm at NVIDIA Auditorium. Slides will be posted on the course website shortly before each lecture. All lectures will be recorded and uploaded to Canvas after the lecture under the "Panopto Course Videos" Tab. Course website.

  17. Work Smarter with Microsoft PowerPoint

    This course is intended for learners with some experience using Microsoft Windows, who are seeking to build presentation skills with Microsoft PowerPoint. To be successful in this course you should have an understanding of the basics of using a Windows-based computer. Experience with printing and using a web browser are an asset, but not required.

  18. Basic of Computer Introduction

    It perform four primary operations are: 1. INPUT - entering data into the computer 2. PROCESSING - performing operations on the data 3. OUTPUT - presenting the results 4. STORAGE - saving data, or output for future use. 4. 4 Data • Data is a collection of facts, figures and statistics related to an object.

  19. Presentation on computer

    Presentation on computer. Apr 5, 2014 • Download as PPT, PDF •. 114 likes • 370,458 views. Nausad Ahamed. Description on basic computer, Input and output devices. Engineering Technology. 1 of 14. Download now. Presentation on computer - Download as a PDF or view online for free.

  20. Knowledge Powerpoint Templates and Google Slides Themes

    Download your presentation as a PowerPoint template or use it online as a Google Slides theme. 100% free, no registration or download limits. Get these knowledge templates to create informative presentations that will educate and engage your audience. No Download Limits Free for Any Use No Signups.

  21. PowerPoint 101: Everything You Need to Make a Basic Presentation

    One of the basics of PowerPoint presentations is to have a consistent color palette throughout. With these PowerPoint basics covered, let's change the slide background color on slide two. To start, click on the slide background. Next, click on the Design tab. In the toolbar, click on the Format Background button.

  22. PowerPoint 101: The Ultimate Guide for Beginners

    Microsoft PowerPoint is a presentation design software that is part of Microsoft 365. This software allows you to design presentations by combining text, images, graphics, video, and animation on slides in a simple and intuitive way. Over time, PowerPoint has evolved and improved its accessibility to users.

  23. Hello GPT-4o

    Prior to GPT-4o, you could use Voice Mode to talk to ChatGPT with latencies of 2.8 seconds (GPT-3.5) and 5.4 seconds (GPT-4) on average. To achieve this, Voice Mode is a pipeline of three separate models: one simple model transcribes audio to text, GPT-3.5 or GPT-4 takes in text and outputs text, and a third simple model converts that text back to audio.

  24. Basic computer ppt

    you get from basic computer to ppt in computer. Technology. 1 of 27. Download now. Basic computer ppt - Download as a PDF or view online for free.